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2015年中央和地方預算報告(全文)
Full text:
Report on China's central, local budgets (2015)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2015-03-26
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二、2015年中央和地方預算草案II. Central and Local Draft Budgets for 2015
2015年是全面深化改革的關鍵之年,是全面推進依法治國的開局之年,也是全面完成“十二五”規(guī)劃的收官之年。編制好2015年預算,進一步發(fā)揮好財政職能作用,對于貫徹落實黨中央、國務院各項決策部署,推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化,具有十分重要的意義。The year 2015 will be crucial to the comprehensive deepening of reform; it is the first year for comprehensively advancing the law-based governance of China and the final year for completing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. When it comes to carrying out the policies and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and modernizing our nation's governance system and capacity for governance, it is of great significance that the budgets for 2015 are well formulated, and that we go further in giving proper expression to the role of public finance.
2015年國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟形勢依然錯綜復雜。受經(jīng)濟下行壓力加大、結(jié)構調(diào)整深化、全面推進改革、財政收入增速下降等影響,今年收支矛盾更加突出。根據(jù)面臨的財政經(jīng)濟形勢,2015年財政工作和預算編制,要全面貫徹落實黨的十八大和十八屆三中、四中全會以及中央經(jīng)濟工作會議精神,深入貫徹習近平總書記系列重要講話精神,按照黨中央、國務院決策部署,堅持穩(wěn)中求進、改革創(chuàng)新,繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策并適當加大力度,充分發(fā)揮財稅政策促進穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構、促改革的重要作用;深化財稅體制改革,全面落實新預算法和國務院關于深化預算管理制度改革的決定,完善預算管理各項制度,切實推進預算公開透明;健全政府預算體系,加大預算統(tǒng)籌力度;用好增量,盤活存量,優(yōu)化財政支出結(jié)構,有保有壓,確保重點領域特別是民生領域支出,從嚴控制一般性支出,嚴肅財經(jīng)紀律;加強地方政府性債務管理,切實防范財政風險,促進經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展和社會和諧穩(wěn)定。In 2015, the domestic and international economic situation will remain complicated. With the impact of growing downward pressure on the economy, further structural adjustments, all-round reform, and the slowdown in the growth of government revenue, the imbalance in government revenue and expenditure this year will be more notable. In light of the fiscal and economic situation that we face, in carrying out public finance work and preparing the budgets for 2015, we need to fully put into practice the guiding principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the third and fourth plenary sessions of its 18th Central Committee, and the Central Economic Work Conference; act in the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's major speeches and, on the basis of the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, persevere with seeking progress while keeping performance stable and with carrying out reforms and innovations. We need to continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and, to an appropriate extent, step up the intensity, giving full scope to the important role of fiscal and tax policies in stabilizing growth, advancing structural adjustment, and promoting reform. We need to deepen reform of the fiscal and tax systems, thoroughly put into effect the new Budget Law and the decision of the State Council on deepening reform of the budget management system, improve regulations on budgetary management, and make our budgets more open and transparent. We need to improve the government budgeting system and increase the coordination between budgets. We need to make good use of both available and additional funds, and optimize the structure of budgetary expenditures, ensuring spending in some areas while cutting it in others so that spending in key areas, especially areas relating to the people's quality of life, is guaranteed while general expenditures are brought under tight control. We must enforce strict financial discipline. We must strengthen management of local government debt, be on our guard against fiscal risks, and give impetus to steady, sound economic development and social harmony and stability.
新預算法于2015年實施。2015年中央和地方預算編制,嚴格落實新預算法要求。一是詳細報告新預算法規(guī)定的人民代表大會審查預算的重點事項,包括上年度預算執(zhí)行、本年度預算安排、政府債務、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等。二是重點報告支出預算和財政政策,自覺接受監(jiān)督。三是盤活財政存量資金。中央和地方財政進一步清理結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余資金,嚴格控制新增結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余,將清理出來的資金統(tǒng)籌用于經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重點領域。四是加大預算統(tǒng)籌力度。將政府性基金預算中地方教育附加等11項基金收支列入一般公共預算;進一步提高國有資本經(jīng)營預算調(diào)入一般公共預算的比例。五是細化預算編制。將預算草案中的中央本級和中央部門基本支出預算細化到經(jīng)濟分類科目;在分項目編報轉(zhuǎn)移支付預算的基礎上,分地區(qū)編報轉(zhuǎn)移支付預算;進一步壓縮代編預算規(guī)模,提高年初預算到位率。六是全面推進預算公開。除涉密信息外,所有使用財政撥款的部門都要做好預算公開。

The new Budget Law comes into effect in 2015, thus the requirements of that law must be strictly complied with in preparing the central and local government budgets for this year.

