《“一國兩制”在香港特別行政區(qū)的實踐》白皮書
White Paper: The Practice of the 'One Country, Two Systems' Policy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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調整字號大小: 
| 三、香港特別行政區(qū)各項事業(yè)取得全面進步 | III. Comprehensive Progress Made in Various Undertakings in the HKSAR |
| 香港特別行政區(qū)成立以來，在中央政府和祖國內地的大力支持下，特別行政區(qū)政府團結帶領香港各界人士，攻堅克難，砥礪奮進，充分發(fā)揮“一國兩制”的制度優(yōu)勢，保持香港社會經濟政治大局穩(wěn)定，推動各項事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，不斷取得新成就、新進步。 | Since the establishment of the HKSAR, the government of the Special Administrative Region has, with energetic support from the central government and the mainland, rallied people of all walks of life in Hong Kong, worked hard and overcome difficulties, made full use of the advantage of the policy of "one country, two systems," maintained overall social, economic and political stability, promoted the development of all undertakings and made new achievements one after another. |
| ——香港居民的基本權利和自由得到充分保護。香港居民依法享有的基本權利和自由，受到憲法、香港基本法以及香港本地法律的充分保障。憲法和香港基本法從憲制層面確保了香港特別行政區(qū)居民的基本權利和自由，香港特別行政區(qū)還通過實施《性別歧視條例》、《種族歧視條例》、《個人資料（私隱）條例》、《獨立監(jiān)察警方處理投訴委員會條例》、《最低工資條例》等法例，為香港居民的權利和自由提供進一步保障。特別行政區(qū)政府設立平等機會委員會、個人資料私隱專員公署、申訴專員公署、法律援助署、獨立監(jiān)察警方處理投訴委員會、法律援助服務局、婦女委員會、扶貧委員會等多個機構，協助推廣、保護居民的基本權利和自由。 | - HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms are fully protected. Hong Kong residents enjoy basic rights and freedoms in accordance with the law, which are under the full protection of the Constitution, the Basic Law and the local laws. The Constitution and the Basic Law safeguard the HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms at the constitutional level. The HKSAR provides further protection to residents' rights and freedoms by enacting the Sex Discrimination Ordinance, Race Discrimination Ordinance, Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) Ordinance, Minimum Wage Ordinance and other ordinances. A multitude of organs, including the Equal Opportunity Commission, Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Office of the Ombudsman, Legal Aid Department, Independent Police Complaints Council, Legal Aid Services Council, Women's Commission and Commission on Poverty, have been set up by the HKSAR government to help promote and protect HKSAR residents' fundamental rights and freedoms. |
| 此外，香港基本法明確規(guī)定，香港特別行政區(qū)居民中的中國公民依法參與國家事務的管理。根據全國人大確定的名額和代表產生辦法，由香港居民中的中國公民選出香港特別行政區(qū)的全國人大代表，參加最高國家權力機關的工作。香港特別行政區(qū)先后舉行四屆全國人大代表選舉，每屆均由具有廣泛代表性的全國人大代表選舉會議選舉產生36名代表。中國人民政治協商會議歷來重視吸收香港同胞參加，除特邀香港人士界別外，其他一些界別也吸收香港社會代表性人士。政協第十二屆全國委員會特邀香港人士界別有香港地區(qū)委員124人，其他16個界別有香港地區(qū)委員82人。 | In addition, the Basic Law explicitly stipulates that Chinese citizens who are residents of the HKSAR shall be entitled to participation in the management of state affairs according to law. In accordance with the assigned number of seats and the selection method specified by the NPC, the Chinese citizens among the HKSAR residents elect deputies of the region to the NPC to participate in the work of China's supreme organ of state power. The HKSAR has held in succession four such elections and 36 deputies were elected each time by the broadly representative Conference for Electing Deputies of the HKSAR to the NPC. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) always values the participation of Hong Kong compatriots. Aside from specially inviting Hong Kong personages, other CPPCC groups also include representatives from Hong Kong. The 12th CPPCC National Committee had a 124-member Hong Kong group, and 16 other CPPCC groups had 82 members from Hong Kong. |
