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李克強(qiáng)2015年政府工作報(bào)告(全文)
Full text:
Report on the Work of the Government (2015)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2015-03-17
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2015年3月5日上午9時(shí),第十二屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議在人民大會(huì)堂開幕,國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)作政府工作報(bào)告。[中國網(wǎng)]
Premier Li Keqiang delivers the annual government work report at the opening meeting of the third plenary session of the 12th National People's Congress, which opened at 9 a.m. on March 5, 2015 at the Great Hall of the People, Beijing. [China.org.cn]

政府工作報(bào)告

Report on the Work of the Government

——2015年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會(huì)第三次會(huì)議上

Delivered at the Third Session of the 12th National People' s Congress on March 5, 2015

國務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

目 錄

Contents

一、2014年工作回顧I. A Review of the Work in 2014
二、2015年工作總體部署II. The Plan for Work in 2015
三、把改革開放扎實(shí)推向縱深III. Deepening Reform and Opening Up
四、協(xié)調(diào)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長和結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化IV. Balancing Steady Economic Growth and Structural Improvement
五、持續(xù)推進(jìn)民生改善和社會(huì)建設(shè)V. Making Sustained Efforts to Improve Living Standards and Promote Social Development
六、切實(shí)加強(qiáng)政府自身建設(shè)VI. Improving Government
各位代表:Fellow Deputies,
現(xiàn)在,我代表國務(wù)院,向大會(huì)報(bào)告政府工作,請予審議,并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2014年工作回顧I. A Review of the Work in 2014
過去一年,我國發(fā)展面臨的國際國內(nèi)環(huán)境復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇艱難曲折,主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體走勢分化。國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力持續(xù)加大,多重困難和挑戰(zhàn)相互交織。在以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,全國各族人民萬眾一心,克難攻堅(jiān),完成了全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù),全面建成小康社會(huì)邁出堅(jiān)實(shí)步伐,全面深化改革實(shí)現(xiàn)良好開局,全面依法治國開啟新征程,全面從嚴(yán)治黨取得新進(jìn)展。

Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent. Downward pressure on China' s economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.

However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year' s main targets for economic and social development. We have made solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, got off to a good start in comprehensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and seen progress in the all-round strengthening of Party self-conduct.

一年來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展總體平穩(wěn),穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)?!胺€(wěn)”的主要標(biāo)志是,經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行處于合理區(qū)間。增速穩(wěn),國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到63.6萬億元,比上年增長7.4%,在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中名列前茅。就業(yè)穩(wěn),城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1322萬人,高于上年。價(jià)格穩(wěn),居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格上漲2%。“進(jìn)”的總體特征是,發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和可持續(xù)性增強(qiáng)。經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)有新的優(yōu)化,糧食產(chǎn)量達(dá)到6.07億噸,消費(fèi)對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率上升3個(gè)百分點(diǎn),達(dá)到51.2%,服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2%,新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新商業(yè)模式不斷涌現(xiàn)。中西部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速快于東部地區(qū)。發(fā)展質(zhì)量有新的提升,一般公共預(yù)算收入增長8.6%,研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)支出與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比超過2%,能耗強(qiáng)度下降4.8%,是近年來最大降幅。人民生活有新的改善,全國居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長8%,快于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長;農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長9.2%,快于城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增長;農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1232萬人;6600多萬農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問題得到解決;出境旅游超過1億人次。改革開放有新的突破,全面深化改革系列重點(diǎn)任務(wù)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施,本屆政府減少1/3行政審批事項(xiàng)的目標(biāo)提前實(shí)現(xiàn)。這份成績單的確來之不易,它凝聚著全國各族人民的心血和汗水,堅(jiān)定了我們奮勇前行的決心和信心。

During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development. The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.

-- The growth rate was steady. China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.

-- Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year.

-- Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%.

The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.

-- The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 607 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.

-- The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.

-- People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%, outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.

-- New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.

These achievements have not come easily. They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead.

