李克強(qiáng)在聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織的演講（全文）
Full text: Li Keqiang's speech at the FAO headquarters
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| 10月15日，羅馬，李克強(qiáng)總理訪問聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織總部并發(fā)表演講。 Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivers a speech at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome on Oct. 15, 2014. |
| 2014年10月15日，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在位于羅馬的聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織總部發(fā)表題為《依托家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化》的演講。演講全文如下： | Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome on Oct 15, 2014. Following is the full text of Li's speech: |
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依托家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化 |
Promote Agricultural Modernization Through Family Farming |
| 尊敬的格拉齊亞諾總干事， 女士們，先生們，朋友們： |
Director-General José Graziano da Silva, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, |
| 很高興在金秋時(shí)節(jié)來到聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織總部，參加第34個(gè)世界糧食日系列活動(dòng)。剛才，一進(jìn)糧農(nóng)組織大樓，我就看到一層大廳墻壁上多種語(yǔ)言鐫刻的“Food for All”——人皆有食。這是糧農(nóng)組織的神圣使命，也是世界各國(guó)的共同目標(biāo)。長(zhǎng)期以來，聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織與世界糧食計(jì)劃署、國(guó)際農(nóng)發(fā)基金，緊緊圍繞這一目標(biāo)，幫助成員國(guó)以多種形式發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，為供養(yǎng)世界幾十億人口作出了十分突出的貢獻(xiàn)。在此，我謹(jǐn)代表中國(guó)政府和人民，對(duì)糧農(nóng)組織等機(jī)構(gòu)、在座的各位和你們的同事所作出的不懈努力表示高度贊賞，對(duì)所取得的卓越成就表示誠(chéng)摯敬意！ | It gives me great pleasure to be here at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in this golden autumn season to attend the event for the 34th World Food Day. Upon arriving at the FAO building minutes ago, I saw the multi-lingual inscription – Food for All – in the hall of the first floor. Food for all represents the noble mission of the FAO as well as the common goal of all countries. Over the years, the FAO, the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with a strong commitment to this goal, have helped the member states to develop agriculture in multiple forms, thus making outstanding contribution to feeding the billions of people in our world. Hereby, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, great appreciation to the FAO and other institutions, and to all of you present and your colleagues for your unremitting efforts, and sincere respect for the remarkable achievements you have made. |
| 今年世界糧食日的主題是“家庭農(nóng)業(yè)：供養(yǎng)世界，關(guān)愛地球”。我認(rèn)為這個(gè)主題既立足現(xiàn)實(shí)，又著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，勾畫出了全球農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的美好愿景。依靠家庭農(nóng)業(yè)解決吃飯問題，也符合中國(guó)的實(shí)際。2000多年前中國(guó)的先哲說過，“民以食為天”，這也是長(zhǎng)久以來中國(guó)人所奉行的理念。大家都知道，中國(guó)人口多、人均耕地少，讓十幾億人民吃飽飯，是我們最大的事情，也曾經(jīng)是最大的難題。我年輕時(shí)在中國(guó)農(nóng)村生活多年，親身經(jīng)歷過吃不飽飯的艱難歲月。吃一頓飽飯可能很快就會(huì)忘記，但饑餓留下的印象永生難忘。30多年前中國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放，就是從農(nóng)村改革開始的。我們通過改革實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)大發(fā)展，糧食產(chǎn)量由3億多噸增加到6億多噸，成功解決了人民的溫飽問題。這里有一條最基本的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就是發(fā)展家庭農(nóng)業(yè)。 | The theme of this year's World Food Day is Family Farming: "Feeding the world, caring for the earth". I think this theme is based on realities and focuses on the future as well, and it charts a bright future of global agricultural development. Ensuring adequate food supply for the people through family farming also suits China's realities. Over 2,000 years ago, China's philosophers said, food is the first necessity of the people, and this is also what the Chinese have always believed in. As is known to all, China has a huge population but low per-capita arable land availability. To feed the over one billion Chinese people is our top priority and was once the biggest challenge we had to face. When I was young, I lived in China's rural areas for some years, and personally experienced the hard time of not having enough food. A big meal that I had might be easily forgotten, but the feeling of hunger left me a lifelong impression. In fact, China's reform and opening-up that began over 30 years ago was launched from rural areas. Since then, we have been able to achieve great agricultural development through reform and China's grain output has increased from over 300 million tons to over 600 million tons, successfully resolving the subsistence issue of the people. And a piece of most fundamental experience we got was to develop family farming. |
