Summary
In 2005, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and
the State Council, adhering to the scientific development outlook
in commanding the overall work situation of land and resources, the
Ministry of Land and Resources ( MLR ) studied and implemented the
spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee
of the CPC, deeply promoted the activities of "improving the system
of organization and raising the quality of personnel", made marked
progress in transforming?conceptions, functions and working
style and achieved new success in protecting resources,
safeguarding people's rights and interests and serving society.
The MLR put into practice the scientific development outlook in
an all-round way and strengthened, improved and participated in the
work of macro-regulation. It worked out the program of the 11th
Five Year Plan of Land and Resources, made specific plans for
different sectors, energetically carried forward the economical and
intensive use of land and resources, and made great efforts to
build up a society that economizes on resources. While carrying out
the initial work of amendment to the overall land-use plan, the MLR
further intensified the protection of cultivated land, especially
capital farmland; established a series of new measures such as
promoting farmland protection by farmland construction; continued
to strictly control the supply of land; and consolidated the
achievements of land market rectification. The MLR also fully
improved and regularized the development order of mineral resources
and comprehensively strengthened geological work. A group of
important results was scored in geological investigation and
mineral resources exploration. Prevention and control of geological
hazards produced a remarkable effect. Monitoring of geological
environment was pushed forward vigorously. Scientific and
technological innovation and informatization of land and resources
were constantly promoted. International cooperation and exchange
were intensified. The first-phase construction of the Golden Land
Project was formerly launched. The management of marine resources
and the protection of marine environment were improved
persistently. The administration level and service standard of
surveying and mapping were enhanced steadily.
I??????????
Land and Resources
According to the results of the land-use change survey, China
had 122.0827 million hectares of cultivated land, 11.5490 million
hectares of garden land, 235.7411 million hectares of forestland,
262.1438 million hectares of pastureland, 25.5309 million hectares
of land for other agricultural use, 26.0151 million hectares of
land for residential and industrial/mining sites, 2.3085 million
hectares of land for transport and communications and 3.5987
million hectares of land for water conservancy facilities. The rest
was unused land. By comparison with 2004, the cultivated land in
2005 declined by 0.30%, the garden land rose 2.31%, the forestland
increased 0.30%, the pastureland dropped 0.21%, the land for
residential and industrial/mining sites went up 1.11%, the land for
transport and communications grew 3.37%, and the land for water
conservancy facilities was up 0.26%.
The net area of reduced cultivated land in China in 2005 amounted to 361,600 hectares, of
which 138,700 hectares of cultivated land were used for
construction. In addition, it was found that 73,400 hectares of
cultivated land had been used for construction but their variation
reports were not submitted; 53,500 hectares were destroyed by
natural hazards; 390,400 hectares were turned into ecological
preservation land; 12,300 hectares were reduced due to agricultural
restructuring; and 306,700 hectares of cultivated land were newly
added by land consolidation, reclamation and development. The area
of the added land was equivalent to 144.56% of that of the
cultivated land occupied by construction.
The newly added land for construction in 2005 totaled 432,000
hectares, of which 151,100 hectares were used for industrial and
mining purposes (including various economic development zones and
parks), 98,200 hectares were for urban construction, 66,600
hectares for rural construction, and 107,600 hectares for
communications, water conservancy and other infrastructures.
The protection of cultivated land, especially capital farmland,
was conscientiously strengthened. The Measures on the Assessment of
Provincial-level Governments' Responsibility Targets for Farmland
Protection issued by the State Council stipulated that the
governments of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government would be
responsible for the reserves of farmland and the area of protected
capital farmland. The MLR, together with the Ministry of
Agriculture, the National Development and Reform Commission, the
Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of
Water Conservancy and the State Forestry Bureau, worked out and
issued the Opinions on Further Improving the Work Related to
Capital Farmland Protection; distributed the Notice of Establishing
Demonstration Areas of Capital Farmland Protection to bring into
full play the role of models and comprehensively raise the work
level of capital farmland protection; circulated the Notice of
Strengthening and Improving the Work of Land Development and
Consolidation; and promulgated the 2005 Guide to State-invested
Projects of Land Development and Consolidation. In 2005, 1,326
State-invested land development and consolidation projects were put
on file, with the total construction??? area
being 1,291,200 hectares. The number of such projects operated in
major grain producing areas accounted for 47% of the total and
their construction area, 53%. The MLR also issued the Notice of the
Basic Work of Converting the Quantity and Quality of Added Farmland
According to Grades, and took stricter measures to improve the work
of balancing between occupation and addition of
farmland.
The MLR energetically promoted the economic and intensive use of
land and conducted an investigation of the use of inventory land in
the whole country. It was discovered that as of the end of 2004,
China's planned urban areas had 72,000
hectares of idle land, 54,800 hectares of unoccupied land, and
135,600 hectares of approved but unsupplied land. The total of
these three categories of land amounted to 262,400 hectares,
accounting for 7.8% of the gross of urban land for construction.
The MLR conscientiously conformed to the requirements of "Six
Disapproves" and "Eight Musts" for construction land and, through
examination, cut the supply of 4631.9 hectares of such land. The
Ministry summarized and energetically popularized 100 typical cases
of economic and intensive use of land, formulated new policies to
promote the use of land in the same way, strictly controlled the
total supply of land, and stringently examined and verified 24 open
economic development zones, export processing zones and bonded
zones.