過去一年,困難和挑戰(zhàn)比預(yù)想的大。我們迎難而上,主要做了以下工作。Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated. We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.
一是在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)施定向調(diào)控,保持經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長。面對經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大態(tài)勢,我們保持戰(zhàn)略定力,穩(wěn)定宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策,沒有采取短期強(qiáng)刺激措施,而是繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式,實(shí)行定向調(diào)控,激活力、補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)實(shí)體。把握經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的上下限,抓住發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問題,定向施策,聚焦靶心,精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力。向促改革要?jiǎng)恿?,向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力,向惠民生要潛力,既擴(kuò)大市場需求,又增加有效供給,努力做到結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。

First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, we exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.

In the face of mounting downward economic pressure, we maintained strategic focus and kept our macroeconomic policy unchanged. Instead of using short-term stimulus measures, we continued to develop new ideas and methods for macro regulation. We exercised targeted regulation, stimulated market activity, shored up our weak spots, and boosted the real economy. With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development. We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

有效實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。實(shí)行定向減稅和普遍性降費(fèi),拓寬小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠政策范圍,擴(kuò)大“營改增”試點(diǎn)。加快財(cái)政支出進(jìn)度,積極盤活存量資金。靈活運(yùn)用貨幣政策工具,采取定向降準(zhǔn)、定向再貸款、非對稱降息等措施,加大對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的支持力度,小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”貸款增速比各項(xiàng)貸款平均增速分別高4.2和0.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。同時(shí),完善金融監(jiān)管,堅(jiān)決守住不發(fā)生區(qū)域性系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線。We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries. We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use. By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.
二是深化改革開放,激發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展活力。針對束縛發(fā)展的體制機(jī)制障礙,我們通過全面深化改革,以釋放市場活力對沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力,啃了不少硬骨頭,經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化、社會(huì)、生態(tài)文明等體制改革全面推進(jìn)。

Second, we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.

To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.

扎實(shí)推動(dòng)重點(diǎn)改革。制定并實(shí)施深化財(cái)稅體制改革總體方案,預(yù)算管理制度和稅制改革取得重要進(jìn)展,專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付項(xiàng)目比上年減少1/3以上,一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付比重增加,地方政府性債務(wù)管理得到加強(qiáng)。存款利率和匯率浮動(dòng)區(qū)間擴(kuò)大,民營銀行試點(diǎn)邁出新步伐,“滬港通”試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng),外匯儲(chǔ)備、保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用范圍拓展。能源、交通、環(huán)保、通信等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革加快。啟動(dòng)科技資金管理、考試招生、戶籍、機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度等改革。We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax systems. Important progress was made in the reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened. The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened. Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination and enrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.
繼續(xù)把簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合作為改革的重頭戲。國務(wù)院各部門全年取消和下放246項(xiàng)行政審批事項(xiàng),取消評比達(dá)標(biāo)表彰項(xiàng)目29項(xiàng)、職業(yè)資格許可和認(rèn)定事項(xiàng)149項(xiàng),再次修訂投資項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)目錄,大幅縮減核準(zhǔn)范圍。著力改革商事制度,新登記注冊市場主體達(dá)到1293萬戶,其中新登記注冊企業(yè)增長45.9%,形成新的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱潮。經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,新增就業(yè)不降反增,顯示了改革的巨大威力和市場的無限潛力。We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration and delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items. We cancelled 29 performance evaluations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications. We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review. We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system. The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrepreneurial activity. While economic growth slowed down, more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market.
以開放促改革促發(fā)展。擴(kuò)展上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)范圍,新設(shè)廣東、天津、福建自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)。穩(wěn)定出口,增加進(jìn)口,出口占國際市場份額繼續(xù)提升。實(shí)際使用外商直接投資1196億美元,居世界首位。對外直接投資1029億美元,與利用外資并駕齊驅(qū)。中國與冰島、瑞士自貿(mào)區(qū)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施,中韓、中澳自貿(mào)區(qū)完成實(shí)質(zhì)性談判。鐵路、電力、油氣、通信等領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夂献魅〉弥匾晒?,中國裝備正大步走向世界。We drew on further opening up to boost reform and development. We expanded the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone and established similar zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We worked to keep exports stable and increase imports, and China' s international market share in exports continued to increase. Foreign direct investment actually made in China reached $119.6 billion, making the country the world' s top destination for foreign direct investment. China' s outward foreign direct investment reached $102.9 billion, meaning that outward investment has come to draw even with inward investment. China' s free trade zone arrangements with Iceland and Switzerland were officially launched, and China completed substantive talks on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia. Major progress was made in cooperation with other countries in fields such as railways, electric power, oil, natural gas, and communications. Chinese equipment is making significant strides into the international market.
三是加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度,增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。在結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出的情況下,我們積極作為,有扶有控,多辦當(dāng)前急需又利長遠(yuǎn)的事,夯實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展根基。