| 上世紀(jì)80年代初的農(nóng)村改革，最主要的就是推行家庭承包經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。這項(xiàng)改革，把農(nóng)戶確立為農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的主體，賦予農(nóng)民長(zhǎng)期而有保障的土地使用權(quán)和經(jīng)營(yíng)自主權(quán)，幾億農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性迅速調(diào)動(dòng)起來，每個(gè)人的力量都得到充分發(fā)揮，短短幾年農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)就邁上一個(gè)大臺(tái)階。在此基礎(chǔ)上，幾億人擺脫了貧困，并提前達(dá)到聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)。近十年，中國(guó)糧食連續(xù)增產(chǎn)，今年又豐收在望。這些成績(jī)的取得，家庭農(nóng)業(yè)功不可沒。 | In rural reforms that started in the early 1980s, the most important part was to promote the household contract system. Through this reform, rural households became the mainstay of farming and farmers were given long-term and guaranteed land use right and operational independence, thus rapidly unleashing the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers for production and giving scope to the capabilities of individual farmers. As a result, agricultural production made huge headway in just a few years. Building on that, hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty and the UN Millennium Development Goals have been reached ahead of schedule. In the recent decade, China has enjoyed continuous increase in grain output, with yet another bumper harvest to be expected this year. Without family farming, these achievements would not have been possible. |
| 30多年來，中國(guó)家庭農(nóng)業(yè)能夠不斷煥發(fā)出新的活力，也與科技、政策等創(chuàng)新密不可分。我們建立了一整套農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣體系，大面積推廣優(yōu)良品種、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械，推廣設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)。僅雜交水稻一項(xiàng)，每年就帶來數(shù)千萬(wàn)噸的增產(chǎn)。我們大力鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民合作社、專業(yè)農(nóng)戶、企業(yè)公司以及政府服務(wù)組織等，為農(nóng)民提供農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械作業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工流通等服務(wù)。每年都有數(shù)十萬(wàn)臺(tái)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械像候鳥一樣，在中國(guó)大地上往返遷徙。當(dāng)小麥成熟的時(shí)候，大批聯(lián)合收割機(jī)一路由南往北，追趕著季節(jié)，為農(nóng)民提供小麥?zhǔn)崭罘?wù)，既解決了農(nóng)民家庭機(jī)械作業(yè)的難題，也提高了農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的使用效率。中國(guó)政府還不斷增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入，支持建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、改善生產(chǎn)條件，農(nóng)田有效灌溉率已提高到50%以上，農(nóng)業(yè)抗災(zāi)能力不斷增強(qiáng)。 | We also owe the constant new vigor in China's family farming over the past 30-plus years to innovation in science, technology and relevant policies. We have established a whole system for disseminating agricultural science and technology and extensively promoted quality varieties, agricultural machinery as well as controlled-environment agriculture. Hybrid rice alone has increased annual output by tens of millions of tons in China. We greatly encourage farmers' cooperatives, specialized farming households, businesses and government service organizations to provide farmers with services in terms of agricultural machinery and the processing and distribution of agricultural produce. Every year, hundreds of thousands of agricultural machines are taken to different parts of China to serve agricultural seasons, like birds that migrate back and forth with the seasons. When wheat ripens, an army of combined harvesters would advance from the south to the north of China, helping farmers with wheat harvesting. This not only provides much-needed agricultural machinery to rural households, but also helps raise efficiency in the use of farming machines. The Chinese government is still increasing input in agriculture to support agricultural infrastructure and improve production conditions. For instance, the effective irrigation rate of farmland in China has been raised to over 50% and China's agriculture is now more resilient to disasters. |
| 我們也清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到，中國(guó)家庭農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，面臨著規(guī)模過小的制約，平均每戶只有半公頃的耕作面積。在解決溫飽問題的時(shí)候，農(nóng)民在自己承包的小塊土地上精耕細(xì)作，但要更大規(guī)模提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量，小規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)就顯示出其局限性。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)要再上新臺(tái)階，必須適度擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、土地產(chǎn)出率，走農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化之路。中國(guó)正處在城鎮(zhèn)化快速推進(jìn)的階段，預(yù)計(jì)從現(xiàn)在起到2020年，將有2億左右的農(nóng)村人口陸續(xù)到東、中、西部地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)落戶。這會(huì)為農(nóng)民擴(kuò)大耕種規(guī)模創(chuàng)造條件，給農(nóng)民帶來更多實(shí)際利益，也會(huì)給農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化提供更大發(fā)展空間。 | At the same time, however, we must be fully aware that the further development of China's family farming is still constrained by its small scale, as each household only has an arable land of about half a hectare. Farmers work on their contracted patches intensively so that they can feed themselves, but to further improve the output and quality of agricultural products, small-scale farming is inadequate. To take China's agricultural production to a new level, we must appropriately expand operational scale, enhance labor productivity and land output and follow the path of agricultural modernization. China is at the stage of accelerated urbanization. The forecast is that by 2020, about 200 million people will migrate from rural to urban areas in China's eastern, central and western regions, and this will create conditions for farmers to expand the scale of farming and will in turn bring them more real benefits and greater development space for agricultural modernization. |
