關于《中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》的說明
Explanatory Notes for the 'Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform'
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| 在這次討論和征求意見過程中，許多方面提出，應該從理論上對政府和市場關系進一步作出定位，這對全面深化改革具有十分重大的作用?？紤]各方面意見和現(xiàn)實發(fā)展要求，經過反復討論和研究，中央認為對這個問題從理論上作出新的表述條件已經成熟，應該把市場在資源配置中的“基礎性作用”修改為“決定性作用”。 | During the discussion and consultation sessions regarding the Decision, many suggested that the Party should further position the government-market relationship from a theoretical perspective, which would have great significance for deepening the reform comprehensively. With due consideration to these opinions and the current circumstances, and after much discussion and research, the Party Central Committee agreed that it was time to introduce a new theoretical expression concerning this matter, and that the "basic role" of the market in allocating resources should be revised to a "decisive role." |
| 現(xiàn)在，我國社會主義市場經濟體制已經初步建立，市場化程度大幅度提高，我們對市場規(guī)律的認識和駕馭能力不斷提高，宏觀調控體系更為健全，主客觀條件具備，我們應該在完善社會主義市場經濟體制上邁出新的步伐。 | We have now basically established a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions ready, we should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy. |
| 進一步處理好政府和市場關系，實際上就是要處理好在資源配置中市場起決定性作用還是政府起決定性作用這個問題。經濟發(fā)展就是要提高資源尤其是稀缺資源的配置效率，以盡可能少的資源投入生產盡可能多的產品、獲得盡可能大的效益。理論和實踐都證明，市場配置資源是最有效率的形式。市場決定資源配置是市場經濟的一般規(guī)律，市場經濟本質上就是市場決定資源配置的經濟。健全社會主義市場經濟體制必須遵循這條規(guī)律，著力解決市場體系不完善、政府干預過多和監(jiān)管不到位問題。作出“使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用”的定位，有利于在全黨全社會樹立關于政府和市場關系的正確觀念，有利于轉變經濟發(fā)展方式，有利于轉變政府職能，有利于抑制消極腐敗現(xiàn)象。 | To further balance the relationship between the government and the market, we need to decide which of the two is to play the decisive role in allocating resources. To boost the economy, we must enhance the efficiency of the allocation of resources, especially that of scarce resources, so that we can use fewer resources to make more products and gain more benefits. Both theory and practice have proved that the allocation of resources by the market is the most effective means to this end. It is a general rule of the market economy that the market decides the allocation of resources, and a market economy in essence is one in which the market determines resource allocation. We have to follow this rule when we improve the socialist market economy. We should work harder to address the problems of market imperfection, too much government interference and lack of oversight. Positioning the market as playing a "decisive role" in resource allocation is conducive to establishing the correct notion of the government-market relationship in the whole Party and the whole society, and conducive to transforming the economic growth pattern and government functions as well as reining in corruption and other forms of misconduct. |
| 當然，我國實行的是社會主義市場經濟體制，我們仍然要堅持發(fā)揮我國社會主義制度的優(yōu)越性、發(fā)揮黨和政府的積極作用。市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，并不是起全部作用。 | Our market economy is of a socialist nature, of course. We need to give leverage to the superiority of our socialist system, and let the Party and government perform their positive functions. The market plays a decisive role in allocating resources, but is not the sole actor in this regard. |
| 發(fā)展社會主義市場經濟，既要發(fā)揮市場作用，也要發(fā)揮政府作用，但市場作用和政府作用的職能是不同的。全會決定對更好發(fā)揮政府作用提出了明確要求，強調科學的宏觀調控，有效的政府治理，是發(fā)揮社會主義市場經濟體制優(yōu)勢的內在要求。全會決定對健全宏觀調控體系、全面正確履行政府職能、優(yōu)化政府組織結構進行了部署，強調政府的職責和作用主要是保持宏觀經濟穩(wěn)定，加強和優(yōu)化公共服務，保障公平競爭，加強市場監(jiān)管，維護市場秩序，推動可持續(xù)發(fā)展，促進共同富裕，彌補市場失靈。 | To develop the socialist market economy, leverage should be given to both the market and the government, with differentiated functions. The Decision put forth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government, emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are the intrinsic requirements for giving more leverage to the advantages of the socialist market economy. The Decision also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It stresses that the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services, ensure fair competition, strengthen oversight of the market, maintain market order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in situations where market failure occurs. |