Land administration was always in the service of economic
construction. Total area of construction land examined and approved
for supply in 2005 reached 346,800 hectares, of which 149,300
hectares was approved by the State Council and 197,500 hectares by
provincial authorities. The land approved in batches for
construction of industrial, mining, storing and housing sites was
160,000 hectares and that for transport and communications, water
conservancy and other sites was 186,800 hectares.
The basic work of land administration was remarkably
strengthened. The national standards for the Classification of Land
Uses had been submitted to the State Standardization Administration
Commission for approval. The work plan of the second national land
survey was made; a land renewal survey was carried out in 18
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government; and a database of present status of land use
was set up in 1,526 counties?? and cities. The
cadastral survey was completed in 82.24% urban areas of
China. The issuance percentage of
land-use licenses for State-owned land was up to 76.38%; that of
ownership licenses for collective-owned land was 33.19%; and that
of land-use licenses for collective-owned land amounted to 70.69%.
Grading and evaluation of agricultural land were conducted in 25
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government, and passed the check and acceptance in 13
provinces.
The system of land market was improved; the coverage of paid use
of land was further expanded; and the granting system of
Stated-owned land was made better. The total area of granted land
in China was 163,200 hectares and the corresponding fees were
550.515 billion yuan （～US$68.8 billion）. Of these, the area of land
granted by public bidding, auction and listing was 57,200 hectares
and the corresponding fees were 392.009 billion yuan（～US$49
billion）, constituting 35.06% of the total area and 71.21% of the
total fees, respectively. The land reserve system was improved and
the land market monitoring and land price management intensified.
The results of dynamic monitoring of the land market in more than
1,000 counties, cities and prefectures indicated that as for the
structure of land sources, 56% of the supplied land was from the
inventory and 44% was newly added; as for the structure of land
applications, 43.33% of the supplied land was used for industrial,
mining and storing sites, 30.56% for real estate development, and
26.11% for other purposes. Of the total area of the real estate
development land, 29.2% was used for commercial and service
properties, 48.7% for common residential buildings, 9.3% for
economic and applicable housing, 0.2% for high-grade flats and
12.6% for other residences. Systematic policies of land supply for
real estate market were worked out.
II.?????
Mineral Resources
Geological investigations and mineral resources explorations
carried out in China in 2005 resulted in the discovery of 169 large
and medium-sized mineral occurrences or prospects, of which 40 were
of energy minerals, 3 were of ferrous metals, 44 were of nonferrous
metals, 11 were of precious metals, 7 were of metallurgical
auxiliary raw materials, 5 were of raw materials of chemical
industry, 52 were of nonmetallic minerals for construction and
other purposes, and 7 were of mineral water, groundwater and carbon
dioxide gas. Resources and reserves of dominant
minerals?? such as oil, gas, coal, iron, manganese,
bauxite, lead and gold increased and those of chromium, copper,
zinc, pyrite, phosphate and potash decreased.
In 2005, the new whole-industry standards for calculating oil
and gas reserves were promulgated and implemented. Important
results were achieved in resources investigation and evaluation and
a large gas field was discovered by deep exploration in the Daqing
Oil Field. Dynamic monitoring of reserves of solid mineral
resources was steadily pushed forward. A breakthrough was produced
in the reform of socialized service system of geological data. The
"State Council's Decision on the Strengthening of Geological Work"
was drafted through research. There was actively explored a new
geological work system in which the central and local geological
departments or institutions would bear their respective
responsibilities, the government and the enterprise would perform
their respective functions, and the public-welfare service and
commercial service would be organically combined. Potentials of
China's major mineral resources were
analyzed comprehensively and systematically; and some key mineral
resources and mineral prospects were chosen for more detailed
exploration, thus pointing out the direction of search for mineral
deposits. The reserve shortage degree and resource potential of
"crisis" mines were preliminarily ascertained and satisfactory
results were achieved in pilot projects. The first batch of tasks
of exploration of back-up resources for "crisis" mines was
assigned.
Up to the end of 2005, there had been granted 21,824 mineral
exploration licenses (including 9,282 newly issued ones), of which
300 were for oil and gas and 60 for coal bed methane; there had
also been granted 92,582 mining licenses (including 16,820 newly
issued ones), of which 41 were for oil and gas mining rights. The
exploration rights granted by public bidding, auction and listing
was conducted in 20 provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, resulting in
the grant of 554 exploration right licenses and the grant fees of
1.043 billion yuan（～US$0.13 billion）. Furthermore, the mining
rights granted by public bidding, auction and listing was performed
in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly
under the Central Government, leading to the grant of 13,227 mining
right licenses and the grant fees of 3.949 billion yuan（～US$0.49
billion）. In 2005, the valid foreign-related exploration licenses
totaled 206 and the valid foreign-related mining licenses
aggregated 187.
