十一屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)工作報(bào)告（全文）
Full text: NPC Work Report
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 二、過(guò)去五年工作的基本總結(jié) | II. Review of the Work in the Past Five Years |
| 堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度，做好新形勢(shì)下人大工作，是黨和人民賦予我們的光榮使命。在以往各屆特別是十屆全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)工作的基礎(chǔ)上，十一屆全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度的自覺(jué)性，努力工作，積極探索，不斷豐富人民代表大會(huì)制度的理論與實(shí)踐，積累了新的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了人大工作新局面。在工作中，大家體會(huì)最深的是以下六個(gè)方面。 | It is a glorious mission entrusted to us by the Party and the people to adhere to and improve the system of people's congresses and do the NPC's work well in the new situation. On the foundation of the work of past NPCs and their Standing Committees, especially the Tenth NPC and its Standing Committee, the Eleventh NPC and its Standing Committee adhered to and improved the system of people's congresses more consciously, worked hard, made active explorations, and enriched the theory and practice of the system. They accumulated fresh and valuable experience and ushered in a new stage in the NPC's work. In our work, what we developed the deepest understanding of was these six points. |
| （一）牢牢把握人大工作正確的政治方向。全國(guó)人大是最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)，在國(guó)家政治生活中發(fā)揮著重要作用。堅(jiān)持正確政治方向，是做好人大工作的根本，事關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的前途命運(yùn)。我們始終堅(jiān)持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀(guān)為指導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國(guó)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，牢牢把握人大工作正確政治方向，并貫穿于行使職權(quán)的全過(guò)程，落實(shí)到履行職責(zé)的各方面。 |
1. Keeping to the correct political orientation for the NPC's work The NPC is the highest body of state power and plays an important role in the political life of the country. Keeping to the correct political orientation is the basis for doing the NPC's work well and affects the future and destiny of the country and the nation. We always followed the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development; unwaveringly took the path of making political advances with Chinese characteristics; upheld the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and the rule of law; adhered to the correct political orientation for the NPC's work; and implemented these principles throughout the whole course and in every aspect of performing duties. |
| 一是堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，以全心全意為人民服務(wù)為根本宗旨，黨的主張凝聚了全黨全國(guó)人民的集體智慧，體現(xiàn)了最廣大人民的共同意愿。我們自覺(jué)堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)人大工作的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，貫徹黨的基本理論、基本路線(xiàn)、基本綱領(lǐng)、基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)、基本要求，落實(shí)中央重大決策部署，使黨的主張通過(guò)法定程序成為國(guó)家意志，使黨組織推薦的人選通過(guò)法定程序成為國(guó)家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人員，從法律上制度上保證黨的路線(xiàn)方針政策貫徹落實(shí)，保證黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用充分發(fā)揮，確保人大各項(xiàng)工作，無(wú)論是立法、監(jiān)督工作，還是決定重大事項(xiàng)、行使人事任免權(quán)，都有利于加強(qiáng)和改善黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，有利于鞏固黨的執(zhí)政地位，有利于保證黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民有效治理國(guó)家。 | First, we upheld the leadership of the Party. The CPC is the firm leadership core of socialism with Chinese characteristics and it takes serving the people wholeheartedly as its fundamental purpose. The Party's stand pools the wisdom of all its members and the whole country, and represents the common aspirations of the overwhelming majority of the people. We consciously upheld the Party's leadership over the NPC's work; implemented its basic theories, line, program, experience and requirements; carried out major decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee; turned the views of the Party into the will of the state through statutory procedures; and placed people recommended by the Party organization in leadership positions in bodies of state power through statutory procedures. We provided legal and institutional guarantees that the Party's line, principles and policies were implemented, and ensured that the Party fully played its role as the leadership core in exercising overall leadership and coordinating everyone's efforts. We ensured that all the work of the NPC, be it legislation, oversight, deciding major issues, or exercising the power to appoint and dismiss personnel, was conducive to strengthening and improving the Party's leadership, consolidating its position as the governing party and guaranteeing that the Party led the people in effectively governing the country. |
| 二是堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義是黨和人民長(zhǎng)期實(shí)踐取得的根本成就，是當(dāng)代中國(guó)發(fā)展進(jìn)步的根本方向，只有中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義才能發(fā)展中國(guó)。我們堅(jiān)定對(duì)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信，牢牢把握社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段基本國(guó)情，緊緊圍繞全面建成小康社會(huì)奮斗目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則，堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展，著力改善民生，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，及時(shí)將改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)上升為法律，推動(dòng)憲法和法律有效實(shí)施，推動(dòng)中央重大決策部署貫徹落實(shí)，充分發(fā)揮最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)在堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大實(shí)踐中的保障和促進(jìn)作用。 | Second, we adhered to and developed socialism with Chinese characteristics. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a fundamental achievement the Party and the people made through practice over a long period of time and it is the basic orientation for contemporary China's development and progress. Only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China. We had firm confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, kept firmly in mind China's basic condition of still being in the primary stage of socialism, focused on the goal of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, kept economic development as the central task, adhered to the Four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, pursued development in a scientific way, strived to improve people's wellbeing, and promoted social harmony. We incorporated into law our practical experience in reform, opening up and socialist modernization in a timely manner; gave impetus to the effective enforcement of the Constitution, laws and major decisions and arrangements of the central leadership; and made full use of our role as the highest body of state power in ensuring and advancing the great practice of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. |
| 三是堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度。我國(guó)是工人階級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的、以工農(nóng)聯(lián)盟為基礎(chǔ)的人民民主專(zhuān)政的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。人民代表大會(huì)制度是體現(xiàn)我國(guó)國(guó)家性質(zhì)、保證人民當(dāng)家作主的根本政治制度，也是黨在國(guó)家政權(quán)中充分發(fā)揚(yáng)民主、貫徹群眾路線(xiàn)的最好實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。我們深刻認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)制度的本質(zhì)特征，理直氣壯地堅(jiān)持自己的特色、發(fā)揮自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)，不斷推進(jìn)人民代表大會(huì)制度自我完善和發(fā)展；充分認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)制度與西方資本主義國(guó)家政體的本質(zhì)區(qū)別，堅(jiān)決抵制各種錯(cuò)誤思想理論影響，在重大原則問(wèn)題上立場(chǎng)堅(jiān)定、旗幟鮮明。我們借鑒人類(lèi)政治文明有益成果，但絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。 | Third, we adhered to and improved the system of people's congresses. China is a socialist country with a people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on an alliance of workers and farmers. The system of people's congresses is the fundamental political system that reflects the nature of China as a state and ensures that the people determine their own destiny. It is also the best possible way for the Party to fully bring democracy into play and implement the mass line in wielding state power. We fully understood the intrinsic nature of China's system of people's congresses, confidently made the most of these characteristics and our strengths, and carried out self-improvement and self-development of the system. We fully understood the essential difference between China's system of people's congresses and Western capitalist countries' systems of state power, resolutely resisted the influence of all kinds of erroneous thought and theories, and maintained a firm and clear position on major issues of principle. We drew on the political achievements of other societies, but never copied the model of Western political systems. |
| （二）緊緊圍繞黨和國(guó)家工作大局開(kāi)展人大工作。人大工作是黨和國(guó)家工作的重要組成部分，涉及中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局的方方面面，事關(guān)改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的順利進(jìn)行。只有服從服務(wù)于黨和國(guó)家工作大局，人大工作才能取得黨和人民滿(mǎn)意的效果。我們始終從黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)發(fā)展的全局來(lái)謀劃和推進(jìn)人大工作，依據(jù)人大工作定位和特點(diǎn)，統(tǒng)籌安排立法、監(jiān)督等各項(xiàng)工作，集中力量、突出重點(diǎn)、務(wù)求實(shí)效，著力推動(dòng)中央重大決策部署貫徹落實(shí)。 |
2. Focusing on the overall work of the Party and country in doing the NPC's work The NPC's work is an important part of the Party and country's work. It touches on every aspect of the overall development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and bears on the smooth advance of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Our work can satisfy the Party and the people only by being subordinate to and serving the overall work of the Party and country. We always planned and carried out the NPC's work in reference to the overall development of the Party and country's cause, coordinated our legislative and oversight work on the basis of the role and characteristics of the NPC's work, concentrated our strengths, set priorities, sought real results, and worked to spur the implementation of major policies and arrangements of the central leadership. |