Third, we stepped up structural adjustments to make China' s development more sustainable.

We took proactive steps to address prominent structural problems and supported the development of certain areas while containing the development of others, focusing on urgently needed initiatives that promise long-term benefits. Our goal herein has been to lay a firm foundation for economic and social development.

不斷鞏固農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)。加大強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策力度,實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食產(chǎn)量“十一連增”、農(nóng)民收入“五連快”。農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力穩(wěn)步提高,農(nóng)業(yè)科技和機(jī)械化水平持續(xù)提升,重大水利工程建設(shè)進(jìn)度加快,新增節(jié)水灌溉面積223萬公頃,新建改建農(nóng)村公路23萬公里。新一輪退耕還林還草啟動(dòng)實(shí)施。農(nóng)村土地確權(quán)登記頒證有序進(jìn)行,農(nóng)業(yè)新型經(jīng)營主體加快成長。Work was done to strengthen the foundations of agriculture. We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards. Grain output increased for the 11th consecutive year, and the income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents for the fifth year running. Overall agricultural production capacity was steadily improved. Agricultural science and technology continued to be strengthened, and agriculture was further mechanized. The pace of progress in the construction of major water conservancy projects was stepped up. Farmland under water-saving irrigation was increased by 2.23 million hectares. An additional 230,000 kilometers of roads were built or upgraded in rural areas. We launched a new round of efforts to return more marginal farmland to forest or grassland. The work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land-use rights proceeded as planned, and new types of agricultural businesses registered faster growth.
大力調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)。著力培育新的增長點(diǎn),促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)加快發(fā)展,支持發(fā)展移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、集成電路、高端裝備制造、新能源汽車等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融異軍突起,電子商務(wù)、物流快遞等新業(yè)態(tài)快速成長,眾多“創(chuàng)客”脫穎而出,文化創(chuàng)意產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。同時(shí),繼續(xù)化解過剩產(chǎn)能,鋼鐵、水泥等15個(gè)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)淘汰落后產(chǎn)能年度任務(wù)如期完成。加強(qiáng)霧霾治理,淘汰黃標(biāo)車和老舊車指標(biāo)超額完成。

We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry. We focused on fostering new areas of growth by encouraging the service sector to develop more quickly, and supporting the development of strategic emerging industries, including the mobile Internet industry, the integrated circuits industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, and the new-energy vehicles industry. Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence. E-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly. We have seen makers coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality.

At the same time, we continued to cut overcapacity. Fifteen key industries including steel and cement achieved their task for the year of shutting down outdated production facilities as scheduled. We stepped up efforts to prevent and control smog and surpassed this year' s targets for removing high-emission and old vehicles from the roads.