First, key items in the budgets that, according to the stipulations of the new Budget Law, are subject to examination and approval by people's congresses, need to be reported in detail, including the implementation of the previous year's budgets, arrangements for this year's budgets, government debt, and transfer payments.

Second, the emphasis must be on reporting on budgeted expenditure and fiscal policies so as to actively invite oversight.

Third, available funds need to be put to good use. The central and local governments will go further to sort out carryover and surplus funds, keep newly added carryover and surplus funds under strict control, and make use of recovered funds in key areas of economic and social development.

Fourth, efforts to carry out overall planning for budgets need to be intensified. Revenue and expenditure from local educational surcharge and ten other funds will be transferred from government-managed funds budgets to general public budgets. And the proportion of funds to be transferred from the budgets for state capital operations to the general public budgets will be further increased.

Fifth, budgets need to be made more detailed. Budgets for basic expenditures at the central level and for central government departments in the draft budgets need to be detailed down to the specific economic category. On the basis of having itemized budgets for transfer payments by project, such budgets also need to be detailed to specific regions. The overall size of budgets compiled by finance departments for other departments and projects will be further cut back, and we will make more funds for budgetary items available at the start of the year.

Sixth, we need to make progress across the board in releasing budgets. With the exception of cases in which classified information is involved, any department that receives government appropriations must make its budgets open to the public.

(一)2015年財政政策。1. Fiscal policy for 2015
2015年繼續(xù)實施積極的財政政策并適當加大力度,主要體現(xiàn)在四個方面:一是適當擴大財政赤字規(guī)模和動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金,加大支出力度。2015年全國財政赤字16200億元,比2014年增加2700億元,中央和地方財政赤字規(guī)模都有所增加。赤字占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重約2.3%,比2014年提高0.2個百分點。此外,納入政府性基金預算管理的地方政府專項債務增加1000億元,中央財政動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金1124億元,進一步加大支出力度。二是實行結(jié)構性減稅和普遍性降費,加強對實體經(jīng)濟的支持。結(jié)合稅制改革,在清理規(guī)范稅收等優(yōu)惠政策的同時,力爭全面完成營改增任務,進一步消除重復征稅。落實好普遍性降費措施,減免涉及小微企業(yè)的有關行政事業(yè)性收費和政府性基金,繼續(xù)清理亂收費,切實減輕小微企業(yè)負擔。三是加大盤活財政存量資金力度,提高財政資金使用效益。按照新預算法要求,清理結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)余資金,將盤活的財政資金重點投向民生改善、公共服務和基礎設施等領域。清理財政專戶,設定預算周轉(zhuǎn)金和預算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金的上限,編制三年滾動財政規(guī)劃,防止產(chǎn)生新的資金沉淀。四是保持一定的政府投資規(guī)模,發(fā)揮好引導作用。2015年安排中央基建投資4776億元,比上年增加200億元。調(diào)整優(yōu)化安排方向,主要用于國家重大工程,跨地區(qū)、跨流域的投資項目以及外部性強的重點項目,進一步減少競爭性領域投入和對地方的小、散項目投資補助。

We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy in 2015 and, as appropriate, increase the intensity. This will be mainly reflected in the following four areas:

First, we will increase the deficit by an appropriate amount and put to use funds carried over from previous years to increase the intensity of spending. Government deficit for 2015 is projected to be 1.62 trillion yuan nationwide, an increase of 270 billion yuan over last year, with increases in both the central government deficit and the local government deficit. This means that the deficit to GDP ratio will come to approximately 2.3%, up 0.2 percentage points on last year. In addition, the special debt of local governments that has been placed under the management of government-managed funds budgets will be increased by 100 billion yuan; and the central government will use 112.4 billion yuan of funds carried over from previous years to further increase the intensity of spending.