| 一是緊扣加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式這條主線(xiàn)，推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展。針對(duì)我國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、科技創(chuàng)新能力不強(qiáng)、現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展滯后等突出矛盾以及國(guó)際金融危機(jī)的沖擊和影響，常委會(huì)在每年聽(tīng)取審議計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況報(bào)告的同時(shí)，專(zhuān)門(mén)安排聽(tīng)取審議應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、“十一五”規(guī)劃綱要實(shí)施情況中期評(píng)估以及服務(wù)業(yè)、旅游業(yè)發(fā)展等報(bào)告，檢查科技進(jìn)步法實(shí)施情況，修改專(zhuān)利法等。常委會(huì)組成人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，我國(guó)粗放型增長(zhǎng)方式已經(jīng)難以為繼，加快經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整刻不容緩，國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊使得調(diào)整的任務(wù)更為凸顯、更加緊迫。要正確處理解決當(dāng)前困難與實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，化嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)為發(fā)展機(jī)遇，變市場(chǎng)壓力為調(diào)整動(dòng)力，牢牢把握擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需這一戰(zhàn)略基點(diǎn)，把更多精力放到提高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的質(zhì)量和效益上來(lái)，使應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊的過(guò)程成為增強(qiáng)發(fā)展可持續(xù)性的過(guò)程。一要加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，大力發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和先進(jìn)制造業(yè)，推動(dòng)企業(yè)向產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和利潤(rùn)高端調(diào)整。二要大力發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)特別是現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，促進(jìn)制造業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與服務(wù)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，提高服務(wù)業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重。三要完善以企業(yè)為主體、市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系，推進(jìn)科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)、科技與金融緊密結(jié)合，加大科技投入，著力突破關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，加快科技成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化，加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)更多依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)。 | First, keeping to the main thread of accelerating the change of the growth model, we worked for development in a scientific manner. In light of China's prominent problems, such as a skewed industrial structure, weak capability for scientific and technological innovation, and lagging development of modern service industries, and in response to the impact of the global financial crisis, the Standing Committee, in addition to annually deliberating reports on the implementation of the plans for national economic and social development, also listened to and deliberated reports on responding to the financial crisis, changing the growth model, adjusting the economic structure, developing the service and tourism industries, and the progress report on the implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. It also investigated compliance with the Law on Scientific and Technological Progress and revised the Patent Law. Members of the Standing Committee stressed that China's extensive growth model had already become unsustainable, it was imperative to accelerate economic structural adjustment, and this task had been made more prominent and urgent by the global financial crisis. We should strike a balance between solving immediate difficulties and achieving long-term development, transform serious challenges into development opportunities, transform market pressure into an impetus for adjustment, adhere to the strategic focus of boosting domestic demand, and work harder than before to raise the quality and performance of economic growth, so that the process of combating the global financial crisis becomes a process of making our development more sustainable. One, we should accelerate transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, endeavor to develop strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries, and elevate enterprises higher up industrial chains and make them more profitable. Two, we should energetically develop service industries, especially modern service industries, integrate their development with that of manufacturing and modern agriculture, and increase their share of the economy. Three, we should improve the technological innovation system that assigns enterprises the leading role, gets its orientation from the market, and connects enterprises, universities and research institutes together, closely integrate science and technology with industry and banking, scale up investment in science and technology, strive to make breakthroughs in key and core technologies, quicken the pace of industrial application of scientific and technological advances, and strengthen IPR protection, to make economic growth more innovation-driven. |
| 完善社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，促進(jìn)公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)和非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，是加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的重要內(nèi)容。十屆全國(guó)人大制定的物權(quán)法，體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，確立了平等保護(hù)物權(quán)的原則。本屆常委會(huì)制定企業(yè)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)法，保護(hù)國(guó)有資產(chǎn)權(quán)益，防止國(guó)有資產(chǎn)流失。還聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)有企業(yè)改革與發(fā)展、促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展等報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)要毫不動(dòng)搖發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)國(guó)有資本向重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域集中，深化國(guó)有企業(yè)改革，健全國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管體制和國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算制度，營(yíng)造有利于國(guó)有企業(yè)改革發(fā)展的良好輿論環(huán)境，不斷增強(qiáng)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)控制力、影響力；要毫不動(dòng)搖發(fā)展非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，著力改善中小企業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境，拓寬融資渠道，放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)。 | Improving the socialist market economy and promoting coordinated development of the public and non-public sectors of the economy are an important aspect of accelerating the change of the growth model. The Property Rights Law, enacted by the Tenth NPC, reflects our basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism and establishes the principle of equal protection of property rights for all. The Standing Committee of the Eleventh NPC enacted the Law on State-Owned Assets of Enterprises, which protects the rights and interests of state-owned assets and prevents their loss. After listening to and deliberating reports on reforming and developing state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and advancing development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we emphasized the need to unswervingly develop the public sector, concentrate state-owned capital in important industries and key areas, deepen SOE reform, improve the oversight system for state-owned assets and the budget system for state capital operations, cultivate public opinion favorable for SOE reform and development, and increase the capacity of the state-owned sector to exercise control and influence. We also stressed the need to unwaveringly develop the non-public sector; work hard to improve the development environment of SMEs; broaden their financing channels; relax restrictions on their market access; and ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal protection of the law. |
| 常委會(huì)始終把推動(dòng)解決“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題擺在重要位置。制定農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)糾紛調(diào)解仲裁法，修改農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣法，檢查農(nóng)業(yè)法等5部涉農(nóng)法律實(shí)施情況，聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)家糧食安全、農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、促進(jìn)農(nóng)民穩(wěn)定增收等6個(gè)報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)要落實(shí)最嚴(yán)格的耕地保護(hù)制度，切實(shí)保障農(nóng)民土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)，加大對(duì)糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)投入，提高農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率，發(fā)展專(zhuān)業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)?；?、集約化生產(chǎn)；完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，加大財(cái)政“三農(nóng)”投入，加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)，支持農(nóng)民多渠道轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)，推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化。 | The Standing Committee always placed importance on spurring the resolution of problems related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We enacted the Law on Mediation and Arbitration of Rural Land Contract Management Disputes; revised the Law on Disseminating Agricultural Technology; investigated compliance with the Agriculture Law and four other agriculture-related laws; and listened to and deliberated six reports on such issues as national food security, irrigation and water conservancy, and ensuring steady increase of farmers' income. We emphasized the need to implement the system of providing the strictest possible protection for farmland; effectively protect farmers' contracted land-use rights; increase investment in main grain-producing areas and in construction on irrigation and water conservancy facilities; increase the share scientific and technological advances contribute to agricultural development; and develop specialized, standardized, large-scale, and intensive production. We also stressed the need to improve the policy of boosting agriculture, benefiting farmers and increasing rural prosperity; increase government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers; strengthen development of modern agriculture; support farmers in finding nonagricultural employment through multiple channels; develop a new socialist countryside; and promote integrated development of urban and rural areas. |
| 針對(duì)資源環(huán)境約束加劇的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，常委會(huì)制定循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法，修改可再生能源法、水土保持法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法，聽(tīng)取審議環(huán)境保護(hù)、水污染防治、土地和礦產(chǎn)資源管理等報(bào)告，開(kāi)展環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)法、清潔生產(chǎn)促進(jìn)法、節(jié)約能源法執(zhí)法檢查，從法律層面和工作層面促進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展、循環(huán)發(fā)展、低碳發(fā)展，推進(jìn)社會(huì)主義生態(tài)文明建設(shè)。結(jié)合聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化工作情況報(bào)告，常委會(huì)作出關(guān)于積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的決議，進(jìn)一步明確我國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的指導(dǎo)思想、基本原則和措施要求，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則，同國(guó)際社會(huì)一道積極應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化。國(guó)務(wù)院高度重視貫徹常委會(huì)的決議，提出我國(guó)控制溫室氣體排放行動(dòng)目標(biāo)，既維護(hù)了我國(guó)的發(fā)展權(quán)益，又展示了良好的國(guó)際形象，得到國(guó)際社會(huì)的廣泛好評(píng)。 | In response to the severe challenges brought on by intensifying resources and environmental constraints, the Standing Committee enacted the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy and revised the Law on Renewable Energy, the Law on Water and Soil Conservation, and the Law on Promoting Clean Production. It listened to and deliberated reports on environmental protection, prevention and control of water pollution, and management of land and mineral resources, and it investigated compliance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Law, the Law on Promoting Clean Production and the Energy Conservation Law. All this work promoted green, circular and low-carbon development and socialist ecological progress by legislative means. After listening to and deliberating the State Council's report on its response to climate change, the Standing Committee adopted a resolution on actively addressing climate change, which further defined the guiding thought, basic principles and required measures in this area, and stressed the need to adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and to actively cope with global climate change together with the international community. The State Council attached great importance to implementing this resolution and set forth action targets for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, which not only safeguarded China's development interests, but also projected its good image in the world and won widespread acclaim from the international community. |