推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶建設(shè)取得重要進(jìn)展。新建鐵路投產(chǎn)里程8427公里,高速鐵路運(yùn)營里程達(dá)1.6萬公里,占世界的60%以上。高速公路通車?yán)锍踢_(dá)11.2萬公里,水路、民航、管道建設(shè)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。農(nóng)網(wǎng)改造穩(wěn)步進(jìn)行。寬帶用戶超過7.8億戶。經(jīng)過多年努力,南水北調(diào)中線一期工程正式通水,惠及沿線億萬群眾。Progress was made in developing infrastructure and promoting coordinated development among regions. Significant progress was made in coordinated development for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and in building the Yangtze Economic Belt. An additional 8,427 kilometers of railway lines were put into operation. The length of high-speed railways that are up and running in China reached 16,000 kilometers, accounting for more than 60% of the world' s total. The length of the country' s expressways open to traffic grew to total 112,000 kilometers. Waterways, civil aviation, and pipelines were all further developed. Steady progress was made in upgrading rural power grids. The number of broadband Internet users exceeded 780 million. Thanks to many years of hard work, the first phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was officially put into operation, benefiting millions of people along the route.
實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。著力打通科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化通道,擴(kuò)大中關(guān)村國家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)試點(diǎn)政策實(shí)施范圍,推進(jìn)科技資源開放共享,科技人員創(chuàng)新活力不斷釋放。超級計(jì)算、探月工程、衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用等重大科研項(xiàng)目取得新突破,我國自主研制的支線客機(jī)飛上藍(lán)天。We implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development. We helped commercialize research and development deliverables, expanded the scope of trial policies from the Zhongguancun National Innovation Demonstration Zone to other areas, and ensured that scientific and technological resources were openly shared. All this has been helping to constantly unleash the creativity of scientists and engineers. Breakthroughs have been made in major research projects such as supercomputing, the lunar exploration program, and satellite applications, and a regional jet developed and produced in China has been successfully put into service.
四是織密織牢民生保障網(wǎng),增進(jìn)人民福祉。我們堅(jiān)持以人為本,持續(xù)增加民生投入,保基本、兜底線、建機(jī)制,盡管財(cái)政收入增速放緩、支出壓力加大,但財(cái)政用于民生的比例達(dá)到70%以上。

Fourth, we worked on developing a tightly woven and sturdy safety net to secure and improve living standards.

We continued to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living. We have been working to build up a basic safety net, ensure there is a cushion in place for those most in need, and make relevant institutional arrangements. Despite a slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, more than 70% of last year' s government budget was spent on ensuring standards of living.