| ——民主政制依法穩(wěn)步推進。香港回歸前，英國委派總督在香港實行了150多年的殖民統治?；貧w后，香港特別行政區(qū)政府和立法機關由當地人組成。行政長官在當地通過選舉或協商產生，由中央人民政府任命；立法機關由選舉產生。香港基本法明確規(guī)定行政長官和立法會全部議員最終由普選產生，使之成為法定目標。香港特別行政區(qū)成立以來，中央政府和香港特別行政區(qū)政府堅定不移地按照香港基本法和全國人大常委會有關決定的規(guī)定，推動以行政長官產生辦法和立法會產生辦法為主要內容的民主政制循序漸進向前發(fā)展。 | - The democratic political system has been steadily promoted. Before the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the United Kingdom designated governors to enforce colonial rule over Hong Kong for more than 150 years. Since 1997, the HKSAR government and the legislature have been composed of local residents. The chief executive of the HKSAR is appointed by the Central People's Government on the basis of the results of elections or consultations held locally; the legislature of the HKSAR is established by elections. The Basic Law of the HKSAR explicitly stipulates that the chief executive and all the members of the Legislative Council must be elected by universal suffrage, making universal suffrage a legal objective. Since the establishment of the HKSAR, the central government and the HKSAR government have unswervingly and steadily promoted Hong Kong's democratic political system, featuring the election methods for the chief executive and the Legislative Council, according to the Basic Law and relevant decisions of the NPC Standing Committee. |
| 行政長官選舉的民主程度不斷提高。第一任行政長官人選經400人組成的推選委員會選舉產生，第二任至第四任行政長官人選經選舉委員會選舉產生，選舉委員會的規(guī)模由800人增至1200人。選舉委員會由“工商、金融界”，“專業(yè)界”，“勞工、社會服務、宗教等界”以及“立法會議員、區(qū)議會議員的代表、鄉(xiāng)議局的代表、香港特別行政區(qū)全國人大代表、香港特別行政區(qū)全國政協委員的代表”四大界別人士按相同比例組成，體現了均衡參與，具有廣泛代表性。 | The election of the chief executive of the HKSAR has become increasingly democratic. Candidates for the first chief executive were elected by a 400-member Selection Committee, while candidates for the second, third and fourth chief executives were elected by the Election Committee, the membership of which in the meantime had grown from 800 to 1,200. Members of the Election Committee came from the four major sectors of "industry, commerce and finance," "the professions," "labor, social services, religious and other sectors" and "members of the Legislative Council, representatives of district boards and Heung Yee Kuk, HKSAR deputies to the NPC, and representatives of HKSAR members of the National Committee of the CPPCC" in equal proportions. Such a composition is an expression of equal participation and broad representativeness. |
| 立法會選舉的直選因素不斷增加。1998年選舉產生的第一屆立法會包括20名分區(qū)直接選舉的議員，30名功能團體選舉的議員和10名選舉委員會選舉的議員。2000年選舉產生的第二屆立法會包括24名分區(qū)直接選舉的議員，30名功能團體選舉的議員和6名選舉委員會選舉的議員。2004年選舉產生的第三屆立法會和2008年選舉產生的第四屆立法會，分區(qū)直接選舉的議員和功能團體選舉的議員各為30名。2012年第五屆立法會選舉時，立法會議員人數增加至70人，分區(qū)直接選舉的議員和功能團體選舉的議員各為35名，其中新增加的5個功能團體選舉議席由區(qū)議會議員提名、并經全港原來沒有功能團體選舉權的選民一人一票選舉產生。 | The election of the Legislative Council is becoming more and more direct. The first Legislative Council formed in 1998 had 20 members elected directly by geographical constituencies, 30 members by functional constituencies, and ten members by the Election Committee. The second Legislative Council formed in 2000 had 24 members elected directly by geographical constituencies, 30 members by functional constituencies, and six members by the Election Committee. The third and fourth Legislative Councils formed respectively in 2004 and 2008 both had 30 members elected directly by geographical constituencies, and 30 members by functional constituencies. The membership of the fifth Legislative Council elected in 2012 expanded to 70, including 35 members elected directly by geographical constituencies and 35 members by functional constituencies. The additional five members elected by functional constituencies were nominated by district boards, and elected by voters who had enjoyed no right to vote under functional constituencies. |