| 中國(guó)是一個(gè)人口大國(guó)，國(guó)情復(fù)雜，在推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中，我們將堅(jiān)持家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)在農(nóng)業(yè)中的基礎(chǔ)性地位，推進(jìn)多種形式的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)方式創(chuàng)新。在嚴(yán)格保護(hù)農(nóng)民土地權(quán)益、尊重農(nóng)民意愿的基礎(chǔ)上，鼓勵(lì)有條件的農(nóng)戶流轉(zhuǎn)土地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)，鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民聯(lián)合與合作。這幾年，中國(guó)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)已增加到87萬(wàn)家，平均規(guī)模達(dá)到13公頃（200畝），農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社數(shù)量超過110萬(wàn)家，成為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要力量和發(fā)展方向。以家庭經(jīng)營(yíng)為基礎(chǔ)，推進(jìn)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)，有利于更好地“供養(yǎng)中國(guó)”，也會(huì)對(duì)世界糧食安全作出貢獻(xiàn)。 | China is a big populous country with complex national conditions. In the process of agricultural modernization, we will stick to the fundamental role of family farming in agriculture and continue to promote multi-form innovative ways of agricultural operation. On the basis of effectively protecting farmers' land rights and interests and respecting their will, we encourage farmers, as their conditions are ready, to transfer their land management right to others; we also encourage farmers' union and cooperation. In recent years, the number of Chinese household farms has increased to 870,000, with an average scale of 13 hectares (or 200 mu), and farmers' cooperatives, exceeding 1.1 million in number, have become an important force and development direction in agricultural modernization. To promote farm operation with an appropriate scale and develop modern agriculture on the basis of family farming will help better feed China, thus contributing to world food security. |
| 中國(guó)政府高度重視農(nóng)業(yè)，始終堅(jiān)持立足國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食基本自給。同時(shí)，也高度重視農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我們用低于世界平均水平的耕地和淡水資源，解決了世界近20%人口的吃飯問題，這本身體現(xiàn)了一種集約。但我們不滿足于此，還要進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)高效集約發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)與建設(shè)，實(shí)施好退耕還林、天然林保護(hù)、防沙治沙、水土保持、草原治理等工程，支持農(nóng)民改良土壤、減少污染、大規(guī)模建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田。通過努力，促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)資源的永續(xù)利用，既滿足當(dāng)代人需要，也為子孫后代留下良田沃土、碧水藍(lán)天。保護(hù)中國(guó)生態(tài)，也是關(guān)愛地球、保護(hù)地球。 | The Chinese government attaches great importance to agriculture and has always managed to ensure basic self-supply of food by relying on domestic production. At the same time, the Chinese government also gives priority to sustainable agricultural development. We have managed to feed nearly 20% of the world's population with a share of arable land and fresh water resources lower than world average. That in itself is intensive operation. But that's not enough. We still need to further promote efficient and intensive agricultural development. At the same time, we will further enhance ecological protection and improvement and effectively implement such projects as returning farmland to forests, protecting natural forests, desertification prevention and control, water and land conservation and grassland management. We will support farmers in their efforts to improve the soil, reduce pollution and develop high-standard farmland on a large scale. Such efforts will promote the sustainable use of agricultural resources, thus not only serving the need of the people in our time but also passing on fertile land, green water and blue sky to our future generations. In that sense, protecting China's ecology is also one way of caring for the earth and protecting our planet. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 人人有飯吃，是人類最基本的生存權(quán)利，是一切人權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)。全球農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，但饑餓和貧困依然是一種“無(wú)聲的危機(jī)”，是深深困擾全人類的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。目前世界上還有8億多貧困人口面臨著食物不足、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的威脅。促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，消除饑餓和貧困，依然是世界面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn)，也是全人類肩負(fù)的共同責(zé)任。