加強(qiáng)就業(yè)和社會(huì)保障。完善就業(yè)促進(jìn)政策,推出創(chuàng)業(yè)引領(lǐng)計(jì)劃,高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)穩(wěn)中有升。統(tǒng)一城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度,企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平又提高10%。新開工保障性安居工程740萬套,基本建成511萬套。全面建立臨時(shí)救助制度,城鄉(xiāng)低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別提高9.97%和14.1%,殘疾軍人、烈屬和老復(fù)員軍人等優(yōu)撫對象撫恤和生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高20%以上。We worked to strengthen employment and social security. We improved the policies to stimulate employment and initiated the scheme to help college students and graduates to start businesses, ensuring a steady increase in the employment of college graduates. We unified the basic pension systems for rural residents and non-working urban residents and increased basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees by a further 10%. Construction began on 7.4 million government-subsidized housing units, and 5.11 million such units were basically completed. We established a nationwide temporary-assistance system, increased subsistence allowances by 9.97% for urban residents and 14.1% for rural residents, and increased subsidies and living allowances by more than 20% for disabled military personnel, families of revolutionary martyrs, and old-age veterans.
繼續(xù)促進(jìn)教育公平。加強(qiáng)貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校建設(shè),提高家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)困難學(xué)生資助水平,國家助學(xué)貸款資助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大幅上調(diào)。中等職業(yè)學(xué)校免學(xué)費(fèi)補(bǔ)助政策擴(kuò)大到三年。實(shí)行義務(wù)教育免試就近入學(xué)政策,28個(gè)省份實(shí)現(xiàn)了農(nóng)民工隨遷子女在流入地參加高考。貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村學(xué)生上重點(diǎn)高校人數(shù)連續(xù)兩年增長10%以上。經(jīng)過努力,全國財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例超過4%。We continued to make progress in securing fair access to education. We strengthened efforts to improve badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, increased financial aid to students from poor families, and significantly increased the amount available per eligible student for national study assistance loans. The scheme to subsidize the waiving of tuition fees at schools providing secondary vocational education was extended to cover three years of study. Policies have been introduced to ensure that children can receive compulsory education at schools close to where they live without having to take entrance exams, and 28 provincial-level administrative areas began to allow children who live with their migrant worker parents to take the college entrance exam in their cities of residence. The number of students from poor rural areas who were newly enrolled in key colleges and universities increased by more than 10% for the second year running. Through hard work, government spending on education has come to reach over 4% of GDP.
深入推進(jìn)醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生改革發(fā)展。城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)擴(kuò)大到所有省份,疾病應(yīng)急救助制度基本建立,全民醫(yī)保覆蓋面超過95%?;鶎俞t(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)綜合改革深化,縣鄉(xiāng)村服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)逐步完善。公立醫(yī)院改革試點(diǎn)縣市達(dá)到1300多個(gè)。We intensified efforts to reform and develop medical and health care. Trials of serious illness insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were extended to all provincial-level administrative areas, the framework of the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment was established, and over 95% of the whole population was covered by medical insurance. The comprehensive reform of community medical and healthcare centers was deepened, and the networks of medical and healthcare services for counties, townships, and villages have been steadily improved. The number of counties and county-level cities carrying out trial public hospital reforms reached over 1,300.
積極發(fā)展文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)。推動(dòng)重大文化惠民項(xiàng)目建設(shè),廣播電視“村村通”工程向“戶戶通”升級。實(shí)施文藝精品戰(zhàn)略,完善現(xiàn)代文化市場體系。群眾健身活動(dòng)蓬勃開展,成功舉辦南京青奧會(huì)。We worked actively to develop the cultural sector. Progress was made in developing major cultural initiatives designed to benefit the public. Great efforts were made to extend radio and television coverage not only to all villages but to all rural homes. Efforts were made to ensure the production of more high-quality literary and artistic works, and the modern culture market was improved. Popular fitness activities are flourishing nationwide, and the 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing were a great success.
五是創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理,促進(jìn)和諧穩(wěn)定。我們妥善應(yīng)對自然災(zāi)害和突發(fā)事件,有序化解社會(huì)矛盾,建立健全機(jī)制,強(qiáng)化源頭防范,保障人民生命安全,維護(hù)良好的社會(huì)秩序。

Fifth, we have been developing new forms of social governance, and promoting social harmony and stability.

We responded effectively to natural disasters and emergencies, worked to resolve social problems in a systematic way, and strengthened mechanisms to address problems at the source. These efforts have protected lives and ensured public order.