Second, we will implement structural tax cuts as well as reductions to fees across the board to strengthen our support for the real economy. As we push forward with the reform of the tax system, we will review and standardize tax relief and other preferential policies, and channel great energy into completing our work to replace business tax with VAT in all industries, thus further eliminating duplicate tax charges. We will make sure measures to reduce fees across the board are fully implemented, reduce or waive payments into government-managed funds as well as administrative charges for small and micro businesses, and continue to do away with unauthorized charges in order to relieve the burden on these enterprises.

Third, we will strengthen efforts to make use of available government funds, and use funds more effectively. We will act in line with the requirements of the new Budget Law to develop an accurate picture of carryover and surplus funds, and in putting these funds to use we will favor areas such as public services, infrastructure, and improving quality of life. We will review special fiscal accounts, set ceilings for working capital in the budgets and budget stabilization funds, and carry out fiscal planning on a rolling basis for the next three years to prevent new funds from becoming idle.

Fourth, we will keep government investments at a certain scale, and make good use of the guiding role of such investments. This year the central government will earmark 477.6 billion yuan for investment in infrastructure, which is 20 billion yuan more than the previous year. The orientation of government investment will be adjusted and improved, with funds being used primarily for major state projects, trans-regional and cross-watershed investment projects, and major projects with strong externalities. We will further reduce investment in competitive areas and on subsidizing small and miscellaneous local projects.

主要支出政策:Major spending policies are as follows:
教育方面。實施第二期學前教育行動計劃。繼續(xù)聚焦貧困地區(qū)、聚焦薄弱學校,支持和引導地方加大貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村中小學寄宿制學校建設、縣鎮(zhèn)“大班額”學校擴容改造、中小學生活附屬設施建設等方面的投入力度,全面改善義務教育薄弱學校基本辦學條件。落實國家資助政策體系。將中職學校、普通高中國家助學金兩項助學金標準從年生均1500元提高到2000元。繼續(xù)實施現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育質(zhì)量提升計劃,引導和激勵地方加快完善高職院校生均撥款制度,中央財政將根據(jù)各地撥款制度建立、經(jīng)費投入、改革發(fā)展等因素給予綜合獎補。改革完善中央高校投入機制,合理分擔培養(yǎng)成本,促進內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)。支持地方高校發(fā)展,促進提高質(zhì)量、辦出特色。推動教育國際交流合作。

Education

We will carry out the second phase of the action plan for preschool education. Our focus will continue to be on poor areas and schools that are badly built and poorly operated, and support and guidance will be given to local governments to encourage them to increase input into efforts to develop primary and secondary boarding schools in poor rural areas, expand and renovate schools in counties and townships to help them cope with increasing class sizes as more and more students from villages attend these schools, and improve facilities for primary and secondary school students, all with the aim of improving the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools for compulsory education. We will implement the system of government financial aid policies. We will raise the annual government grants for students in secondary vocational schools and regular senior high schools from 1,500 yuan to 2,000 yuan per student. We will continue to implement the quality improvement plan for modern vocational education, and guide and incentivize local governments to step up the pace of work to improve their systems for allocating funds to vocational colleges based on student numbers. In this regard, awards and subsidies will be given to local governments from the central budget based on an evaluation of their respective progress in developing such a system, contribution of financial resources, reform and development in vocational education, and other factors. We will reform and improve the funding mechanisms for institutions of higher learning under the central government so that the cost of education can be shared between the government and students in a reasonable way; and we will encourage these institutions to embrace an internal quality building model of development and cultivate innovative students. We will support the development of local universities and colleges, pushing them to improve quality and helping them bring out their own distinct features. Impetus will be given to international exchange and cooperation in education.