| 為貫徹黨的十七屆六中全會(huì)精神，常委會(huì)聽(tīng)取審議文化體制改革、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展等報(bào)告，并制定非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)法，開(kāi)展文物保護(hù)法執(zhí)法檢查。常委會(huì)組成人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，促進(jìn)文化大發(fā)展大繁榮，要堅(jiān)持社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化前進(jìn)方向，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)持把社會(huì)效益放在首位，繼續(xù)深化體制機(jī)制改革，完善公共文化服務(wù)體系，大力發(fā)展文化事業(yè)，積極發(fā)展文化產(chǎn)業(yè)，弘揚(yáng)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，更好地滿(mǎn)足人民精神文化需求。 | To implement the guiding principles of the Sixth Plenary Session of the Party's Seventeenth National Congress, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports on reform of the cultural system and development of the cultural industry. It enacted the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law and investigated compliance with the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics. Standing Committee members emphasized that to achieve great cultural development and enrichment, it is necessary to adhere to the orientation of advanced socialist culture and the socialist path of making cultural advances with Chinese characteristics, give high priority to social benefits, continue to deepen reform of cultural institutions and mechanisms, and improve the system of public cultural services. They also emphasized the need to greatly develop cultural programs, actively develop the cultural industry, promote fine traditional Chinese culture, and better satisfy people's intellectual and cultural needs. |
| 二是圍繞加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新社會(huì)管理，促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。為推進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依法規(guī)范有序運(yùn)行，保護(hù)公民個(gè)人及法人電子信息安全，作出關(guān)于加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息保護(hù)的決定。近些年來(lái)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展、廣泛運(yùn)用，對(duì)促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用，同時(shí)也帶來(lái)很多嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。社會(huì)各方面強(qiáng)烈呼吁加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)管理、嚴(yán)厲打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)違法犯罪，全國(guó)人大代表也多次提出議案建議，要求盡快制定網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全方面的法律。常委會(huì)認(rèn)真總結(jié)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展和管理的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，分析國(guó)外網(wǎng)絡(luò)立法情況，廣泛聽(tīng)取各方面意見(jiàn)，以法律形式保護(hù)公民個(gè)人及法人電子信息安全，確立網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份管理制度，明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供者的義務(wù)和責(zé)任，并賦予政府主管部門(mén)必要的監(jiān)管手段。常委會(huì)的決定對(duì)促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧，維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和政治穩(wěn)定，確保國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安具有重要意義。 | Second, we strengthened and made innovations in social management in order to promote social harmony and stability. We adopted a decision to strengthen Internet information protection in order to ensure the law-based and orderly operation of the Internet and protect the security of the electronic information of citizens and legal persons. In recent years, the fast development and wide application of network technologies has been instrumental in stimulating economic and social development, but it has also given rise to many serious problems. There were extensive and loud calls in society for stronger social management of the Internet and crackdown on cybercrime. NPC deputies also put forth many bills and proposals, and demanded that a law on cyber security be enacted as soon as possible. The Standing Committee thoroughly reviewed practical experience in developing and managing the Internet, analyzed other countries' legislation concerning the Internet, and solicited opinions from all sectors, and on this basis used statutory means to protect the security of the electronic information of citizens and legal persons and established the online ID management system. It spelled out the obligations and responsibilities of Internet service providers and conferred necessary means of oversight and supervision on competent government departments. This decision of the Standing Committee is of great significance for promoting social harmony, safeguarding national security and political stability, and ensuring enduring peace and stability of the country. |
| 常委會(huì)制定人民調(diào)解法，總結(jié)人民調(diào)解工作積累的好經(jīng)驗(yàn)好做法，從法律上完善這一具有中國(guó)特色的非訴訟糾紛解決方式，明確人民調(diào)解與其他糾紛解決機(jī)制的關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)對(duì)人民調(diào)解工作的支持和保障，努力將民間糾紛和社會(huì)矛盾化解在基層，解決在萌芽狀態(tài)。為預(yù)防和減少因醫(yī)療損害、環(huán)境污染、產(chǎn)品缺陷等引發(fā)的社會(huì)矛盾，在侵權(quán)責(zé)任法中對(duì)歸責(zé)原則、賠償范圍及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等作出明確規(guī)定，更好地起到平衡利益、定分止?fàn)幍淖饔?。為?qiáng)化公共安全體系建設(shè)，及時(shí)修改道路交通安全法和消防法，聽(tīng)取審議相關(guān)工作報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅(jiān)持警鐘長(zhǎng)鳴、常抓不懈，加大交通肇事行為處罰力度，加大人員密集場(chǎng)所消防設(shè)施建設(shè)，大力整治安全隱患，切實(shí)保障人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。為推動(dòng)加強(qiáng)基層社會(huì)管理服務(wù)，開(kāi)展城市社區(qū)建設(shè)有關(guān)問(wèn)題專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，強(qiáng)調(diào)要充分發(fā)揮我國(guó)的政治優(yōu)勢(shì)和制度優(yōu)勢(shì)，強(qiáng)化基層黨政組織、城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)群眾自治組織社會(huì)管理和公共服務(wù)職能，努力提高社會(huì)管理科學(xué)化水平。 | In enacting the People's Mediation Law, the Standing Committee reviewed the good experience and methods of people's mediation, incorporated into law this uniquely Chinese way of resolving disputes without recourse to litigation, clarified its relationship with other mechanisms for resolving disputes, and strengthened support and guarantees for the work of people's mediation, so as to resolve people's disputes and social problems at the community level and nip them in the bud. To prevent and reduce social problems arising from medical misadventures, environmental pollution and defective products, the Standing Committee defined the principle of liability attribution and the scope and standards of compensation in the Law on Tort Liability, which will better help balance interests and resolve disputes. In order to strengthen the public safety system, we revised the Road Traffic Safety Law and the Fire Protection Law in a timely manner, and listened to and deliberated relevant work reports. We stressed the need to keep alert to potential risks, tirelessly deal with them, mete out heavier penalties to perpetrators of traffic accidents, better equip places with a high concentration of people with firefighting equipment, and eliminate latent hazards, in order to effectively protect people's lives and property. In order to enhance social management and services at the community level, we carried out investigations and studies on problems related to urban community development, and emphasized the need to make full use of China's political and institutional strengths, make community-level Party and government organizations and urban and rural community-based self-governing organizations better able to exercise social management and provide public services, and strive to make social management more scientific. |
| 三是抓住改革發(fā)展面臨的深層次矛盾，推動(dòng)重要領(lǐng)域改革。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入不斷增加、生活水平不斷提高，但收入分配領(lǐng)域也逐漸積累了一些突出矛盾和問(wèn)題。合理調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系，既是事關(guān)全局的一項(xiàng)重大改革，也是轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的客觀(guān)需要。常委會(huì)對(duì)此高度重視，2010年將國(guó)民收入分配問(wèn)題作為調(diào)研的重點(diǎn)課題，提出盡快制訂收入分配改革方案的意見(jiàn)和建議，為中央研究編制“十二五”規(guī)劃提供重要參考。2011年又著重就提高居民收入在國(guó)民收入分配中的比重、提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重、規(guī)范收入分配秩序、強(qiáng)化稅收調(diào)節(jié)作用等問(wèn)題，組織開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，要求有關(guān)方面認(rèn)真落實(shí)“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要確定的目標(biāo)任務(wù)，盡快扭轉(zhuǎn)收入差距擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)，形成合理有序的收入分配格局，使發(fā)展成果惠及全體人民。 | Third, we helped advance reform in key areas with the focus on recondite problems in reform and development. Since the adoption of reform and opening up, the income of both urban and rural residents has risen and their lives have improved. However, some prominent conflicts and problems have emerged in income distribution. Properly adjusting income distribution is not only a major reform bearing on the overall situation, but also an objective requirement for changing the growth model. The Standing Committee attached great importance to this issue. In 2010, it listed national income distribution as a key topic for investigation and study, and made suggestions on formulating a plan as soon as possible for carrying out income distribution reform, which served as important reference material for the central leadership in drawing up the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. In 2011, the Standing Committee organized and carried out investigations and studies on raising the proportion of individual income in the national income, increasing the proportion of work remuneration in primary distribution, improving the way income is distributed and making better use of taxation in adjusting income. We called on everyone involved to conscientiously attain the objectives and fulfill the tasks of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, narrow the growing income gap as soon as possible, and form a reasonable and orderly pattern of income distribution, so that everyone shares in the fruits of development. |
| 針對(duì)調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些地方政府融資平臺(tái)公司數(shù)量多、舉債融資不規(guī)范、不少地區(qū)和行業(yè)償債能力弱等問(wèn)題，我們及時(shí)提出要高度重視防范和化解地方政府性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。國(guó)務(wù)院于2010年12月部署地方政府性債務(wù)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)審計(jì)，并在2011年的審計(jì)工作報(bào)告中向常委會(huì)匯報(bào)了專(zhuān)項(xiàng)審計(jì)情況；與此同時(shí)，我們就化解地方政府性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研。常委會(huì)組成人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，要抓緊清理地方政府融資平臺(tái)公司，對(duì)已形成的地方政府性債務(wù)要區(qū)別情況、分類(lèi)處理，逐步化解地方政府性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；地方政府性債務(wù)收支要納入預(yù)算，接受同級(jí)人大審查和監(jiān)督，地方各級(jí)預(yù)算要按照量入為出、收支平衡的原則編制，不能打赤字。 | In light of problems we found during investigations and studies such as too many local government financing corporations, insufficient standardization of debt financing, and the inability of many regions and industries to repay their debts, we proposed that the government should work to guard against and defuse local government debt risks. The State Council began auditing local government debt in December 2010 and reported the results to the Standing Committee in its 2011 report on auditing work. At the same time, we conducted investigations and studies on how to defuse local government debt risks. Members of the Standing Committee stressed the need to promptly put local government financing corporations in order, deal with existing local government debts on the basis of their circumstances and type, and gradually defuse local government debt risks. They also stressed the need for local governments to include revenue and expenditures of their debts in their budgets and subject them to review and oversight by the people's congress at the same level, and for local governments to prepare their budgets on the basis of the principle of balancing accounts by keeping expenditures within the bounds of revenue and not allowing a deficit. |