New success was scored in attracting foreign investment to the
mineral exploration in Yunnan, Inner
Mongolia, Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces or autonomous
regions. Major progress was made in the exploration and development
by foreign investors in the Shagouxi Ag-Pb-Zn mine of Luoning,
Henan Province and the Jinfeng gold mine of Guizhou Province. Up to
the present, more than 80 international mining enterprises have
been undertaking mineral exploration and development in China. And
correspondingly, some Chinese enterprises have been engaged in
similar activities in over 30 countries of the world.
The productions of mineral commodities in China grew rapidly in 2005. The 2005
productions of some mineral commodities were as follows: 2.19
billion tons of raw coal, 181 million tons of crude oil, 421
million tons of iron ore, 352 million tons of crude steel, a total
of 16.35 million tons of 10 nonferrous metals, 30.44 million tons
of phosphate ore, 44.54 million tons of crude salt, and 1.06
billion tons of cement. In China's western region, the oil and gas
productions increased steadily, and large-scale development and
utilization of coal-bed methane were conducted.
In 2005, China's total trade volume
of mineral commodities exceeded US$300 billion, and its imports of
large-tonnage scarce mineral commodities continued to increase. The
2005 imports of some mineral commodities are shown below: 126.82
million tons of crude oil, 275.23 million tons of iron ore, 4.58
million tons of manganese ore, 3.02 million tons of chromite ore,
4.06 million tons of copper ore, and 9.17 million tons of potash
fertilizer. Prices of mineral commodities kept rising. There
occurred a surplus of production capacity for part of the raw and
processed materials such as steel products. The profits of mining
enterprises declined. Most mineral commodities tended to attain a
balance between the supply and demand, but a short supply occurred
with natural gas.
III.??
Marine Resources
The total output value of China's main marine industries reached
1,698.7 billion yuan（～US$212.3 billion）with the added value of
720.2 billion yuan（～US$ 90.0 billion）. According to comparable
price calculation, the added value increased by 12.2% as compared
with the previous year and was equivalent to 3.95% of China's gross domestic product (GDP) of the
same period. The proportion of the primary to the secondary to the
tertiary marine industry was 17:31:52. The added value of the
primary marine industry was 120.6 billion yuan（～US$15.1
billion）, that of the secondary 223.2 billion yuan（～US$27.9
billion）and the tertiary 376.4 billion yuan (～US$47.1 billion).
Various main marine industries maintained a tendency of steady
growth. The coastal tourism, marine fishery (and related
aquaculture), and marine transport and communications, as three
pillar marine industries, occupied nearly three-fourths of the
total output value of the main marine industries, with the coastal
tourism ranking first among the main marine industries. Emergent
marine industries such as marine power generation and sea-water
multi-purpose utilization developed rapidly and their position in
marine economy was gradually raised.
The economy of China's sea areas grew persistently and rapidly.
The total output value of the main marine industries of the
circum-Bohai Sea economic zone was 551.0 billion?yuan（～US$68.9
billion）, accounting for 32.4% of the total output value of China's
industries; the sum of the output values of three pillar marine
industries— marine fishery, coastal tourism and marine transport
and communications— occupied 69.8% of the total output value of the
zone's main marine industries. The total output value of the main
marine industries of the Yangtze River Delta economic zone was
586.0 billion?yuan（～US$73.3 billion）, making up 34.5% of the
total output value of China's main marine industries; the sum of
the output values of the above-mentioned three pillar marine
industries constituted 74.3% of the total output value of the
zone's main marine industries. The total output value of the main
marine industries of the Pearl River Delta economic zone was 300.0
billion yuan（～US$37.5 billion）, amounting to 17.7% of the total
output value of China's main marine industries; the sum of the
output values of five pillar marine industries — coastal tourism,
marine fishery, marine power, marine oil and gas, and marine
transport and communications — accounted for 93.9% of the total
output value of the zone's main marine industries.
The marine management began to proceed in conformity with the
law. New progress was made in the management of sea areas. The
Interim Measures for the Management of Specially Protected Sea
Areas was promulgated, regularizing the procedures of application
for such protected sea areas. A total of 6,887 licenses for sea
area use were issued; the right of use was established for 273,000
hectares of sea areas; and 1.05 billion yuan（～US$131 million）of
fees for using sea areas was collected. The compilation of
provincial-level marine functional divisions and related
application for approval were further pushed forward. Law
enforcement and supervision on sea were constantly intensified. In
the year 2005, 12,226 projects of various kinds were inspected and
decisions of administrative penalty for 1,869 cases were made.
The survey of sea area boundaries was steadily promoted. A total
of 120 boundaries of inter-county marine administrative divisions
were surveyed and defined, accounting for 50% of China's total of such boundaries. The offshore
investigation of boundaries of inter-provincial marine
administrative divisions was fully accomplished, and relevant
provincial people's governments formally signed the Agreement on
the Boundaries of Marine Administrative Divisions for the northern
Tianjin-Hebei line, the southern Tianjin-Hebei line and the
Guangdong-Guangxi line.
China's sea areas whose water failed
to attain the quality standards of clean sea water totaled 139,000
km2 , and the general pollution status of China's sea areas did not
take a turn for the better.
Measures on preventing and mitigating marine hazards were
further improved. In 2005, 82 red tides were reported in China's
sea areas, a 15% decrease over the previous year, and the
cumulative area of the red tides was about 27,070 km2 , basically
equaling that of the previous year; and direct economic losses
caused by them exceeded 69 million yuan (～US$8.6 million).