| 第二，關于堅持和完善基本經濟制度。堅持和完善公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發(fā)展的基本經濟制度，關系鞏固和發(fā)展中國特色社會主義制度的重要支柱。 | Two, adhering to and improving the basic economic system. The basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership developing together is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and is the foundation of the socialist market economy. |
| 改革開放以來，我國所有制結構逐步調整，公有制經濟和非公有制經濟在發(fā)展經濟、促進就業(yè)等方面的比重不斷變化，增強了經濟社會發(fā)展活力。在這種情況下，如何更好體現(xiàn)和堅持公有制主體地位，進一步探索基本經濟制度有效實現(xiàn)形式，是擺在我們面前的一個重大課題。 | Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policies in 1978, the structure of ownership has undergone gradual adjustment, with changing weight of public and non-public sectors in their contribution to the economy and employment. The economy and society grew more vigorous during the process. Under such circumstances, how to better recognize the dominant position of public ownership and stick to this position and how to further explore the effective forms for materializing the basic economic system have become major topics for us. |
| 全會決定強調必須毫不動搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經濟，堅持公有制主體地位，發(fā)揮國有經濟主導作用，不斷增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力。 | It is emphasized in the Decision that we must unswervingly consolidate and develop the public economy, persist in the dominant position of public ownership, give full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy, and incessantly increase its vitality, control and influence. |
| 全會決定堅持和發(fā)展黨的十五大以來有關論述，提出要積極發(fā)展混合所有制經濟，強調國有資本、集體資本、非公有資本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制經濟，是基本經濟制度的重要實現(xiàn)形式，有利于國有資本放大功能、保值增值、提高競爭力。這是新形勢下堅持公有制主體地位，增強國有經濟活力、控制力、影響力的一個有效途徑和必然選擇。 | Adhering to and furthering the relevant deliberations made since the Party's 15th National Congress, the Decision proposes to vigorously develop a mixed economy. It stresses that a mixed economy with cross-shareholding by and blending of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital is an important way to materialize the basic economic system of China. It helps to improve the functions of state-owned capital, increase its value and raise its competitiveness. This is an effective channel and inevitable choice for us to adhere to the dominant role of the public economy and improve its vitality, control and influence in the new circumstances. |
| 全會決定提出，完善國有資產管理體制，以管資本為主加強國有資產監(jiān)管，改革國有資本授權經營體制；國有資本投資運營要服務于國家戰(zhàn)略目標，更多投向關系國家安全、國民經濟命脈的重要行業(yè)和關鍵領域，重點提供公共服務、發(fā)展重要前瞻性戰(zhàn)略性產業(yè)、保護生態(tài)環(huán)境、支持科技進步、保障國家安全；劃轉部分國有資本充實社會保障基金；提高國有資本收益上繳公共財政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。 | The Decision states that China will improve the state assets management system, strengthen state assets oversight with capital management at the core, reform the authorized operation mechanism for state capital. State-owned capital investment operations must serve the strategic goals of the state, invest more in key industries and areas that are vital to national security and are the lifeblood of the economy, focus on offering public services, develop important and forward-looking strategic industries, protect the ecological environment, support scientific and technological progress, and guarantee national security. The government will transfer part of the state-owned capital to social security funds. We will increase the proportion of state-owned capital gains that are turned over to the public finance, to be used to ensure and improve the people's livelihood. |
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