科技方面。落實創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。深化中央財政科技計劃(專項、基金等)管理改革,積極推進各類科技計劃優(yōu)化整合,建立公開統(tǒng)一的國家科技管理平臺,構建全鏈條、一體化的組織實施方式。改進加強科研項目和資金管理。增加國家科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化引導基金規(guī)模,吸引更多社會資金、金融資本支持科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化。設立國家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導基金,主要投向新興產(chǎn)業(yè)早中期、初創(chuàng)期創(chuàng)新型企業(yè),通過政府和社會、民間資金協(xié)同發(fā)力,促進創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級。建立國家重大科研基礎設施和大型科研儀器向社會開放的后補助機制,促進科技資源開放共享。完善中央級科研機構投入機制。加大基礎研究投入,支持提高原始創(chuàng)新能力。支持加快推進實施國家科技重大專項。完善政府采購支持創(chuàng)新的政策措施,加大創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品采購力度。開展首臺(套)重大技術裝備保險補償機制試點。

Science and technology

We will put into practice the strategy of innovation-driven development. We will deepen reform in the management of science and technology initiatives (projects and funds) financed by the central government, taking proactive steps to optimize and integrate all types of science and technology initiatives, establishing an open and unified national science and technology management platform, and developing comprehensive, integrated methods for planning and implementing initiatives. We will improve and strengthen the management of research programs and their funding. We will expand the scale of the national seed fund for the application of scientific and technological advances and attract more nongovernmental funds and financial capital to support application. We will establish a national seed fund for investment in business start-ups in emerging industries, offering financial support primarily to innovative enterprises in emerging industries which are still in the embryonic stage, thus generating impetus for new businesses, innovation, and the upgrading of industry by pooling government, nongovernment, and private funds. We will promote the open sharing of scientific and technological resources by establishing a mechanism of subsidizing operators of major national facilities for scientific research and large or costly research apparatus who allow public access to their facilities. We will improve the funding mechanism for research institutes at the central level. We will increase spending on basic research and support efforts that raise our ability to make original innovations. We will give financial support to speed up progress in major national science and technology initiatives. We will improve government procurement policies and measures that support innovation and increase procurement of innovative products. Trials will be launched to test a compensation mechanism for insuring major newly developed technological equipment.

社會保障和就業(yè)方面。繼續(xù)按照10%的幅度提高企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平。以制度本身精算平衡為重點,改革完善統(tǒng)賬結(jié)合的職工基本養(yǎng)老保險制度,堵塞制度漏洞,增強基金支撐能力。

Social security and employment

We will keep to the rate of 10% in raising basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees. In reforming and improving the basic pension system for workers, we will focus on actuarial balance, combining contributions from different sources with funds in personal accounts, so as to close loopholes in the system and strengthen the supporting capacity of the insurance fund.

建立機關事業(yè)單位基本養(yǎng)老保險制度,單位按工資總額的20%繳費,個人按繳費工資基數(shù)的8%繳費。建立職業(yè)年金制度,單位按工資總額的8%繳費,個人按繳費工資基數(shù)的4%繳費。同時,調(diào)整機關事業(yè)單位工作人員工資。推進在縣以下機關實行公務員職務與職級并行制度。完成規(guī)范公務員津貼補貼和事業(yè)單位實施績效工資工作,研究建立地區(qū)附加津貼制度。A basic pension system for the employees of Party and government offices and public institutions will be established, in which the contribution from the employer is equivalent to 20% of the employee's total salary and the individual contribution is equivalent to 8% of the base figure of the employee's salary. An occupational annuity system will also be established, in which the contribution from the employer is equivalent to 8% of an employee's total salary and the individual contribution is equivalent to 4% of the base figure of the employee's salary. Adjustments will be made to the salaries of employees in government bodies and public institutions. For public servants at the county level or lower, a salary system based on both position and rank will be implemented. We will complete work on standardizing allowances and subsidies for public servants and introducing performance-based pay in public institutions, and conduct research on the establishment of a system of additional allowances for certain areas.
加大對困難群眾基本生活救助補助的支持力度,全面實施臨時救助制度,做好城鄉(xiāng)居民最低生活保障工作。適時調(diào)整優(yōu)撫對象等人員撫恤和生活補助標準。We will increase support for financial aid and living subsidies to people facing serious difficulties to ensure that they have access to basic necessities, implement the temporary assistance system nationwide, and make sure work related to the subsistence allowances for both urban and rural residents is done properly. Adjustments will be made to subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups when appropriate.
優(yōu)化就業(yè)支出結(jié)構。深入實施高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)促進計劃、大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)引領計劃,著重做好包括農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動力等困難群體的就業(yè)工作。落實和完善失業(yè)保險穩(wěn)崗補貼政策,降低企業(yè)失業(yè)保險費率。加強政府公共就業(yè)服務能力。We will optimize the mix of expenditures on employment. We will implement the initiative for promoting employment for university graduates and the scheme for guiding university students in starting new businesses, and give priority to work related to the employment of groups in more difficult circumstances, including migrant workers. We will put into effect and improve the policy of providing subsidies from the unemployment insurance fund to enterprises which maintain stable employee numbers during structural adjustments, and reduce the contributions of enterprises to the unemployment insurance fund. We will strengthen the government's capacity for providing public employment services.
醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生方面。加大公共衛(wèi)生服務和公立醫(yī)院綜合改革投入力度。將基本公共衛(wèi)生服務經(jīng)費財政補助標準從人均35元提高到40元,農(nóng)村地區(qū)新增資金全部用于支付村醫(yī)提供的基本公共衛(wèi)生服務。加大重大疾病防治支持力度??h級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革擴大到所有縣,中央財政繼續(xù)按每個縣300萬元標準予以補助。進一步擴大城市公立醫(yī)院改革范圍。繼續(xù)推進住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓工作,中央財政按每人每年3萬元標準予以補助。