| 建立健全縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制，關(guān)系到國(guó)家基層政權(quán)建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展大局。針對(duì)一些地方縣級(jí)財(cái)政困難，2008年常委會(huì)在審查中央決算時(shí)提出，要力爭(zhēng)用2至3年時(shí)間建立起以保工資、保運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、保民生為目標(biāo)的縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制。隨后，就這個(gè)問(wèn)題多次開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，并在2012年聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院相關(guān)報(bào)告。常委會(huì)組成人員對(duì)這些年縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障工作取得的積極進(jìn)展給予充分肯定，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)要進(jìn)一步合理界定縣級(jí)政府支出責(zé)任，提高一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比重，大力發(fā)展縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)，健全中央和地方財(cái)力與事權(quán)相匹配的體制，增強(qiáng)基層政府提供基本公共服務(wù)的能力。 | Establishing a sound mechanism to ensure basic funding for county-level governments is essential for strengthening them and carrying out overall economic and social development. To help county-level governments that have financial difficulties, when examining the final accounts of the central government in 2008, the Standing Committee declared that a mechanism ensuring payment of wages and salaries, normal government operations and people's wellbeing should be established within two to three years to ensure basic funding for county-level governments. Then we conducted many investigations and studies, and listened to and deliberated the State Council's report on this issue in 2012. While fully affirming the positive results in ensuring basic funding for county-level governments, members of the Standing Committee emphasized the need to properly define the spending responsibilities of county-level governments, raise the proportion of general transfer payments, vigorously develop county economies, progressively establish a system in which the financial resources of the central and local governments are in line with their responsibilities, and make these governments better able to provide basic public services. |
| 2008年5月四川汶川特大地震災(zāi)害發(fā)生后，我們按照中央部署緊急行動(dòng)，第一時(shí)間召開(kāi)委員長(zhǎng)會(huì)議，聽(tīng)取國(guó)務(wù)院專(zhuān)題匯報(bào)，根據(jù)特事特辦原則，立足災(zāi)區(qū)實(shí)際需要，建議動(dòng)用中央預(yù)算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金，建立災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建基金；6月份的常委會(huì)會(huì)議，專(zhuān)門(mén)聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院抗震救災(zāi)工作報(bào)告并作出決議，全力支持國(guó)務(wù)院和有關(guān)方面的工作，動(dòng)員全國(guó)人民支援災(zāi)區(qū)、共克時(shí)艱，并批準(zhǔn)2008年中央預(yù)算調(diào)整方案，為抗震救災(zāi)及恢復(fù)重建提供資金保障；12月份的常委會(huì)會(huì)議，在總結(jié)抗震救災(zāi)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)防震減災(zāi)法作出重大修改，為抗震救災(zāi)及恢復(fù)重建提供法律保障。 | In the wake of the massive earthquake that hit Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, in May 2008, we sprang into action under the direction of the central leadership and held a meeting of the Chairperson's Council to listen to the State Council's report on the earthquake. On the basis of the principle of taking special measures in special situations, we proposed that the central budget stabilization fund should be used to establish a fund for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction to meet the actual requirements of earthquake-devastated areas. At its June meeting, the Standing Committee listened to the State Council's report on earthquake relief and adopted a resolution to fully support the work of the State Council and other parties and called on people throughout the country to support earthquake-hit areas and get through the hard times together. At the meeting we also approved the revision of the 2008 central budget to ensure funding for earthquake relief and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Based on its review of the practical experience in earthquake relief, the Standing Committee made major revisions at its December meeting to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, thereby providing legal guarantees for earthquake relief and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)基本法、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)基本法的解釋權(quán)屬于全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)。常委會(huì)審議通過(guò)關(guān)于香港特別行政區(qū)基本法第十三條第一款和第十九條的解釋?zhuān)鞔_國(guó)家豁免屬于外交事務(wù)范疇、決定國(guó)家豁免規(guī)則和政策屬于中央的權(quán)力、香港特別行政區(qū)須遵循國(guó)家統(tǒng)一的國(guó)家豁免規(guī)則和政策。這是第一次由香港特別行政區(qū)終審法院在審理案件過(guò)程中，就基本法有關(guān)中央人民政府管理的事務(wù)和中央與特別行政區(qū)關(guān)系的條款，提請(qǐng)全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)進(jìn)行解釋。常委會(huì)審議通過(guò)關(guān)于澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)基本法附件一第七條和附件二第三條的解釋?zhuān)鞔_修改澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官和立法會(huì)產(chǎn)生辦法的程序，并在認(rèn)真審議澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官提出的有關(guān)報(bào)告基礎(chǔ)上，作出關(guān)于澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)2013年立法會(huì)產(chǎn)生辦法和2014年行政長(zhǎng)官產(chǎn)生辦法有關(guān)問(wèn)題的決定。還分別對(duì)香港特別行政區(qū)、澳門(mén)特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官和立法會(huì)產(chǎn)生辦法修正案給予批準(zhǔn)或備案。常委會(huì)作出的有關(guān)解釋和決定，確保了“一國(guó)兩制”方針貫徹落實(shí)，確保了兩個(gè)基本法全面正確實(shí)施。 | The power to interpret the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) belongs to the NPC Standing Committee. The Standing Committee examined and approved the interpretations of Paragraph 1 of Article 13 and of Article 19 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and made it clear that state immunity falls under the category of diplomatic affairs, that the power to decide rules and policies concerning state immunity belongs to the central government, and that the HKSAR must abide by unified state rules and policies on state immunity. This was the first time the Court of Final Appeals of the HKSAR, in the course of adjudicating a case, requested the Standing Committee to render an interpretation concerning articles of the Basic Law pertaining to matters administered by the Central People's Government and relations between the central government and the special administrative region. The Standing Committee also examined and approved the interpretations of Article 7 of Annex I and Article 3 of Annex II of the Basic Law of the MSAR to clarify the procedures for revising the methods for selecting the Chief Executive of the MSAR and forming its Legislative Council. On the basis of careful deliberation of a report by the Chief Executive of the MSAR, the Standing Committee adopted a decision on the methods for forming the Legislative Council of the MSAR in 2013 and selecting its Chief Executive in 2014. The Standing Committee approved or kept on file the amendments to the methods for selecting the chief executives of the HKSAR and MSAR and forming their legislative councils. These interpretations and decisions of the Standing Committee ensured the implementation of the principle of "one country, two systems" and the comprehensive and correct implementation of the two basic laws. |
| （三）把維護(hù)最廣大人民根本利益作為人大工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)。在我國(guó)，國(guó)家的一切權(quán)力屬于人民，人民是國(guó)家和社會(huì)的主人。人民通過(guò)各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)行使國(guó)家權(quán)力，管理國(guó)家和社會(huì)事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)。我們始終堅(jiān)持人民主體地位，堅(jiān)持走群眾路線(xiàn)，從人民的實(shí)踐創(chuàng)造中汲取智慧，從人民的發(fā)展要求中獲得動(dòng)力，努力使人大各項(xiàng)工作更好地反映民意、集中民智、貼近民生，實(shí)現(xiàn)好維護(hù)好發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益。 |
3. Making safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people the starting point and objective of the work of the NPC In China, all state power belongs to the people, and the people are the masters of the country and society. The people exercise state power and manage state and societal affairs and economic and cultural undertakings through people's congresses at all levels. We always upheld the principal position of the people, adhered to the mass line, derived wisdom from their practices and creations, and drew motivation from their demands for development. We worked hard to make the NPC's work better reflect the sentiments of the people, pool their wisdom and show concern for their wellbeing; and to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. |
| 一是健全民主制度，發(fā)展人民民主。選舉權(quán)是人民當(dāng)家作主的基本權(quán)利。我們貫徹落實(shí)黨的十七大精神，修改選舉法，實(shí)行城鄉(xiāng)按相同人口比例選舉人大代表，保證各民族、各地區(qū)、各方面都有適當(dāng)數(shù)量的人大代表，更好地體現(xiàn)人人平等、地區(qū)平等、民族平等。提出做好全國(guó)縣鄉(xiāng)人大換屆選舉和全國(guó)人大代表選舉工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，就十二屆全國(guó)人大代表選舉的有關(guān)法律問(wèn)題作出決定。各地堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、充分發(fā)揚(yáng)民主、嚴(yán)格依法辦事，全國(guó)縣鄉(xiāng)人大換屆選舉順利完成，十二屆全國(guó)人大代表順利產(chǎn)生，代表結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，為堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的組織保障。 | First, we improved democratic institutions and developed people's democracy. The right to vote is the people's basic right as masters of the country. Following the guiding principles of the Seventeenth CPC National Congress, we revised the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses to ensure that deputies to people's congresses are elected based on the same population ratio in both urban and rural areas, and that people's congresses have an appropriate number of deputies from every ethnic group, region and sector, in order to more fully embody equality between all people, regions and ethnic groups. We formulated guidelines on electing new people's congresses at county and township levels across the country and electing deputies to the NPC, and made a decision on legal issues concerning the election of deputies to the Twelfth NPC. All localities upheld the leadership of the Party, brought democracy into full play, and strictly complied with the law, and on that basis smoothly completed the election of their new county and township people's congresses and elected their deputies to the Twelfth NPC. The deputy mix was further improved. This provided a firm organizational guarantee for upholding and improving the system of people's congresses. |
| 基層民主制度是人民依法直接行使民主權(quán)利的重要制度保障。常委會(huì)修改村民委員會(huì)組織法，完善村委會(huì)選舉和罷免程序，健全村民會(huì)議、村民代表會(huì)議等民主議事制度，強(qiáng)化信息公開(kāi)、村務(wù)監(jiān)督、民主評(píng)議等方面規(guī)定，保證基層群眾更好地行使民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監(jiān)督的權(quán)利。檢查工會(huì)法實(shí)施情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)要全心全意依靠工人階級(jí)，健全企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度，保障職工的知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、表達(dá)權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)。 | Community-level democracy is an important institution ensuring that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee revised the Organic Law of Villagers' Committees, improved procedures for electing and dismissing members of villagers' committees, enhanced democratic procedural systems such as villagers' congresses and villagers' conferences, and strengthened regulations on transparency in and oversight and democratic discussion of village affairs, in order to ensure that villagers better exercise their right to conduct democratic elections, decision-making, administration and oversight. We investigated compliance with the Trade Union Law, stressed the need to rely on the working class wholeheartedly, and improved the democratic management system of enterprises and public institutions to ensure their employees' right to stay informed about, participate in, express views on and oversee their organization's affairs. |