IV.???
Land and Resources Survey
Major results were achieved in land and resources survey. Great
progress was made in fundamental geological investigation, with the
geological service field constantly expanded and reinforced. The
1:250,000 regional geological survey in the blank areas of the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was fully completed. In the period
1999-2005,110 quadrangles of 1:250,000 regional geological survey
were plotted for the blank areas, covering 1.52 million km2 ; a
full coverage of China's terrestrial territory by medium-scale
geological survey was accomplished; a lot of valuable new data of
petrology, tectonics, stratigraphy, and paleontology, etc. of the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were obtained; a batch of new concepts
concerning frontier scientific issues were achieved; and more than
10 important, considerably large minerogenic belts of iron, copper,
and boron, etc. were discovered. In 2005, the MLR completed 110,000
km2 of 1:250,000 regional geological survey, 419,000 km2 of
amendment survey, 278,000 km2?of 1:1,000,000 regional gravity
survey, 34,000 km2 of 1:200,000 regional gravity survey, 11,000 km2
of 1:200,000 regional geochemical survey, and 26,200 km2 of
1:50,000 aerial remote-sensing survey. In respect to marine
geological investigation, it completed 3,776 km of multi-channel
seismic survey, 2,076 km of gravity survey and 5,528 km of
multi-beam survey. The Ministry also carried out a multi-target
geochemical investigation, which played an important part in
promoting agricultural restructuring, agro-productive efficiency
increase and farmers' income growth. The first agricultural
geological investigation project— Agro-geological Investigation in
Zhejiang Province— was comprehensively implemented, resulting in
the survey of a total area of 43,600 km2 which constituted 86.5% of
the province's farmland, the collection of 66,000 samples and the
acquisition of 1.26 million firsthand data. The basic conditions of
quality of the agricultural land in Zhejiang Province were ascertained. The
comprehensive remote-sensing survey of land and resources carried
out at the provincial level was fully completed, and that covering
China's terrestrial territory was accomplished in an all-round way.
Consequently, substantial results were scored in the aspects of
land resources, mineral resources, water resources, tourism
resources, forest resources, geological hazards, geological
structures and regional stability, and ecological environment; and
a management and service system of provincial-level comprehensive
remote-sensing survey of land and resources was established. These
provided basic and accurate data for the planning of national and
regional economy and society, the management of land and resources
and the sustainable development of society.
New advances were made in marine geological investigation. The
gas hydrate survey in China's sea areas
was further promoted, expanding the country's prospective areas of
gas hydrate resources, delineating most promising key target areas
on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea and
locating the first batch of well sites for drilling.
Major achievements were obtained in the exploration of solid
mineral resources. In the porphyry copper enrichment belt of Xianggelila County, Yunnan Province, 35 ore
deposits or occurrences were discovered; the regional prospective
resources were expected to exceed 5.00 million tons; and the
exploration and development of the Pulang copper deposit and its
peripheral copper deposits or occurrences would greatly accelerate
the regional socio-economic development. The funds for ore
exploration and development introduced into the Pulang copper
deposit alone reached 1.5 billion??
yuan（～US$187.5 million）. Significant progress was
made in the exploration of the Qulong copper deposit in Maizhokunggar County, Tibet, leading to the
control of more than 1 million tons of copper resource. And its
periphery has a great potential for ore prospecting. The copper
resource of the Dobzha copper deposit in Tibet was estimated at 2
million tons, making it a potential superlarge deposit, and the
Saijial and Tiegelong ore districts at its periphery were promising
for porphyry copper exploration. In the tin field in Hunan Province
more than 30 tin veins were discovered and its predicted
prospective resource of tin was 0.50 million tons and that of
tungsten, over 0.30 million tons. In the stratabound Pb-Zn deposit
in western Hubei, more than130 occurrences were found, and its
predicted Pb-Zn resource exceeded 5.00 million tons. In the
Baiganhu W-Sn deposit in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 3 W-Sn
segments were demarcated and 29 ore veins were controlled by
engineering, with the estimated tungsten resource being over
300,000 tons.
Investigation and evaluation of groundwater resources were
carried out effectively. Remarkable efficiency was achieved in
groundwater exploration in China's
western areas where water was in grave shortage. Breakthrough
successes were scored in groundwater exploration in the Ordos
Basin. A total of 143 prospective water sources for centralized
water supply were delineated throughout the basin, thus ensuring
water resources supply for the construction of local energy and
chemical-industry bases and the protection of local ecological
environment. Marked social efficiency was gained through
demonstration of water exploration in red beds in Sichuan Province,
and over 335,000 small-diameter water wells were drilled and
constructed in 35 counties or towns, making it possible for 1.17
million farmers of the water-scarce red-bed areas to have clean
water to drink. These efforts had led to the solution of the thorny
problem of acute drinking water shortage faced by humans and
domestic animals and having lasted for nearly half a century, and
therefore made a contribution to the construction of new socialist
countryside.