| 設定普選時間表。2007年12月29日，第十屆全國人大常委會第三十一次會議決定，2017年香港特別行政區(qū)第五任行政長官的選舉可以實行由普選產生的辦法；在行政長官由普選產生以后，香港特別行政區(qū)立法會的選舉可以實行全部議員由普選產生的辦法，為行政長官和立法會全部議員普選設定了時間表。2013年12月4日至2014年5月3日，香港特別行政區(qū)政府就2017年行政長官和2016年立法會產生辦法進行為期5個月的公眾咨詢，啟動了實現普選的有關程序。 | The timetable has been set for universal suffrage. The 31st Session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC made a decision on December 29, 2007 "that the election of the fifth chief executive of the HKSAR in 2017 may be implemented by the method of universal suffrage; that after the chief executive is selected by universal suffrage, the election of the Legislative Council of the HKSAR may be implemented by the method of electing all the members by universal suffrage," thus setting a timetable for the selection of the chief executive and all members of the Legislative Council by universal suffrage. From December 4, 2013 to May 3, 2014, the HKSAR government initiated a five-month public consultation on the election of the chief executive in 2017 and that of the Legislative Council in 2016, starting the relevant procedures for introducing universal suffrage. |
| ——經濟保持平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。整體經濟保持增長。1997年至2013年，香港本地生產總值年均實質增長3.4%，人均本地生產總值按美元累計增長39.3%。根據國際貨幣基金組織2013年數據，按購買力平價（PPP）計算，香港本地生產總值位居全球第35位，人均本地生產總值位居全球第7位。 | - The HKSAR has maintained steady economic growth. From 1997 to 2013, Hong Kong's Gross Regional Product (GRP) grew by 3.4 percent annually in real terms, and its per-capita GRP increased by a total of 39.3 percent calculated in US dollar. According to the 2013 statistics of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Hong Kong's GRP and per-capita GRP, respectively, ranked the 35th and 7th in the world, as calculated by purchasing power parity. |
| 國際金融、貿易、航運中心地位得以保持和提升。香港是重要的國際銀行中心、全球第六大證券市場和第五大外匯市場。在多項國際金融中心的世界排名中，香港位居前列。香港是全球第九大貿易經濟體，與世界上幾乎所有的國家和地區(qū)保持貿易聯系。香港是全球最大的集裝箱港口之一和第四大船舶注冊中心。香港國際機場是世界最繁忙的航空港之一，客運量位居全球第五位，貨運量多年高居全球首位。 | Hong Kong has maintained and enhanced its status as an international financial, trade and shipping center. As an important international banking center, Hong Kong boasts the world's sixth-largest securities market and fifth-largest foreign exchange market. Hong Kong ranks high in various lists of international financial centers. As the world's ninth-largest trading economy, Hong Kong has regular trading ties with almost every country and region in the world. Hong Kong is one of the world's largest container shipping ports and fourth-largest ship-registration center. The Hong Kong International Airport is one of the world's busiest. Its air freight volume has led the world for many years, and its passenger transport volume ranks fifth. |
| 傳統優(yōu)勢產業(yè)不斷鞏固和發(fā)展。貿易及物流、旅游、金融、專業(yè)服務及其他工商業(yè)支援服務四大支柱產業(yè)繼續(xù)發(fā)揮重要作用。2012年，四大產業(yè)增加值共占香港本地生產總值的58%，吸納就業(yè)人數占總就業(yè)人數的47.2%。香港還著力培育和發(fā)展文化及創(chuàng)意、創(chuàng)新及科技、檢測認證、環(huán)保等產業(yè)。 | Hong Kong's robust industries have been strengthened even further. Trade and logistics, tourism, finance, and professional services and support services for industry and commerce continue to play an important role as Hong Kong's four pillar industries. In 2012, these four sectors employed 47.2 percent of Hong Kong's total working population, and their added value accounted for 58 percent of Hong Kong's total GRP. Hong Kong also focuses on the cultivation and development of the cultural and creative, innovation and technology, testing and certification, and environmental protection industries. |
| 營商環(huán)境保持良好。香港是全球公認的最自由經濟體之一。在世界銀行對全球185個經濟體營商環(huán)境的排名中，香港多年位居前列。根據聯合國貿易和發(fā)展會議《2013年世界投資報告》，香港在吸收外來直接投資方面位居全球第三位。在瑞士洛桑國際管理發(fā)展學院《世界競爭力年報》排名中，香港多年來都被評為全球最具競爭力經濟體之一。 | Hong Kong has maintained a sound business environment, and is generally recognized as one of the world's freest economies. For many years, it has ranked high in the World Bank's evaluation of business environments of 185 economies. In its World Investment Report 2013, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) ranked Hong Kong the third in the world in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). For many years, Hong Kong has been listed among the world's most competitive economies by the World Competitiveness Yearbook compiled by the International Institute for Management Development based in Lausanne, Switzerland. |