| 二是加強(qiáng)社會(huì)領(lǐng)域立法和監(jiān)督，保障和改善民生。為推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)，常委會(huì)制定社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)法，明確國(guó)家建立基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療和工傷、失業(yè)、生育等社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度，并對(duì)群眾最為關(guān)心的基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)，提高基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金統(tǒng)籌層次，建立新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度和新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度等作出原則規(guī)定。修改老年人權(quán)益保障法，適應(yīng)我國(guó)人口老齡化趨勢(shì)，確立社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系的基本框架，逐步提高老年人保障水平。聽(tīng)取審議農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)、社會(huì)救助工作情況報(bào)告，要求加快實(shí)現(xiàn)新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全國(guó)覆蓋，逐步提高新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，盡快解決失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障等問(wèn)題，切實(shí)保障城鄉(xiāng)生活困難群眾基本生活。還組織有關(guān)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)就農(nóng)村社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)開(kāi)展跟蹤檢查，并聽(tīng)取審議跟蹤檢查報(bào)告，有力地推動(dòng)了相關(guān)工作，新農(nóng)保參保人數(shù)從2010年初的3326萬(wàn)人增加到2012年底的4.6億人。 | Second, we strengthened social legislation and oversight to safeguard and improve people's wellbeing. The Standing Committee enacted the Social Insurance Law to advance development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents. The law clearly states that the state establishes a social security system that includes basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance. In addition, the Standing Committee also set forth provisions in principle on how to transfer basic old-age insurance accounts between localities, which is of the greatest concern to people; turn over unified management of basic old-age insurance funds to higher-level authorities; and establish a new old-age insurance system for rural residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system. In response to the aging of the population, we revised the Law on Guaranteeing the Rights and Interests of Senior Citizens so as to create the basic framework for a system of social services for seniors and progressively raise the level of guarantees. We listened to and deliberated reports on development of the rural social security system and on social aid, and set forth the requirements of quickly achieving full coverage of the new old-age insurance for rural residents, progressively raising government subsidies for subscribers to the new rural cooperative medical care system, providing social security for landless rural residents as soon as possible, and ensuring that poor urban and rural residents can meet basic living expenses. We organized an NPC special committee to make a follow-up investigation on development of the rural social security system, and listened to and deliberated their investigative reports. All this greatly spurred rural social security work, and the number of subscribers to the new rural old-age insurance system increased from 33.26 million at the beginning of 2010 to 460 million at the end of 2012. |
| 住房、醫(yī)療和教育是人民群眾十分關(guān)心的重大民生問(wèn)題。常委會(huì)聽(tīng)取審議城鎮(zhèn)保障性住房建設(shè)和管理、深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革進(jìn)展情況報(bào)告，并開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題詢(xún)問(wèn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)要建立可持續(xù)的保障性住房建設(shè)資金投入機(jī)制，嚴(yán)格區(qū)分保障性住房和改善性住房的界限，建立健全保障性住房公平分配和運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)制，真正使低收入住房困難戶(hù)得到實(shí)惠；醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革要優(yōu)先滿(mǎn)足群眾基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生需求，著力解決群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的“看病難”、“看病貴”問(wèn)題。為規(guī)范義務(wù)教育，十屆常委會(huì)修改了義務(wù)教育法，明確規(guī)定義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)納入財(cái)政預(yù)算，義務(wù)教育不收學(xué)費(fèi)雜費(fèi)，并就此開(kāi)展執(zhí)法檢查，本屆常委會(huì)又開(kāi)展新一輪執(zhí)法檢查，重點(diǎn)推動(dòng)落實(shí)義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制。還聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要實(shí)施情況報(bào)告，強(qiáng)調(diào)要確保2012年國(guó)家財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重達(dá)到4%。 | Housing, medical care and education are major issues concerning the wellbeing of the people and are of great concern to them. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports on building and managing government-subsidized urban housing and on progress in deepening reform of the medical and health care systems; conducted inquiries on these issues; and stressed the need to establish a mechanism of sustainable funding for building government-subsidized housing, strictly differentiate government-subsidized housing from second homes, and establish a sound mechanism for equitable distribution and operation of government-subsidized housing, in order to genuinely benefit low-income people with housing difficulties. The Standing Committee also emphasized that the reform of the medical and health care systems needs to give high priority to meeting people's demand for basic medical and health care and great efforts should be made to solve the problem of unaffordable and inadequate medical services, a problem people are very concerned about. To make compulsory education more standardized, the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC revised the Law on Compulsory Education, which clearly stipulates that funding for compulsory education shall be included in government budgets and students receiving compulsory education shall be exempted from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees. The Standing Committee also investigated compliance with the law. This Standing Committee carried out more investigations for the same purpose, with the focus on promoting the implementation of the mechanism for ensuring funding for compulsory education. We also listened to and deliberated a report on the implementation of the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development, and stressed the need to ensure that government spending on education should account for 4% of China's GDP in 2012. |
| 食品安全、飲用水安全關(guān)系人民群眾身體健康和生命安全。針對(duì)食品非法添加、濫用食品添加劑等突出問(wèn)題，常委會(huì)制定的食品安全法明確規(guī)定，只有在技術(shù)上確有必要、經(jīng)過(guò)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估證明安全可靠的食品添加劑才能使用；確需使用食品添加劑的，必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的品種、范圍和用量。還兩次開(kāi)展食品安全法執(zhí)法檢查，推動(dòng)國(guó)務(wù)院及其有關(guān)部門(mén)健全食品安全統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，完善食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)估機(jī)制，開(kāi)展食品非法添加、濫用食品添加劑專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治，依法查處了一批典型案件。為推動(dòng)解決城鄉(xiāng)居民飲用水安全問(wèn)題，在聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院相關(guān)報(bào)告時(shí)，要求切實(shí)加強(qiáng)飲用水水源保護(hù)和管理，積極推進(jìn)農(nóng)村飲用水安全工程建設(shè)和城市供水管網(wǎng)改造，著力提升水源、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)能力和突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置能力。 | Food and drinking water safety is vital to people's health and lives. To address serious problems of illegal use and misuse of food additives, the Standing Committee enacted the Law on Food Safety, which clearly stipulates that food additives may be used only if they are technically necessary and have been proved safe through risk assessment, and that when the use of a food addictive is necessary, the type, scope and concentration of the food additive used must strictly conform with food safety standards. We conducted two rounds of inspections on compliance with the law. On our urging, the State Council and its relevant departments improved the mechanism for coordinating food safety work and the system of food safety standards, created a risk monitoring and assessment mechanism for food safety, carried out a campaign to stop the illegal use and misuse of food additives, and investigated a number of prominent cases and brought the perpetrators to justice in accordance with the law. In order to help solve problems in ensuring drinking water safety for urban and rural residents, when we listened to and deliberated the State Council's report on the issue, we called for effectively strengthening protection and management of drinking water sources, energetically carrying out the project to ensure drinking water safety in rural areas, upgrading urban water supply networks, and improving capabilities to monitor the sources and quality of drinking water and respond to emergencies. |
| 消除貧困、實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，是社會(huì)主義的本質(zhì)要求。為貫徹2011年中央扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作會(huì)議精神，我們把推動(dòng)扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)作為監(jiān)督工作的重要內(nèi)容，深入大別山革命老區(qū)等地，實(shí)地了解連片特困地區(qū)群眾所思所盼，立足當(dāng)前、著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，提出依托本地資源優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展特色農(nóng)業(yè)、開(kāi)展農(nóng)村金融改革試點(diǎn)、建設(shè)工業(yè)園承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移、加強(qiáng)職業(yè)教育、完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等具體措施，并加強(qiáng)同國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)及地方政府的溝通協(xié)調(diào)，推動(dòng)這些重大舉措落到實(shí)處，努力探索革命老區(qū)脫貧致富、科學(xué)發(fā)展的新路子。常委會(huì)還聽(tīng)取審議少數(shù)民族和民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展情況的報(bào)告，組織有關(guān)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)開(kāi)展調(diào)查研究，督促有關(guān)方面認(rèn)真貫徹實(shí)施民族區(qū)域自治法，落實(shí)中央加快民族地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的政策措施，加大在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、基本公共服務(wù)、扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)和生態(tài)保護(hù)等方面的支持力度，推進(jìn)民族地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展。 | Eradicating poverty and bringing prosperity to all is an essential requirement of socialism. In accordance with the guiding principles of the 2011 Central Work Conference on Poverty Alleviation and Development, we made facilitating poverty alleviation and development an important aspect of our oversight work, and travelled to the old revolutionary base area in the Dabie Mountains and other contiguous poor areas to find out what the people there think and expect of the government. Basing ourselves in the present while looking ahead to the future, we proposed specific measures to encourage regions to use their local resource advantages to develop agriculture, launch a trial financial reform in rural areas, develop industrial parks and relocate industries to them, strengthen vocational education, and improve infrastructure. We strengthened communication and coordination with State Council departments and local governments to ensure that these measures were implemented. We did this as part of our efforts to find new ways for old revolutionary base areas to shake off poverty and develop in a scientific way. In addition, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports on the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas; arranged for special committees to conduct investigations and studies on this issue; and urged relevant authorities to earnestly implement the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, carry out the central leadership's policies and measures for accelerating economic and social development of ethnic minority areas, and increase support for these areas to develop their infrastructure, industries with local advantages, and basic public services, and to advance poverty alleviation, development and ecological conservation so they might achieve leapfrog development. |