Significant progress was made in the respect of public service
of geological investigation data. China
published for the first time the data of 1:200,000 geochemical
prospecting. In 2005, the Chinese Geological Survey disclosed the
service information on the first batch of data of geological
investigation results, including 25,000 sorts of geological data of
open results, 8 sorts of geological data of database results, and
60,000 sorts of geological data of confidential results. In
November 2005, the Survey disclosed the service information of the
second batch of data of geological investigation results, of which
the 1:200,000 geochemical data not shared by the public in previous
years were offered for public use, giving important information to
mining investors for selecting ore exploration targets, and winning
universal commendation.
New results were obtained in the monitoring of urban land prices
and market. According to regular and selected-point monitoring in
China's 51 key cities, the general price per square meter of land
in major cities in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters was 1,212,
1,225, 1,233 and 1,251 yuan （～151, 153, 154 and 156 US dollars）,
respectively, representing an increase of 1.21%, 0.92%, 0.67% and
1.42%.?Compared with the corresponding period of the previous
year, the prices of general?? land, commercial
land, residential land, and industrial land of urban areas grew by
4.44%, 3.70%, 5.67% and 2.37%, respectively. The dynamic monitoring
of land market was further extended to cover more than 1,000
counties, cities and prefectures. The publication of information
was promoted steadily. A total of 21,066 public notices about land
supply, as well as 40,999 pieces of information of land
transaction, were published.
The level of dynamic remote-sensing monitoring of land use was
further enhanced. The MLR accomplished the evaluation of the
dynamic remote-sensing monitoring of land use conducted in the 10th
Five-Year Plan period; worked out a program for the 11th Five-Year
Plan period; in coordination with law enforcement and inspection
officials, carried out the monitoring of land-use change in 8
cities; and using the method of comparison between corresponding
periods, conducted remote-sensing monitoring of newly added
construction land in 10 districts of Beijing and Hangzhou. It
fulfilled the task of monitoring in cities with a population of
more than 0.5 million, with the total monitored land of 106,200 km2
, which was distributed in 285?districts or counties under 55
cities; established the National Rapid Inquiry and Browsing System
of Dynamic Remote-sensing Monitoring of Land Use; set up the
Database of Control Points of Remote-sensing Imagery for Cities
with a Population of over 0.5 Million; and compiled and published
the Atlas of Dynamic Remote-sensing Monitoring of Land Use in
China's Cities with a Population over 0.5 Million.
V.??????
Geological Environment and Geological Hazard Control
The State Council promulgated and put into effect the National
Emergency Plan for Unexpected Geological Hazards, under which the
MLR worked out the Rapid Disposal Procedures for Damages and
Dangers Caused by Geological Hazards.
More than 40,000 stations for public monitoring and prevention
of geological hazards were set up throughout the country and a
national online releasing system for information of public
monitoring and prevention of hazards was developed. Pilot operation
of the first nationwide distance consultation on geological
emergencies was successfully carried out. Monitoring of and warning
against geological hazards were conducted effectively, leading to
the dodge of 500 geological hazards, the safe relocation of 11,376
people and the stave-off of property losses of 341 million
yuan（～US$42.6 million）. Geological hazards causing casualties or
direct economic losses of more than
500,000?yuan（～US$62,500）totaled 854 throughout China. These
hazards caused 1,021 casualties, including 578 deaths, 104 missing
persons and 339 injuries. The direct economic losses brought about
by them amounted to 3.65 billion yuan（～US$456 million）, and the
total losses incurred in 7 provinces —Anhui, Guangdong, Yunnan,
Sichuan, Fujian, Liaoning and Hubei— accounted for 91.7% of the
total of China.
The second-phase geological hazard control project for the Three
Gorges Reservoir area was completed and passed the State-level
check and acceptance. Engineering projects were implemented at
plenty of sites, including 163 ones for controlling collapses and
landslides, 71 ones for protecting banks that were prone to
collapse, 147 ones for repairing and reinforcing high cut slopes,
and 803 ones for consolidating deep foundations. Part of the
projects for relocating residents and avoiding harms were
accomplished. The third-phase emergency control project of
geological hazards was fully demonstrated, and related control work
was started in an all-round way.
Significant progress was made in the monitoring of ground
subsidence in the Yangtze River Delta. A joint conference on the
monitoring of ground subsidence in the Yangtze River Delta and a
discussion on the prevention and control of ground subsidence were
held. The Notice on Ground Subsidence and Groundwater Environment
Status in the Yangtze River Delta was circulated. Monitoring
results indicated that the ground subsidence in the delta generally
tended to ease up. Interim results were obtained in the
investigation and monitoring of ground subsidence in the North
China Plain.
Monitoring of groundwater was persistently carried out in major
cities and plain areas; the development of three State-level
groundwater monitoring demonstration areas (Beijing, Jinan and Urumqi) was emphatically
promoted; and the quality of the monitoring network and the level
of automatic monitoring were greatly enhanced. A trial operation of
China's groundwater information network had begun.
Data of groundwater level monitoring in China's 160 cities showed that by comparison
with the previous year, the groundwater level exhibited a tendency
of rise in 38 cities, remained basically stable in 96 cities, and
assumed a general trend of fall in 26 cities. Data of groundwater
quality monitoring suggested that as compared with the previous
year, the groundwater pollution was aggravated in 21 cities, the
water quality or pollution essentially kept stable in 123 cities
and the water pollution tended to ease in 14 cities.