去年云南魯?shù)椤⒕肮鹊鹊匕l(fā)生較強(qiáng)地震,我們及時(shí)高效展開抗震救災(zāi),災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建順利推進(jìn)。積極援非抗擊埃博拉疫情,有效防控疫情輸入。加強(qiáng)安全生產(chǎn)工作,事故總量、重特大事故、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)事故持續(xù)下降。著力治理餐桌污染,食品藥品安全形勢總體穩(wěn)定。Last year, when strong earthquakes hit in areas including Ludian and Jinggu counties in Yunnan Province, we launched timely and efficient relief efforts and made smooth progress in post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. We worked proactively to assist Africa in the fight against Ebola, and effectively prevented the virus from entering China. We intensified efforts to ensure workplace safety and achieved reductions in the number of total accidents, serious and major accidents, and accidents in key industries. Serious efforts were made to prevent food contamination, and on the whole the situation was kept stable in food and medicine safety.
我們大力推進(jìn)依法行政,國務(wù)院提請全國人大常委會(huì)制定修訂食品安全法等法律15件,制定修訂企業(yè)信息公示暫行條例等行政法規(guī)38件。政務(wù)公開深入推進(jìn),政府重大決策和政策以多種形式向社會(huì)廣泛征求意見。完成第三次全國經(jīng)濟(jì)普查。改革信訪工作制度。法律援助范圍從低保群體擴(kuò)大到低收入群體。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)建設(shè),行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)等四類社會(huì)組織實(shí)現(xiàn)直接登記。嚴(yán)厲打擊各類犯罪活動(dòng),強(qiáng)化社會(huì)治安綜合治理,維護(hù)了國家安全和公共安全。In a major push to advance law-based government administration, the State Council submitted proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People' s Congress (NPC) on enacting or revising 15 laws including the Food Safety Law, and formulated or revised 38 sets of administrative regulations including the Provisional Regulations on Enterprise Information Disclosure. We took thorough steps to increase transparency in government operations, and used multiple means to widely solicit comments from the public on major government decisions and policies. The third national economic census was completed. We reformed the system for handling public complaints made in the form of letters or visits. Legal aid was expanded to cover not only people living on subsistence allowances but also those on low incomes. We strengthened efforts in both urban and rural community building, and made direct registration a reality for four types of social organizations, including industry associations and chambers of commerce. We cracked down on crime, strengthened efforts in the comprehensive maintenance of law and order, and effectively safeguarded national security and public safety.
我們嚴(yán)格落實(shí)黨中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定精神,持之以恒糾正“四風(fēng)”。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行國務(wù)院“約法三章”,政府性樓堂館所、機(jī)關(guān)事業(yè)單位人員編制、“三公”經(jīng)費(fèi)得到有效控制。加大行政監(jiān)察和審計(jì)監(jiān)督力度,推進(jìn)黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭,嚴(yán)肅查處違紀(jì)違法案件,一批腐敗分子得到應(yīng)有懲處。We have been strictly putting into practice the CPC Central Committee' s eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and making persistent efforts to fight formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. We have been rigorously implementing the State Council' s three-point decision on curbing government spending, and have effectively controlled the construction of new government buildings, the staffing of government bodies and public institutions, and the spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality. Administrative supervision and auditing oversight have been intensified; efforts have been stepped up to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption; and we have investigated and prosecuted violations of the law and discipline, bringing many offenders to justice.
我們狠抓重大政策措施的落實(shí),認(rèn)真開展督查,引入第三方評估和社會(huì)評價(jià),建立長效機(jī)制,有力促進(jìn)了各項(xiàng)工作。We have taken strong steps to ensure the implementation of major policies and measures, carrying out inspections, introducing third-party evaluations and public appraisals, and establishing permanent mechanisms. These efforts have gone a long way in advancing all of our work.
一年來,外交工作成果豐碩。習(xí)近平主席等國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人出訪多國,出席二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人峰會(huì)、金磚國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤、上海合作組織峰會(huì)、東亞合作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人系列會(huì)議、亞歐首腦會(huì)議、達(dá)沃斯論壇等重大活動(dòng)。成功舉辦亞太經(jīng)合組織第二十二次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會(huì)議、亞信會(huì)議第四次峰會(huì)、博鰲亞洲論壇。積極參與多邊機(jī)制建立和國際規(guī)則制定。大國外交穩(wěn)中有進(jìn),周邊外交呈現(xiàn)新局面,同發(fā)展中國家合作取得新進(jìn)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)外交成果顯著。推進(jìn)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路建設(shè),籌建亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行,設(shè)立絲路基金。我們與各國的交往合作越來越緊密,中國在國際舞臺上負(fù)責(zé)任大國形象日益彰顯。

Over the past year, Chinese diplomacy has been fruitful. President Xi Jinping and other state leaders visited many countries and attended major international events, including the G20 Leaders Summit, the BRICS Leaders Meeting, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit, the East Asian leaders' meetings on cooperation, the Asia-Europe Meeting, the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2014 in Tianjin, and the World Economic Forum annual meeting 2015 in Davos, Switzerland. China hosted the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the Fourth Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia, and the Boao Forum for Asia.