| 三是完善訴訟、刑事、行政法律制度，尊重和保障人權(quán)。十屆全國(guó)人大通過(guò)的憲法修正案，明確將國(guó)家尊重和保障人權(quán)載入憲法。按照這一憲法原則，我們貫徹中央司法體制改革精神，修改刑事訴訟法，正確處理懲治犯罪與保障人權(quán)的關(guān)系，從證據(jù)制度、辯護(hù)制度、強(qiáng)制措施、審判程序、執(zhí)行程序等方面對(duì)現(xiàn)行刑事訴訟制度作了重要補(bǔ)充和完善。修改民事訴訟法，進(jìn)一步保障民事案件當(dāng)事人訴訟權(quán)利，健全舉證制度，完善調(diào)解與訴訟銜接機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化民事訴訟法律監(jiān)督。為落實(shí)寬嚴(yán)相濟(jì)的刑事政策，十屆常委會(huì)修改的人民法院組織法，將死刑案件核準(zhǔn)權(quán)統(tǒng)一收歸最高人民法院，本屆常委會(huì)審議通過(guò)的刑法修正案(八)，取消13個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)性非暴力犯罪死刑罪名，使我國(guó)刑罰結(jié)構(gòu)更趨合理。行政強(qiáng)制制度和國(guó)家賠償制度直接涉及公權(quán)力的行使和公民合法權(quán)益的保護(hù)。在制定行政強(qiáng)制法和修改國(guó)家賠償法過(guò)程中，堅(jiān)持正確處理權(quán)力與權(quán)利、權(quán)力與責(zé)任的關(guān)系，既賦予國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)必要的權(quán)力，又對(duì)權(quán)力的行使進(jìn)行規(guī)范、制約和監(jiān)督，避免和防止權(quán)力濫用，切實(shí)維護(hù)公民、法人和其他組織的合法權(quán)益。 | Third, we improved the procedural, criminal and administrative legal systems to better respect and protect human rights. The revised Constitution passed by the Tenth NPC categorically stipulates that the state respects and protects human rights. In light of this constitutional principle and the central leadership's guidelines on reforming the judicial system, we revised the Criminal Procedure Law to properly balance punishing crime and protecting human rights, and considerably supplement and improve the current criminal procedure system in terms of the system of evidence, the system of defense, coercive measures, procedures for trials, and procedures for executing judgments. We revised the Civil Procedure Law to better safeguard the procedural rights of parties to civil lawsuits, improve the system of evidence, improve the mechanism for coordinating mediation and litigation, and strengthen oversight of civil litigation proceedings. To implement the penal policy of severity tempered with mercy, the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC revised the Organic Law of the People's Courts so that the Supreme People's Court alone has the power to rule on cases carrying the death penalty, and this Standing Committee deliberated and passed Amendment VIII to the Criminal Law to remove 13 nonviolent economic crimes from the list of capital crimes, thereby making punishment better fit the crime. The administrative enforcement system and the state compensation system directly affect the exercise of public power and the protection of citizens' legitimate rights and interests. We enacted the Law on Administrative Enforcement and revised the Law on State Compensation by striking a proper balance between powers and rights and between powers and responsibilities, and giving state administrative, judicial and procuratorial bodies the powers they require while standardizing, constraining and overseeing their exercise of power, in order to avoid and prevent abuses of power and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. |
| （四）充分發(fā)揮人大代表參與管理國(guó)家事務(wù)的作用。全國(guó)人大代表是最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)組成人員。尊重代表的權(quán)利就是尊重人民的權(quán)利，保障代表依法履職就是保證人民當(dāng)家作主。我們始終把充分發(fā)揮代表作用作為堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度的重要內(nèi)容，在總結(jié)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上修改代表法，進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)代表工作制度化，提高代表服務(wù)保障工作水平，更好地發(fā)揮代表參與管理國(guó)家事務(wù)的作用。 |
4. Getting deputies to the NPC to fully play their role in participating in the administration of state affairs Deputies to the NPC are members of the highest body of state power. Respecting the rights of deputies is tantamount to respecting those of the people, and guaranteeing that deputies perform their duties in accordance with the law is the same as ensuring that the people are masters of the country. We always made getting deputies to fully play their role an important aspect of upholding and improving the system of people's congresses. We revised the Law on Deputies to People's Congresses on the basis of a review of our practical experience, made our work related to deputies more systemic, provided better services for them, and got them to better play their role in participating in the administration of state affairs. |
| 一是保證代表參加行使國(guó)家權(quán)力。出席人民代表大會(huì)會(huì)議，審議和表決各項(xiàng)議案、報(bào)告和其他議題，是代表參加行使國(guó)家權(quán)力的主要形式。為充分保證代表的民主權(quán)利，每次大會(huì)前，組織代表審閱和討論擬提請(qǐng)大會(huì)審議的重要議案，認(rèn)真聽(tīng)取代表意見(jiàn)和建議；會(huì)議期間，堅(jiān)持發(fā)揚(yáng)民主、集思廣益，督促有關(guān)方面根據(jù)代表的意見(jiàn)和建議，修改完善各項(xiàng)議案和報(bào)告；會(huì)議結(jié)束后，及時(shí)將代表審議意見(jiàn)匯總整理，送有關(guān)方面研究改進(jìn)工作。充分保證代表知情知政，及時(shí)向代表提供經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展情況等材料，適時(shí)舉辦形勢(shì)報(bào)告會(huì)，組織代表開(kāi)展集中視察和專(zhuān)題學(xué)習(xí)，幫助代表了解黨和國(guó)家重大決策以及有關(guān)工作進(jìn)展情況，為代表審議好議案和報(bào)告創(chuàng)造條件。 | First, we ensured that deputies to the NPC participated in the exercise of state power. The deputies to this NPC participated in the exercise of state power mainly by attending NPC sessions and deliberating and voting on bills, reports and other matters. To fully ensure the democratic rights of deputies, before NPC sessions we organized them to go over and discuss important bills to be presented to the session for deliberation, and we conscientiously listened to their comments and suggestions on them. During NPC sessions, we promoted democracy, adopted all useful ideas of deputies, and urged relevant parties to revise and improve their bills and reports in light of deputies' comments and suggestions. After NPC sessions, we promptly consolidated and put in order the comments and suggestions of deputies and referred them to relevant parties to study them and make improvements. We made every effort to keep deputies informed of developments in state affairs by promptly providing them with materials on the country's economic and social development, holding meetings as needed to brief them on the situation, and organizing inspection tours and study sessions for them on special topics, and helped them become acquainted with the major decisions of the Party and country and the progress of their work, thereby creating good conditions for them to deliberate bills and reports. |
| 二是增強(qiáng)代表議案和建議辦理實(shí)效。提出議案和建議是代表依法履職的重要內(nèi)容，辦理代表議案和建議是國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的法定職責(zé)。常委會(huì)每年聽(tīng)取審議各專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)關(guān)于代表議案審議結(jié)果的報(bào)告，聽(tīng)取常委會(huì)辦公廳和有關(guān)方面關(guān)于代表建議辦理情況的報(bào)告。代表議案和建議承辦單位注重加強(qiáng)與代表的聯(lián)系，邀請(qǐng)代表參加座談會(huì)和專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，共同研究辦理方案，有關(guān)專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)還加強(qiáng)對(duì)重點(diǎn)辦理代表建議的跟蹤督辦，努力使議案辦理過(guò)程成為提高立法質(zhì)量的過(guò)程，使建議辦理過(guò)程成為推動(dòng)改進(jìn)工作的過(guò)程。職業(yè)病防治法的修改，就吸收了代表提出的明確用人單位責(zé)任、發(fā)揮工會(huì)組織作用、加強(qiáng)工作場(chǎng)所環(huán)境檢測(cè)等意見(jiàn)。寧夏代表團(tuán)建議中提出的保障西海固地區(qū)飲水安全、實(shí)施生態(tài)移民搬遷以及發(fā)展節(jié)水高效農(nóng)業(yè)等問(wèn)題，內(nèi)蒙古代表團(tuán)建議中提出的保護(hù)草原生態(tài)、增加牧民收入等問(wèn)題，經(jīng)過(guò)持續(xù)跟蹤督辦和各方面共同努力，已經(jīng)得到較好解決，一些好的做法還在全國(guó)推廣。這不僅是充分發(fā)揮代表作用的結(jié)果，更是人民當(dāng)家作主的重要體現(xiàn)。 | Second, we handled bills and proposals of deputies more effectively. Submitting bills and proposals is an important way deputies perform their duties in accordance with the law, and it is the legally mandated duty of state bodies to handle their bills and proposals. Every year, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports of special committees on the results of their deliberation of deputies' bills, and listened to reports of the General Office of the Standing Committee and relevant parties on their handling of deputies' proposals. Organizations to which deputies' bills and proposals were referred increased ties with deputies, invited them to participate in symposiums and in investigations and studies on special issues, and worked with them on studying and handling their bills and proposals. Special committees strengthened follow-up oversight of the handling of key proposals and worked to ensure that the handling of bills raised the quality of legislation, and the handling of proposals helped improve work. For example, the Law concerning the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases was revised on the basis of deputies' proposals that the responsibilities of employers be clarified, trade unions play a bigger role, and workplace monitoring be strengthened. The problems of how to ensure safe drinking water in Xihaigu, Ningxia, relocate people for ecological reasons, and develop water-conserving, high-efficiency agriculture, raised by the Ningxia delegation of deputies in its proposals to the NPC, and the problems of how to protect the ecology of grasslands and increase herdsmen's incomes, put forward by the Inner Mongolia delegation in its proposals, have all been solved satisfactorily owing to special committees' continued follow-up oversight and the concerted efforts of everyone involved, and some of the solutions have also been spread throughout the country. This was not only the result of deputies playing their role, but was an important manifestation of the position of the people as masters of the country. |
| 三是擴(kuò)大代表對(duì)常委會(huì)工作的參與。常委會(huì)由代表大會(huì)產(chǎn)生，對(duì)代表大會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)，受代表大會(huì)監(jiān)督。常委會(huì)注重緊緊依靠代表做好各項(xiàng)工作，建立健全代表參與常委會(huì)工作的機(jī)制。在制定立法規(guī)劃和年度立法、監(jiān)督工作計(jì)劃時(shí)，認(rèn)真研究代表議案和建議反映集中的突出問(wèn)題，并作為確定立法和監(jiān)督項(xiàng)目的重要依據(jù)。在開(kāi)展立法、監(jiān)督工作的過(guò)程中，邀請(qǐng)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域和熟悉情況的代表參與立法調(diào)研、專(zhuān)題調(diào)研和執(zhí)法檢查，邀請(qǐng)代表列席常委會(huì)會(huì)議和專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)會(huì)議，重要法律草案還書(shū)面征求全體代表意見(jiàn)，充分采納代表提出的合理建議。列席會(huì)議和參加活動(dòng)的代表精心準(zhǔn)備、積極參與，為提高常委會(huì)工作質(zhì)量發(fā)揮了重要作用。 | Third, we expanded deputies' participation in the work of the Standing Committee. The Standing Committee is formed by the NPC and is responsible to it and subject to its oversight. The Standing Committee relied closely on deputies so it could do its work well and put in place a sound mechanism for deputies' participation in its work. When drawing up legislative plans and annual plans for legislative and oversight work, we carefully studied the major problems deputies most commonly raised in their bills and proposals and took them as an important basis for setting legislative and oversight tasks. In the course of our legislative and oversight work, we invited deputies who are involved in the concerned area or familiar with the issues to participate in investigations and studies of legislative matters or special topics and in investigations of compliance with laws, and to attend the meetings of the Standing Committee and special committees in a nonvoting capacity. In addition, we solicited written opinions on major draft laws from all deputies to the NPC and adopted all their reasonable suggestions. Deputies who attended the meetings in a nonvoting capacity or took part in other activities carefully prepared in advance and actively participated, thus playing an important role in improving the quality of the work of the Standing Committee. |