Geological environmental investigation of mines in various
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government was essentially completed, and planning of
environmental protection and control for provincial-level mines was
carried out. A central budgetary appropriation of 753.31 million
yuan（～US$94 million）was made for the projects of mine environment
control. The qualification license of national mine park was
approved for and granted to 28 units which had applied for such a
license.
Protection of geological relics was strengthened and a central
budgetary appropriation of 96.00 million yuan（～US$12 million）was
made for geological relic protection projects. The construction of
geoparks continued to proceed steadily. Four national geoparks —
the Yandang Mountain Geopark in Zhejiang, the Taining Geopark in
Fujian, the Hexigten Geopark in Nei Mongol and the Xingwen Geopoark
in Sichuan — were approved as world geoparks by the UNESCO.
Fifty-three national geoparks were newly approved, bringing the
total number of national geoparks in China to 138.
Significant progress was made in the protection of
paleontological fossils. A national seminar on the protection and
management of paleontological fossils and a forum on the
construction and management of national geoparks of the
paleontological fossil type were held. The exit/entry permit system
for paleontological fossils was improved and the procedures for
examining and approving the exit and entry of such fossils were
standardized. In 2005, a total of 6 batches of paleontological
fossils were examined and approved for going out of China for exhibition. In cooperation with the
Australian government, the MLR cracked down trans-boundary
smuggling and illegal trading of paleontological fossils. The
Australian government turned over to China for the first time a
group of precious paleontological fossils.
Protection of geothermal and mineral-water resources was further
intensified. Activities of naming "China
Geoheat City" and "China Hot-spring Home" were initiated. Three
sites — Qionghai in Hainan Province, Xiaotangshan in Beijing, and
Chenzhou in Hunan Province — were examined and approved as "China
Hot-spring Home".
VI.???
Science and Technology and Informatization of Land and
Resources
Scientific and technological innovation of land and resources
was constantly promoted. The Chinese Continental Scientific
Drilling Project was completed successfully, achieving innovative
results and significant scientific findings. Major breakthroughs
were scored in a series of national scientific and technological
projects of the 10th Five-Year Plan. Projects of the National "973"
Program passed the acceptance and interim evaluation organized by
the Ministry of Science and Technology; major advances were
achieved in marine resources development of the National "863"
Program; and projects of the National Program for Tackling Key
Scientific and Technological Issues proceeded smoothly. Scientific
research tasks of the 9 special projects and more than 40 key
projects designated by the 10th Five-Year Plan for Scientific and
Technological Development of the MLR were basically fulfilled,
reaping rich fruits. A lot of excellent scientific and
technological results were popularized in the fields of resources
survey, geological hazard monitoring and geological and mineral
investigations and evaluations. Ten first-class awards and 61
second-class awards of the Scientific and Technological Achievement
Prize of Land and Resources were assessed and granted. Collection
and integration of scientific and technological results were
strengthened. Projects of the "Three-River" Cu-Au-Polymetallic
Metallogenic System in Southwestern
China and Related Exploration and Evaluation and the Stability
Evaluation and Hazard Control of High Side-Slopes in Southwestern
China won first-class awards of the State Scientific and
Technological Progress Prize.
The MLR actively participated in the formulation of the scheme
for the State's 11th Five-Year Science and Technology Plan;
organized and compiled the Guide to the Registration of Scientific
Research Projects of the 2006 Investigation and the Guide to the
Registration of Digital Land and Resources Projects; launched the
expert appraisal and on-site evaluation of the second batch of 17
ministerial centers of quality supervision, inspection and test;
worked out the national standards for land and resources
classification and a series of technical specifications and
standards for geological investigation, geological environment
management, mining right filing, etc.; fully pushed forward the
informatization of land and resources; and formally started the
first-phase construction of the Golden Land Project. It also deeply
implemented the "Ten Measures" and "Five Bans" formulated by
itself; made new progress in the disclosure on the Internet of
administrative information; and accomplished the development of its
foundation platform for e-government, making it possible to run
main administrative affairs of land and resources on the Internet.
Furthermore, the MLR promoted in an all-round way the construction
of the State-level Land and Resources Data Center; established and
put into operation a group of basic databases; preliminarily built
up the trunk network of land and resources; put into use a video
conference system; further improved the properties of the website
of its own, providing increasingly rich information; and made its
foreign website one of the main channels for publicizing
administrative information of land and resources. The scientific
and technological results network timely made known to the public
the scientific and technological achievements of land and resources
and regularly published the information on the new trends and
advances of scientific and technological work.
The land and resources website was trial-operated, providing a
characteristic service to the general public.
The MLR strengthened international exchange and cooperation,
successfully held the China International Mining Conference 2005,
and pushed forward bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
Cooperation with foreign countries in geological survey and mineral
development abroad achieved substantial progress. Going out of
China for professional training and
introducing into China experts and technical know-how were further
reinforced.