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)攜起手來，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)合作，更多關(guān)注發(fā)展中國(guó)家、尤其是一些最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的訴求。應(yīng)減少貿(mào)易保護(hù)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、資金等支持，提高全球農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平和糧食安全保障水平。 | Food for all is, for mankind, the most fundamental right of survival, which serves as the basis for all other human rights. Great progress has been made in the global agricultural development. Yet hunger and poverty have remained a "silent crisis". They are like the "Achilles heel", deeply troubling all human beings. Over 800 million poor people in the world still face the threat of food shortages and malnutrition. To promote agricultural development and eradicate hunger and poverty remains a major challenge of the world and a common responsibility of mankind. The international community may join hands to enhance agricultural cooperation and pay greater attention to the calls of developing countries, in particular certain least developed countries (LDCs). Efforts should be made to curb trade protectionism and increase the technical and financial assistance to the agricultural sector of the LDCs so as to raise the global agricultural productivity and increase food security. |
| 中國(guó)與世界各國(guó)特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)合作發(fā)展很快。近些年，我們?cè)趤喼?、非洲、拉美、太平洋等地區(qū)近100個(gè)國(guó)家，建立了農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)站和推廣站，先后派遣農(nóng)業(yè)專家和技術(shù)人員3萬(wàn)余人次，同時(shí)幫助這些國(guó)家培養(yǎng)了一大批農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員。我們這一代中國(guó)人經(jīng)歷過饑餓的痛苦，我們與仍處在饑餓狀態(tài)的人們感同身受，我們希望看到饑餓和貧困在全球被消滅，我們?cè)敢馀c各國(guó)分享農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展模式。中國(guó)的雜交水稻良種已經(jīng)使很多國(guó)家受益。這里我宣布，未來5年，中國(guó)政府將向聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織捐贈(zèng)5000萬(wàn)美元用于開展農(nóng)業(yè)南南合作，并加大對(duì)世界糧食計(jì)劃署和國(guó)際農(nóng)發(fā)基金的支持。 | China's agricultural cooperation with other countries, in particular developing countries, has been on the fast track. In recent years, we have set up agricultural technology demonstration centers, experimental stations and promotion stations in nearly 100 countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Pacific. We have sent over 30,000 agricultural experts and technicians to these countries and helped them to train a large number of technicians of their own. The Chinese of my generation had suffered from hunger, so we share the feelings with people who are still suffering from hunger. We hope to see hunger and poverty eliminated in the whole world and we are willing to share with other countries agricultural technologies, experience and development models. In fact, China's improved hybrid rice strains have already benefited many countries. Here I wish to announce that the Chinese government will donate US$50 million to the FAO in the next five years for carrying out South-South cooperation on agriculture and will increase support to the WFP and the IFAD. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 中國(guó)作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，任何時(shí)候都是維護(hù)世界糧食安全的積極力量。盡管中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展面臨不少困難，但我們?nèi)詫⒉恍概?，用行?dòng)來兌現(xiàn)諾言，主要依靠自己的力量解決好吃飯問題。我們?cè)概c世界各國(guó)攜手奮進(jìn)，共同創(chuàng)造一個(gè)無(wú)饑餓、無(wú)貧困、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的世界。 | As the largest developing country, China will always be an active force for safeguarding world food security. Although China faces quite a few difficulties ahead in its agricultural development, we will continue to work tirelessly to deliver on our commitment through actions. We will ensure adequate food supply mainly on our own. We are ready to work with countries around the world to create a world of sustainable development that is free from hunger and poverty. |
| 剛才總干事先生贈(zèng)送我一本書，介紹他的國(guó)家提高糧食產(chǎn)量、減少饑餓的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我贈(zèng)送給他一本反映大自然美好風(fēng)光的畫冊(cè)。人們只有吃飽了飯，才有欣賞自然風(fēng)光的心境，才有更高的精神追求。打牢糧食這個(gè)人類發(fā)展最重要的基礎(chǔ)，人們的物質(zhì)和精神生活才會(huì)更加美好，世界才會(huì)更加美好。謝謝各位！ | The Director-General just now gave me a book about his country's experience in raising grain output and reducing hunger, and I returned him with an album of beautiful natural sceneries. I believe that only when people have had enough food in their stomach, will they be in the mood to enjoy the beauty of nature and pursue a life of higher cultural attainment. Only when we could ensure the production and supply of food as the most important foundation for human development, will the people enjoy better material and cultural life and the world become a better place for us to live in. Thank you. |
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