| 四是密切代表同人民群眾的聯(lián)系。人大代表工作和生活在人民中間，同人民群眾保持著密切聯(lián)系，對(duì)黨和國(guó)家的方針政策、憲法和法律的貫徹實(shí)施體會(huì)最深刻，對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的實(shí)際問(wèn)題、人民群眾的愿望呼聲了解最深入。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)代表聯(lián)絡(luò)服務(wù)工作，在省級(jí)人大常委會(huì)設(shè)立全國(guó)人大代表聯(lián)絡(luò)處，建立健全260多個(gè)全國(guó)人大代表小組，完善代表小組活動(dòng)方式，拓寬代表聯(lián)系人民群眾的渠道，支持代表通過(guò)多種形式聽(tīng)取和反映群眾意見(jiàn)。圍繞改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的重大問(wèn)題，每年組織代表開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，并將調(diào)研報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)交有關(guān)方面研究處理，為黨和國(guó)家決策提供參考。 | Fourth, we forged closer ties between deputies and the people. Deputies work and live among the people and have close ties with them. They fully understand how the principles and policies of the Party and government and the country's Constitution and laws are implemented. They have a thorough knowledge of the practical problems of daily life and what the people want. We strengthened and improved our work of maintaining contacts with and serving deputies, and established contact offices for deputies to the NPC at standing committees of provincial-level people's congresses. We set up over 260 groups of deputies to the NPC and improved the way they carry out activities. We expanded the channels through which deputies maintain contacts with the people, and supported them in listening to and reporting on the people's opinions in a variety of ways. Every year we organized investigations and studies for deputies on major issues affecting reform, development and stability, and referred investigative reports resulting therefrom to relevant parties for study and handling, thereby providing reference information for the Party and government to make decisions. |
| （五）堅(jiān)持民主集中制原則、依法按程序辦事。我國(guó)憲法規(guī)定，國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)行民主集中制原則。人大是國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)，統(tǒng)一行使國(guó)家權(quán)力，國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)都由人大產(chǎn)生，對(duì)它負(fù)責(zé)，受它監(jiān)督。全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)依照憲法和法律的規(guī)定，根據(jù)黨的主張和人民的意愿，通過(guò)制定法律、作出決議，決定國(guó)家大政方針，并監(jiān)督憲法和法律的實(shí)施，監(jiān)督和支持“一府兩院”依法行政、公正司法。我們正確處理人大與“一府兩院”的關(guān)系，做到依法履職、盡職盡責(zé)，但不代行行政權(quán)、審判權(quán)、檢察權(quán)，保證各國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，按照各自職責(zé)和分工，協(xié)調(diào)一致地開(kāi)展工作，共同為建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義服務(wù)。在具體工作中，注意加強(qiáng)與“一府兩院”的溝通協(xié)調(diào)，共同研究解決立法中存在的主要矛盾和問(wèn)題；就執(zhí)法檢查、專(zhuān)題調(diào)研、計(jì)劃和預(yù)算決算初步審查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題與有關(guān)方面交換意見(jiàn)，將常委會(huì)組成人員的審議意見(jiàn)送“一府兩院”研究處理，并要求依法向常委會(huì)報(bào)告研究處理結(jié)果；針對(duì)法規(guī)備案審查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的同憲法和法律相抵觸的問(wèn)題，及時(shí)與制定機(jī)關(guān)加強(qiáng)溝通、提出意見(jiàn)，督促自行修改或廢止。實(shí)踐證明，人大依法加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督，有利于促進(jìn)“一府兩院”改進(jìn)工作，推動(dòng)國(guó)家各項(xiàng)工作法治化；“一府兩院”自覺(jué)接受人大監(jiān)督，有利于依法行政、公正司法，保證人民賦予的權(quán)力始終用來(lái)為人民謀利益。 |
5. Adhering to the principle of democratic centralism and acting in accordance with the law and procedures China's Constitution stipulates that state institutions shall apply the principle of democratic centralism. People's congresses are bodies of state power and exercise state power in a unified way. The administrative, judicial and procuratorial bodies of the state are created by people's congresses and are responsible to them and subject to their oversight. The NPC and its Standing Committee determine the country's policies and principles by enacting laws and adopting resolutions on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution and laws, the standpoints of the Party and the will of the people. They oversee the implementation of the Constitution and laws, oversee and support the State Council in carrying out its administrative functions in accordance with the law, and oversee and support the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate in being fair in exercising their judicial functions. We correctly handle our relationship with the State Council, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. We fully perform our official duties in accordance with the law and do not arrogate the exercise of administrative, judicial or procuratorial power. We ensure that state bodies work in concert and jointly serve building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Party, with each performing its own duties and functions. In our specific work, we strengthened communication and coordination with the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate and worked with them to study and solve major legislative difficulties and problems. We exchanged views with relevant parties on problems we found in our investigations of compliance with laws; investigations and studies on special topics; and preliminary reviews of the plans, budgets and final accounts of the government. We referred the results of these reviews to the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate to study and deal with them, and urged them to report how they did so to the Standing Committee in accordance with the law. When we found regulations conflicting with the Constitution and laws as we reviewed and registered them, we promptly communicated with the bodies that formulated them, offered our comments on them, and urged these bodies to revise or rescind them. Experience has proven that the NPC's intensified, law-based oversight helps improve the work of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate and helps put all the work of the country on a legal footing; and that their willing acceptance of the NPC's oversight helps the State Council to carry out its administrative functions in accordance with the law, helps the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate to be fair in exercising their judicial functions, and ensures that they always use the power the people have given to them in the interests of the people. |
| 人大工作的特點(diǎn)是遵循民主集中制原則，依照法定程序，通過(guò)會(huì)議形式，集體行使職權(quán)，集體決定問(wèn)題。常委會(huì)堅(jiān)持發(fā)揚(yáng)民主，嚴(yán)格依法按程序辦事，保證常委會(huì)組成人員充分發(fā)表意見(jiàn)包括不同意見(jiàn)，在基本達(dá)成共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，依照法定程序、通過(guò)會(huì)議形式進(jìn)行表決，實(shí)行一人一票，按照多數(shù)人的意見(jiàn)作出決定。在具體工作中，充分發(fā)揮協(xié)商民主優(yōu)勢(shì)，對(duì)于意見(jiàn)分歧較大的法律草案和重要事項(xiàng)，采取積極慎重的態(tài)度，需要調(diào)研的深入調(diào)研，需要協(xié)商的耐心協(xié)商，需要論證的充分論證，真正做到集思廣益。還修改常委會(huì)議事規(guī)則、委員長(zhǎng)會(huì)議議事規(guī)則等，進(jìn)一步規(guī)范議事程序、提高議事效率。正是堅(jiān)持充分發(fā)揚(yáng)民主、嚴(yán)格依法按程序辦事，保證了人大通過(guò)的法律、作出的決議更好體現(xiàn)人民的共同意志，更加具有權(quán)威性。 | The characteristics of the NPC's work are that the NPC follows the principle of democratic centralism, and collectively performs its functions and powers and decides matters at meetings in accordance with statutory procedures. The Standing Committee fosters democracy, acts in strict accordance with the law and statutory procedures, and ensures that its members fully express their opinions, including opposing opinions. After we basically reach consensus on matters, we put them to a vote at meetings in accordance with statutory procedures and the principle of one person, one vote, and then make decisions on the basis of the majority vote. In our specific work, we gave full play to the strengths of consultative democracy. When we were very divided over a draft law or another important matter, we adopted a positive yet cautious attitude and when it was necessary, carried out in-depth research, conducted patient consultations or fully debated issues in order to pool the wisdom of everyone. We revised the procedural rules for the Standing Committee and the Chairperson's Council, further standardized procedures, and raised the efficiency of procedures at meetings. It was because we fully fostered democracy and acted in strict accordance with the law and statutory procedures that we ensured that the laws enacted by the NPC and the resolutions it adopted better embodied the common will of the people and were more authoritative. |
| （六）堅(jiān)持從國(guó)情和實(shí)際出發(fā)推進(jìn)人大工作創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新工作方式方法，推動(dòng)人大工作與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，是堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度的內(nèi)在要求，也是做好新形勢(shì)下人大工作題中應(yīng)有之義。我們按照憲法和法律的規(guī)定，堅(jiān)持從國(guó)情和實(shí)際出發(fā)，扎實(shí)有序推進(jìn)人大工作創(chuàng)新，做了大量開(kāi)創(chuàng)性工作，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了工作實(shí)效。 |
6. Carrying out innovation in the NPC's work by proceeding from China's national conditions and realities Creating new work methods and making the NPC's work keep up with the times is an inherent requirement for adhering to and improving the system of people's congresses and is also essential for doing the NPC's work well in the new situation. In accordance with the Constitution and laws, we proceeded from China's national conditions and realities, made solid and orderly progress in making innovations in the NPC's work, did a lot of creative work and made our work more productive. |
| 一是探索科學(xué)立法、民主立法新途徑。健全法律草案公布機(jī)制，法律草案公布實(shí)現(xiàn)常態(tài)化。常委會(huì)審議的法律草案原則上都在中國(guó)人大網(wǎng)上公布，重要法律草案還在主要新聞媒體上公布，廣泛征求社會(huì)各界的意見(jiàn)，同時(shí)健全吸納公眾意見(jiàn)反饋機(jī)制，積極回應(yīng)社會(huì)關(guān)切。這既是擴(kuò)大人民有序參與立法的過(guò)程，也是科學(xué)決策民主決策的過(guò)程，還起到了普及法律知識(shí)的作用。五年來(lái)，先后向社會(huì)公布48件法律草案，共有30多萬(wàn)人次提出100多萬(wàn)條意見(jiàn)。個(gè)人所得稅法修正案草案公布后，收到23萬(wàn)多條意見(jiàn)，在綜合考慮各方面意見(jiàn)基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過(guò)反復(fù)協(xié)商和充分審議，常委會(huì)對(duì)草案作出重要修改，將工薪所得減除費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到3500元，并降低了工薪所得第一級(jí)稅率。 | First, we explored new ways of making legislation more scientific and democratic. We improved the mechanism for releasing draft laws for public comments so that their release became a regular practice. In principle all draft laws under deliberation by the Standing Committee are posted at the NPC's website www.npc.gov.cn, and important ones are also published by China's main media organizations to solicit opinions from all sectors of society. In addition, we improved the feedback mechanism for recommendations from the general public to actively respond to people's concerns. This process expands the people's orderly participation in legislation, makes policymaking more scientific and democratic, and raises people's awareness of the law. Over the past five years, we released 48 draft laws for public comments and over 300,000 people made more than one million comments on them. After we released the draft Law on Personal Income Tax, we received more than 230,000 comments on it. After comprehensively considering these comments and carrying out repeated consultations and thorough deliberation, the Standing Committee made important revisions to the draft to raise the salary threshold for personal income tax to 3,500 yuan and reduce the first bracket tax rate. |