VII. Land and
Resources Management
Land and resources planning was carried forward in an all-round
way. The critical strategic research on the 11th Five-Year Plan of
Land and Resources was completed and the Program of the 11th
Five-Year Plan of Land and Resources was formulated. Antecedent
work of the amendment to the national general plan of land use was
conducted in a down-to-earth manner and that of the amendment to
the provincial general plans was arranged comprehensively. Pilot
amendment to land-use plans at various levels was constantly
promoted. The implementation of the 10th Five-Year Plan for mineral
resources exploration and for land and resources survey was
evaluated. The 11th Five-Year Plan for Land and Resources Survey
and the Program of Mineral Resources Exploration for Rejuvenating
Old Industrial Bases in Northeast China
(Draft) were worked out, and the Program for Exploration of Backup
Mineral Resources for China's Resource-deficient Mines was
implemented. The planning of land in Tianjin and Shenzhen was
essentially completed on a trial basis, that in Liaoning and
Xinjiang was pushed forward in perfect order, that in Guangdong was
formally started, and that of the whole country was studied
intensively at its early stage. The third-term international
training course of land planning was run successfully.
The MLR actively improved and participated in the
macro-regulation; implemented the principle of supplying land
according to different needs, i.e. ensuring adequate supply of land
for important projects but reducing the supply for less important
ones; strictly examined and approved the supply of construction
land that was newly added; and guaranteed the supply of land
essential to the State's key projects. The State Council approved
851 projects of construction land, of which 460 were key ones in
bad need of land. The MLR, in conjunction with the Ministry of
Construction, the National Development and Reform Commission, the
Ministry of Finance, the People's Bank of China, the State Taxation
Administration and the China Banking Regulatory Commission
formulated the "Opinions on Improving the Work of Stabilizing
Housing Prices". Of the total of land supplied throughout 2005, the
stock land accounted for 56% and the newly added land constituted
44%. A relatively balanced allocation of land among all trades and
industries was achieved and the structure of land supply for real
estate development was further optimized. In 2005, 43.3% of the
supplied land was for industrial facilities, mines and storehouses,
30.6% for real estates and 26.1% for other purposes.
Achievements of land market rectification were further
consolidated and enhanced. The State Council's General Office
disseminated the Notice about Opinions on Prompting State-level
Economic Technological Development Zones to Further Raise Their
Development Levels formulated jointly by the Ministry of Commerce,
the MLR and the Ministry of Construction, with the purpose of
further intensifying the management of land use in State-level
economic technological development zones. The MLR issued the Urgent
Notice about Rigorously Banning the Illegal Action of "Replacing
Expropriation with Renting" in Land Use; carefully defined the
exact limits of economic technological development zones; completed
the examination and verification of land-use plans of the zones;
cut 10 such zones and reduced 5,200 km2 of land on the basis of the
clear-up and rectification conducted in 2004. The Ministry
preliminarily established a warning and predicting system of land
use for State-level economic technological development zones and
accomplished the monitoring and analysis of land use in 160 such
zones all over the country. During the 2005 nationwide
investigation of illegal land-use cases, 80,427 cases were put on
file for inquiry, 79,763 cases were settled, 6,992.87 hectares of
land were withdrawn, and 2.176 billion yuan（～US$272 million）was
confiscated.
The MLR actively safeguarded the legal rights and interests of
the people. It issued the Notice on the Formulation of Uniform
Annual Output Value Standards for Land Expropriation and on the
Comprehensive Pricing of Land in Areas Where Land Is Requisitioned;
and improved the standards for compensation of land expropriation.
In the process of examining the construction land to be submitted
to the State Council for approval, the MLR maintained a stringent
land-supply standard and increased the compensation fees of 230
million yuan（～US$28.8 million）for farmers who had?their land
expropriated. Together with the Ministry of Supervision, the
Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security
and the State Auditing Administration, the MLR made the correction
of the error of infringing upon farmers' interests in land
collection and expropriation. It strengthened the administrative
review of land and resources issues, with emphasis on
administrative supervision and relief by different authorities at
various levels. The "rejection by one vote" principle was exercised
in handling the land-use issues raised by people in their letters
or on their visits to higher authorities, and 10% of the
construction land applications failed to pass the examination. In
2005, 24,700 cases of land right dispute were mediated and 88.21%
of them were successfully handled and resolved. The number of cases
of visiting higher authorities for help and intervention, induced
by State-owned land right disputes, were reduced by over 50% as
compared with the corresponding period of 2004.
The order of mineral resources exploration and development was
rectified and regularized in an all-round way. The State Council's
Notice of Fully Rectifying and Regularizing Mineral Resources
Development Order was implemented. The MLR and the National
Development and Reform Commission, together with the Ministry of
Public Security, the Ministry of Supervision, the Ministry of
Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration of
Industry and Commerce, the State Environmental Protection
Administration and the State Administration of Work Safety,
established and organized the Inter-ministerial Joint Conference to
direct the nationwide rectification of mineral resources
development order and strengthen the joint enforcement of law. In
conjunction with the National Development and Reform Commission and
other administrative departments, the MLR delivered the Notice of
Fully Launching the Rectification and Regularization of Mineral
Resources Development Order and earnestly carried out the "Three
Checks" work. It standardized, according to law, the industrial
norms of geological exploration, extensively pushed forward the
qualification registration of geological exploration enterprises
and issued the Notice on Some Issues of Regularizing the Rights of
Exploration and Mining Licenses. The MLR, together with the
National Development and Reform commission, dispatched the Notice
of Nationwide Special Inspection of the Recovery of Coal Resources
and made such an inspection in 27 coal-producing provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government. It improved and rectified the oil exploration and
mining order and participated in the improvement of the public
order in China's oil-producing areas. In
2005, 17,767 cases of illegal mineral exploration and mining were
put on file for investigation, 17,121 cases were settled, 8
exploration licenses and 249 mining licenses were revoked, and 213
million yuan（～US$26.6 million）was confiscated.