China has been participating actively in establishing multilateral mechanisms and writing international rules. We have made steady progress in developing relations with other major countries, entered a new phase in neighborhood diplomacy, and made new headway in our cooperation with other developing countries. Notable progress has been made in conducting economic diplomacy.

Progress has been made in pursuing the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road initiatives; preparations have been made for establishing the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Silk Road Fund has been set up.

China is engaging in more exchanges and cooperation with other countries, and is increasingly recognized as a major responsible country on the international stage.

各位代表!Fellow Deputies,
一年來取得的成績,是以習(xí)近平同志為總書記的黨中央統(tǒng)攬全局、科學(xué)決策的結(jié)果,是全黨全軍全國各族人民共同努力、不懈奮斗的結(jié)果。我代表國務(wù)院,向全國各族人民,向各民主黨派、各人民團(tuán)體和各界人士,表示誠摯感謝!向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞、澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞,表示誠摯感謝!向關(guān)心和支持中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè)的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友,表示誠摯感謝!

We owe the achievements of the past year to the overall planning and sound policymaking of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and to the concerted and unremitting efforts of all members of the Party and the armed forces, and all of China' s people.

On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to the non-CPC parties, people' s organizations, and people from all sectors of society. We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and to Chinese nationals overseas. We also wish to express true gratitude to the governments, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who show understanding for and support China in its endeavor to modernize.

我們既要看到成績,更要看到前進(jìn)中的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。投資增長乏力,新的消費(fèi)熱點(diǎn)不多,國際市場沒有大的起色,穩(wěn)增長難度加大,一些領(lǐng)域仍存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格持續(xù)下降,生產(chǎn)要素成本上升,小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴問題突出,企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難增多。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式比較粗放,創(chuàng)新能力不足,產(chǎn)能過剩問題突出,農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)薄弱。群眾對醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老、住房、交通、教育、收入分配、食品安全、社會(huì)治安等還有不少不滿意的地方。有些地方環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,重大安全事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。政府工作還存在不足,有些政策措施落實(shí)不到位。少數(shù)政府機(jī)關(guān)工作人員亂作為,一些腐敗問題觸目驚心,有的為官不為,在其位不謀其政,該辦的事不辦。我們要直面問題,安不忘危,治不忘亂,勇于擔(dān)當(dāng),不辱歷史使命,不負(fù)人民重托。

While recognizing our achievements, we must also be mindful of the difficulties and challenges on the road ahead:

-- Growth in investment is sluggish; the number of new areas of strong consumer activity is limited; there is no sign the international market is about to significantly pick up; maintaining stable growth is becoming more difficult, and there are still latent risks in some areas.

-- The prices of manufactured products are continuing to fall; the costs of factors of production are on the rise; small and micro businesses are finding it difficult and costly to obtain financing; and enterprises face increasing difficulties in their production and operations.

-- China' s economic growth model remains inefficient; our capacity for innovation is insufficient; overcapacity is a pronounced problem, and the foundation of agriculture is weak.

-- There are still many problems of public concern in medical services, elderly care, housing, transport, education, income distribution, food safety, and law and order. Environmental pollution is serious in some localities, and major accidents in the workplace are not uncommon.

-- There is still much to be improved in the work of the government, with some policies and measures not being satisfactorily implemented. A small number of government employees behave irresponsibly; shocking cases of corruption still exist; and some government officials are neglectful of their duties, holding onto their jobs while failing to fulfill their responsibilities.

We must face these problems head on. In times of peace one must be alert to danger, and in times of stability one must be mindful of the potential for chaos. We must be ready to bear the weight of responsibility, do justice to our historic mission, and live up to the great trust the people place in us.

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