| ——各項社會事業(yè)邁上新臺階。教育事業(yè)在亞太地區(qū)保持領先地位。香港特別行政區(qū)政府持續(xù)加大對教育投入，2014－2015財政年度教育總支出預算為753.7億港元，是政府開支的第一大項目。2008－2009學年開始在公營學校實施十二年免費教育。根據英國泰晤士高等教育研究機構公布的2013年亞洲大學排行榜，香港大學、香港科技大學進入前十名；2013－2014年世界大學排名中，香港大學名列第43位。在反映基礎教育水平的“國際學生評估（PISA）” 2012年全球測試中，香港繼續(xù)名列前茅。 | - Social programs have been further enhanced. Hong Kong leads the Asia-Pacific region in education, as the HKSAR government continues to increase its investment in education, the biggest government expenditure item. During the 2014-2015 fiscal year, the HKSAR government's current budgetary spending on education reached HK$75.37 billion. Since the 2008-2009 school year, Hong Kong has implemented 12-year free education in public schools. The University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology are among Asia's top-ten universities, according to the Times Higher Education Asian University Rankings 2013. The University of Hong Kong was the 43rd according to the World University Rankings 2013-2014. Hong Kong continues to rank high in the global test of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012, which reflects the quality of primary education. |
| 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)不斷進步。2014－2015財政年度用于醫(yī)療服務的財政預算支出524億港元，占政府經常開支的17%。香港居民可平等享受價格低廉的公立醫(yī)院服務。截至2012年底，香港各類醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構共有病床3.55萬張。香港嬰兒死亡率由1997年的4‰下降至2013年的1.6‰，是全球嬰兒死亡率最低的地方之一。2013年香港男性與女性的預期壽命分別為80.9歲及86.6歲，是全球預期壽命最高的地方之一。 | Hong Kong continues to provide quality medical and health care services. During the 2014-2015 fiscal year, the HKSAR government's budget for expenditure on medical and health care is HK$52.4 billion, accounting for 17 percent of the government's recurrent expenditure. All Hong Kong residents enjoy equal access to affordable public medical services. By the end of 2012, Hong Kong had more than 35,500 beds in various medical institutions. The infant mortality rate dropped from 4 per thousand in 1997 to 1.6 per thousand in 2013, which is among the world's lowest. In 2013, the life expectancy of Hong Kong's male and female residents was 80.9 years and 86.6 years, respectively, which are among the world's highest. |
| 文化、體育事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。香港中外文化薈萃，特別行政區(qū)政府鼓勵文化藝術多元發(fā)展，促進相互交流。香港已有潮人盂蘭勝會、大坑舞火龍、大澳端午龍舟游涌、長洲太平清醮等4個獨有項目被列入第三批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。香港2008年協辦北京奧運會馬術比賽項目，2009年主辦第五屆東亞運動會。帆板、乒乓球、自行車、武術等項目的運動員在奧運會、世錦賽、亞錦賽等國際賽場上屢創(chuàng)佳績。 | Cultural and sports activities are flourishing in Hong Kong, where the Chinese and foreign cultures intermingle. The HKSAR government encourages the diverse development of Hong Kong's culture and promotes cultural exchanges. Four unique Hong Kong cultural events were added to the third batch of the State-level Non-material Cultural Heritage List, namely, Yu Lan Ghost Festival, Tai Hang fire dragon dance, Tai O dragon boat parade, and Cheung Chau Jiao Festival. Hong Kong hosted the equestrian events of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, and the fifth East Asian Games in 2009. Hong Kong athletes have excelled themselves in events such as windsurfing, table tennis, cycling and martial arts during the Olympics, World Championships and Asian Championships. |