| 開(kāi)展立法后評(píng)估試點(diǎn)，建立立法后評(píng)估工作機(jī)制。選擇科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步法、殘疾人保障法等6部法律，通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、實(shí)地調(diào)研、案例分析等多種形式，對(duì)法律制度的科學(xué)性、法律規(guī)定的可操作性、法律執(zhí)行的有效性等作出客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)，為修改完善法律提供重要依據(jù)。農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣法的修改，就吸收了立法后評(píng)估報(bào)告提出的明確農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣機(jī)構(gòu)公益性質(zhì)、強(qiáng)化公益性農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)等意見(jiàn)，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)了法律的針對(duì)性和可操作性。 | We launched a pilot project for evaluating laws after they are passed and established a mechanism for this purpose. We selected the Law on Scientific and Technological Progress, the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons and four other laws, and objectively evaluated how scientific and practicable they are as well as how effectively they were implemented by means of questionnaires, field investigations and studies, and case studies, thereby providing an important basis for revising them. We revised the Law on Disseminating Agricultural Technology on the basis of recommendations in the evaluation report on it that institutions that disseminate agricultural technology should be nonprofit and that nonprofit services for disseminating agricultural technology should be improved. This made the law more targeted and practicable. |
| 二是創(chuàng)新監(jiān)督工作方式方法。詢(xún)問(wèn)和質(zhì)詢(xún)是人大對(duì)“一府兩院”實(shí)施監(jiān)督的法定形式。常委會(huì)結(jié)合聽(tīng)取審議國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)報(bào)告，分別采取分組會(huì)議、聯(lián)組會(huì)議等形式開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題詢(xún)問(wèn)，邀請(qǐng)國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)主要負(fù)責(zé)同志到會(huì)聽(tīng)取意見(jiàn)、回答詢(xún)問(wèn)，同常委會(huì)組成人員深入交流，共同研究解決問(wèn)題的辦法，同時(shí)通過(guò)電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等媒體進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道和直播，產(chǎn)生積極社會(huì)反響。會(huì)后，選擇常委會(huì)組成人員關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題加強(qiáng)跟蹤監(jiān)督，推動(dòng)有關(guān)方面改進(jìn)工作。 | Second, we created new methods of overseeing the work of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. Inquiries and interrogations are statutory means by which the NPC oversees them. When the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated reports of the State Council, it conducted inquiries on special topics at group meetings or joint group meetings, and invited heads of State Council departments to listen to the comments of its members, answer their inquiries, thoroughly exchange views with them, and work with them to find solutions. In addition, the Standing Committee had these inquiries broadcast live on television and the Internet, and these broadcasts received a positive response from the general public. Following these meetings, it selected key issues of common concern to its members, strengthened follow-up oversight over them and encouraged relevant parties to improve their work. |
| 預(yù)算監(jiān)督是常委會(huì)的重要職權(quán)。為增強(qiáng)監(jiān)督實(shí)效，將以往在6月份常委會(huì)會(huì)議上聽(tīng)取審議中央決算報(bào)告時(shí)一并審議當(dāng)年前5個(gè)月預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況的做法，改為在8月份會(huì)議上專(zhuān)門(mén)聽(tīng)取審議當(dāng)年預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況的報(bào)告，重點(diǎn)審查全國(guó)人大批準(zhǔn)的預(yù)算及預(yù)算決議執(zhí)行情況、中央財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付情況、重點(diǎn)支出資金到位和使用情況等，同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)政府性基金預(yù)算、國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況的監(jiān)督，推動(dòng)建立政府全口徑預(yù)算決算制度。 | An important function and power of the Standing Committee is to oversee central government budgets. In order to make our oversight more effective, we changed the practice of deliberating the implementation of the current year's budget of the central government in the first five months of the year at the same time we listened to and deliberated the final accounts of the previous year's budget at the June meeting of the Standing Committee to listening to and deliberating the implementation of the current year's budget at the Standing Committee's August meeting. We focused on examining the implementation of the budget approved by the NPC and its resolution on it, transfer payments of the central government, and the availability and use of funds for key expenditures. We also strengthened our oversight over the implementation of budgets for government-managed funds and state capital operations and further established a system of incorporating all government revenue and expenditures into government budgets and final accounts. |
| 跟蹤監(jiān)督是這些年人大推動(dòng)解決重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)好辦法。十屆常委會(huì)通過(guò)加強(qiáng)跟蹤監(jiān)督，推動(dòng)解決了拖欠出口退稅、拖欠農(nóng)民工工資、超期羈押等一批長(zhǎng)期得不到解決的問(wèn)題。本屆常委會(huì)在認(rèn)真總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，更加注重綜合運(yùn)用多種監(jiān)督形式反復(fù)督查、一抓到底，更加注重把加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督與修改完善法律結(jié)合起來(lái)，著力推動(dòng)解決問(wèn)題并建立長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。為推動(dòng)勞動(dòng)合同法有效實(shí)施，常委會(huì)在這部法律正式實(shí)施的當(dāng)年就進(jìn)行執(zhí)法檢查，針對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)背景下我國(guó)勞動(dòng)就業(yè)面臨的新情況新問(wèn)題，強(qiáng)調(diào)要千方百計(jì)穩(wěn)定和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)，防止拖欠職工工資和大規(guī)模裁員，提高中小企業(yè)和勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)合同簽訂率。2011年又組織開(kāi)展第二輪執(zhí)法檢查，并在去年對(duì)勞動(dòng)合同法作出修改，重點(diǎn)解決勞務(wù)派遣被濫用及不規(guī)范問(wèn)題，明確勞動(dòng)合同用工是我國(guó)的企業(yè)基本用工形式，勞務(wù)派遣用工只是補(bǔ)充形式，對(duì)勞務(wù)派遣工作崗位作出更加明確的界定，嚴(yán)格控制勞務(wù)派遣用工數(shù)量，強(qiáng)調(diào)勞務(wù)派遣人員享有同工同酬的權(quán)利。 | During these years, follow-up oversight was a good method used by the NPC to help solve important and difficult problems. By tightening its follow-up oversight, the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC aided in solving longstanding problems such as arrears in export tax rebate payments and in wages owed to rural migrant workers and holding people for excessively long periods without trial. On the basis of a careful review of its experience, the Standing Committee of the current NPC put greater emphasis on adopting a variety of oversight methods to carry out repeated investigations to get to the bottom of an issue and on integrating strengthening oversight with revising and improving laws, and strove to give impetus to solving problems and establish a permanent mechanism for this purpose. To spur the effective implementation of the Labor Contract Law, the Standing Committee investigated compliance with the law in the first year it officially went into effect. In response to new developments and new issues in China's labor and employment in the global financial crisis, the Standing Committee emphasized the need to adopt whatever means necessary to keep employment stable and expand it, prevent wage arrears and large layoffs, and increase the percentage of labor contracts signed by SMEs and in labor-intensive industries. In 2011, we organized the second round of investigations on compliance with this law. Last year we revised the law mainly to address the problem of the indiscriminate and capricious use of labor dispatch and to make it clear that employment by labor contract is the basic form of employment for Chinese enterprises, and employment by labor dispatch is only a supplemental form of employment. The revised law gives a clearer definition of job positions dispatched workers may fill, strictly restricts the number of these workers, and stresses that they enjoy the right to equal pay for equal work. |
| 三是豐富調(diào)查研究方式。調(diào)查研究是做好人大工作的內(nèi)在需要，同時(shí)也有利于推動(dòng)有關(guān)方面的工作。我們把加強(qiáng)調(diào)查研究作為改進(jìn)工作作風(fēng)的突破口，充分發(fā)揮常委會(huì)組成人員、專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)組成人員理論功底扎實(shí)、實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的特點(diǎn)，在做好立法調(diào)研和監(jiān)督調(diào)研的同時(shí)，積極探索調(diào)查研究的新方式，圍繞中央重大決策的研究制定和宏觀(guān)調(diào)控政策的貫徹實(shí)施，多次組織專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)、工作委員會(huì)主動(dòng)開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研，提出務(wù)實(shí)中肯的意見(jiàn)和建議。為有效應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)沖擊，2009年國(guó)務(wù)院提出增加中央政府公共投資計(jì)劃。考慮到這一投資計(jì)劃不僅數(shù)額大、涉及面廣，而且實(shí)施時(shí)間緊、工作任務(wù)重，我們選擇保障性住房建設(shè)、教育衛(wèi)生等民生工程、技術(shù)改造和科技創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)等4個(gè)題目開(kāi)展專(zhuān)題調(diào)研。針對(duì)調(diào)研中發(fā)現(xiàn)的有的項(xiàng)目前期工作不扎實(shí)、配套資金不落實(shí)、進(jìn)展不平衡以及個(gè)別地方濫鋪攤子等突出問(wèn)題，及時(shí)與地方政府和國(guó)務(wù)院有關(guān)部門(mén)交換意見(jiàn)，推動(dòng)研究改進(jìn)工作、完善政策措施，更好地發(fā)揮政府公共投資在保增長(zhǎng)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促民生方面的作用。 | Third, we enriched our methods of conducting investigations and studies. Conducting investigations and studies is an inherent requirement for doing the NPC's work well and also conducive to improving the work of the parties involved. We made strengthening investigations and studies the breakthrough point for improving our work style. Making full use of the fact that members of the Standing Committee and special committees have a solid theoretical foundation and rich practical experience, we actively explored new methods of conducting investigations and studies while at the same time doing a good job in research on legislation and oversight. We organized special committees and working committees on a number of occasions to carry out investigations and studies on special topics and make pragmatic and pertinent comments and suggestions concerning the central leadership's formulation of major policy decisions and the implementation of macro-control policies. In 2009, the State Council worked out a plan for increasing the central government's public investment in order to effectively respond to the global financial crisis. Because not only did this plan involve a large investment over a wide-ranging area, but the time was tight and the task of implementing it was arduous, we carried out investigations and studies on four selected areas: government-subsidized housing construction, education and health projects to improve people's wellbeing, technological upgrading and innovation in science and technology, and water conservancy. We promptly exchanged views with local governments and relevant departments of the State Council on outstanding problems we found in our investigations and studies, such as poor preparatory work, unavailable supporting funds and uneven progress for some projects, and also indiscriminate launching of projects in some localities. We helped them study and improve their work, policies and measures, thereby making better use of the role of government public investment in ensuring economic growth, adjusting the economic structure, and improving people's wellbeing. |
| 各位代表，十一屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)取得的成績(jī)，歸功于黨中央的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和全國(guó)人民的高度信任，是全國(guó)人大代表、常委會(huì)組成人員、各專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)組成人員以及機(jī)關(guān)工作人員辛勤工作的結(jié)果，也是國(guó)務(wù)院、最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院協(xié)同配合和地方各級(jí)人大及其常委會(huì)大力支持的結(jié)果。在此，我代表十一屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)向大家表示衷心的感謝！ |
Fellow Deputies, The achievements of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh NPC are attributable to the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the great trust placed in us by people throughout the country, and to the hard work of deputies to the NPC, members of the Standing Committee and special committees, and employees of NPC bodies. They are also attributable to the cooperation of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and to the strong support of local people's congresses at all levels and their standing committees. On behalf the Standing Committee of the Eleventh NPC, I hereby express my heartfelt gratitude to them all. |
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