A system of exercising administration in accordance with the law
was taking shape in land and resources management. The modern
administration procedure with power restriction as its core was
constantly improved; a new work system with high efficiency and
with people's benefits as its basis was fully established; the
lawful decision-making mechanism with the public participation as
the guarantee for its operation was further improved; a market
allocation of resources based on fairness and justice was carried
out completely; a breakthrough advance was achieved in the
functional transformation with administrative innovation as its
goal; an administrative "relief" system aiming at safeguarding
people's rights and interests was being formed; the fundamental
work of running administration according to law, driven by reform
and innovation, was intensified; and the mechanism of running
administration according to law, characterized by coordination and
cooperation, was relatively mature.
VIII.???????????
Surveying and Mapping Management and Services
New success was scored in social services by the surveying and
mapping sector. In 2005, the sector provided to society relevant
services totaling 2.38 billion yuan（～US$297.5 million）in value,
including 619,000 sheets of topographic maps of various types,
126,000 quadrangles of digital maps, data of 86,000 geodetic survey
points and about 574,000 aerial photographs. It compiled and
published 2,164 kinds of maps and books concerning administrative
divisions, teaching, tourism, etc, totaling 170 million copies or
sheets; organized the development of a batch of maps urgently
needed by governmental departments and related sectors in their
scientific decision-making; and established a managerial system
based on geographic information, thus ensuring the needs of
surveying and mapping data by national and local key engineering
projects.
The legal system for surveying and mapping was further improved.
Hebei, Jilin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shandong, Chongqing,
Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Qinghai and other provinces, autonomous
regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government
revised and published the Regulations (Measures) for Surveying and
Mapping Management. A total of 23 provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government completed the
revision of the Local Regulations (Measures) for Surveying and
Mapping Management since the 2002 revision of the Surveying and
Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China.
Fundamental surveying and mapping work was constantly
strengthened. New progress was made in the construction of the
geographic space framework of the "Digital China". The 1:50,000
national basic geographic information database was essentially
completed. A group of 1:10,000 provincial-level and large-scale
municipal- and county-level basic geographic information databases
were completed or updated. Numerous national topographic maps at a
basic scale were drawn through topographic survey. The geographic
information distribution and service system based on the Internet
was put into trial operation. The project of "1:50,000 Topographic
Mapping of Blank Areas in the Western Region" was formally put on
file for implementation with approval from the State Council. A
large-scale geodetic survey of the Mount
Qomolangma area and the measurement of the elevation of Mount
Qomolangma were conducted. With approval and authorization from the
State Council, the surveying and mapping sector announced to the
world that the recently measured elevation of Mount Qomolangma was
8,844.43 m. The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping and the
Ministry of Civil Affairs jointly compiled and published the Atlas
of Administrative Divisions of the People's Republic of China. A
large group of surveying and mapping scientific research projects
of the 10th Five-Year Plan passed examination and evaluation and
were accepted. The projects of "Service Technology and
Industrialization of Spatial Information Network" and "Automatic
Synthesis Technology and Application of Spatial Data" won
second-class awards of the State Scientific and Technological
Progress Prize.
The surveying and mapping market was further regularized. The
Notice of Opinions on Strengthening the Publicity and Education of
National Territory Awareness and the Supervision of Map Market
issued by the General Office of the State Council was implemented.
The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, together with the
Publicity Department of the CCCPC and the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, launched the activities of publicity and education of
national territory awareness, leading to further enhancement of
such awareness among Chinese citizens. The Bureau also issued,
jointly with the Press and Publication Administration and the
Ministry of Information Industry, the Notice of Strengthening the
Management of Online Maps, further improving the management of
online maps. The Bureau continued to improve the supervision of the
cartographic market. The administrative authorities of surveying
and mapping at all levels investigated and dealt with a total of
over 440 illegal cartographic cases and sealed up and confiscated
257,000 illegal cartographic products. The nationwide reexamination
and certificate renewal of surveying and mapping qualifications
were completed. The number of qualified surveying and mapping units
exceeded 9,100 at the end of 2005.
Strategic research and planning of surveying and mapping were
carried out steadily. The strategic research on the development of
surveying and mapping was continued. The Strategic Program of
Development of the Surveying and Mapping Cause was further revised
and improved. The National Program for Long- and Medium-term
Development of Basic Surveying and Mapping, as well as the 11th
Five-Year Program for Surveying and Mapping Development, was
compiled. Most of China's provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government had drawn up their basic surveying and mapping plans and
their 11th five-year plans of development in surveying and
mapping.
Notes:
1. Figures shown in this communiqué are preliminary
statistical data.
2. The national statistical data involved in this communiqué,
except for the area of territory, do not include the figures of the
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special
Administrative Region and Taiwan
Province.
(Source: Ministry of Land and Resources of China)