| 社會保障逐步完善。香港特別行政區(qū)政府在社會福利方面的開支總額由1997－1998財政年度的204億港元增長到2014－2015財政年度預算的619億港元，增長了2.03倍。香港已形成多層次、多元化的社會保障和福利服務體系。社會服務機構共有400多家，注冊社工從1998年底的8300名發(fā)展到目前的1.8萬多名。特別行政區(qū)政府還積極推動公共房屋建設，協助基層市民入住公共房屋，資助市民自置居所。香港約有一半市民居住在政府提供或資助的房屋，其中超過200萬人租住公共房屋，100多萬人居住在政府資助的自置房屋。 | Hong Kong's social security service has been continuously improved. During the fiscal year 2014-2015 the HKSAR government's budget for social welfare reached HK$61.9 billion, 3.03 times as compared with the HK$20.4 billion during the fiscal year 1997-1998. Hong Kong has put in place a multilayer and diversified social security and welfare service system. Hong Kong has more than 400 social service agencies, and the number of registered social workers has increased from 8,300 at the end of 1998 to more than 18,000 today. The HKSAR government actively promotes the construction of public housing, moves low-wage residents into public housing, and provides financial aid to those who purchase housing units. Around half of Hong Kong's residents live in housing provided or funded by the government. Among them, more than 2 million live in rented public housing, and over 1 million have purchased housing units with government financial aid. |
| ——對外交往和國際影響進一步擴大。對外聯系更加廣泛。截至2013年6月，香港以中國政府代表團成員或其他適當身份參與以國家為單位參加的共41個政府間國際組織相關活動，參加不限主權國家參加的政府間國際組織37個。香港以中國政府代表團成員身份或其他適當身份參加有關國際會議1400多次，以“中國香港”名義參加不以國家為單位參加的國際會議2萬余次,共舉辦或協辦國際會議1000多次。香港特別行政區(qū)已與42個國家簽署互免簽證協議，150個國家和地區(qū)單方面給予特別行政區(qū)護照持有人免簽或落地簽待遇。香港特別行政區(qū)還與多個國家簽署了民用航空運輸、避免雙重征稅、促進和保護投資、刑事司法協助等協定。香港特別行政區(qū)政府在日內瓦、倫敦、東京、紐約、柏林等11個地方設立了駐外經濟貿易辦事處。歐盟委員會等6個國際組織在香港設立了代表機構。 | - Hong Kong's international exchanges and its international influence have further expanded. Hong Kong's international exchanges have been broadened. By June 2013, Hong Kong, as a member of a Chinese government delegation or in other appropriate capacities, had participated in 41 events held by inter-governmental international organizations, and joined 37 inter-governmental international organizations whose membership is not limited to sovereign states. As a member of a Chinese government delegation or in other appropriate capacities, Hong Kong has attended more than 1,400 international meetings; using the name of "Hong Kong, China" it has attended more than 20,000 international meetings not limited to states. It has also hosted or co-hosted more than 1,000 international meetings. The HKSAR has visa waiver agreements with 42 countries, and 150 countries or regions provide visa-free entry or grant visas upon arrival to HKSAR passports holders. Hong Kong has civil air transport agreements, agreements on avoidance of double taxation, agreements on investment promotion and protection, and agreements on criminal justice assistance with many countries. The HKSAR government has economic and trade offices in 11 places, such as Geneva, London, Tokyo, New York and Berlin. Six international organizations, including the European Commission, have representative offices in Hong Kong. |
| 杰出專業(yè)人士擔任國際組織重要職位。在中央政府的大力支持下，香港特別行政區(qū)政府衛(wèi)生署原署長陳馮富珍女士2006年11月當選為世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事，并于2012年5月成功連任，是聯合國成立以來第一位擔任政府間國際組織最高負責人的中國人；香港天文臺臺長岑智明先生2010年2月當選為世界氣象組織航空氣象學委員會主席。 | Outstanding Hong Kong professionals have taken important positions in international organizations. Supported by the central government, Chan Fung Fu-chun, former director of health of the HKSAR, was elected director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) in November 2006, and was reelected in May 2012. She is the first Chinese to head an inter-government international organization since the founding of the United Nations. Shun Chi-ming, director of the Hong Kong Observatory, was elected president of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology of the World Meteorological Organization in February 2010. |
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