Medical and health care

We will increase investment in public health services and comprehensive public hospital reform. We will raise annual per capita spending on basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan, with the entire additional funds in rural areas to be used for purchasing basic public health services from rural doctors. We will increase support for the prevention and control of major diseases. The comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals will be extended to all counties, and the central government will continue to provide a subsidy of three million yuan per county. The reform of public hospitals in urban areas will be extended to more cities. Efforts will be continued to provide standardized training for resident physicians, with annual subsidies of 30,000 yuan per person from the central government.

完善城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)保制度,將新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療和城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)療保險財政補助標準從每人每年320元提高到380元,同時個人繳費標準由90元相應提高到120元。全面開展城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險,適當提高籌資標準。We will improve the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents, raise government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for nonworking urban residents from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person per annum, and make a corresponding increase to the annual individual contribution, which will go up from 90 to 120 yuan per person. The major disease insurance scheme for rural and non-working urban residents will be introduced nationwide, with an appropriate increase in the required contributions.
農(nóng)業(yè)方面。進一步支持實施生態(tài)環(huán)境友好型農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。擴大重金屬污染耕地修復治理試點和地下水超采綜合治理試點范圍。支持深松整地、保護性耕作和秸稈還田,恢復并提升地力。加大對產(chǎn)糧、產(chǎn)油和制種大縣的支持力度,完善糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補償機制。加強農(nóng)田水利和重大水利工程終端配套設施建設。加大農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開發(fā)投入,大力推進高標準農(nóng)田建設。

Agriculture

We will increase support for implementing the strategy on developing sustainable, ecologically friendly agriculture. The trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and trials for dealing comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater will both be expanded. We will support efforts to improve the subsoil of cropland, develop eco-friendly tilling, and return plant stalks to fields in order to restore and improve the productivity of the land. We will give greater support to major grain-, edible oil-, and seed-producing counties, and improve the mechanisms for subsidizing major grain-growing areas. We will strengthen the building of farmland irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure and supporting end-use facilities for major water conservancy projects. We will increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development, and work hard to build high-grade farmland.

完善農(nóng)業(yè)補貼政策,加大補貼資金整合力度,提高補貼的精準性、指向性和實效性。改進棉花、大豆目標價格改革操作辦法。著力支持適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營,深入開展農(nóng)民合作社創(chuàng)新、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全程社會化服務機制創(chuàng)新試點,推進農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展。完善農(nóng)村金融和農(nóng)業(yè)保險等方面的政策,引導更多社會資本投向現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設。We will improve the policies on agricultural subsidies, intensify efforts to combine funds for this purpose, and use subsidies in a more precise, targeted, and effective way. We will improve the methods for carrying out reforms to ensure guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans. Great effort will be channeled into offering support to larger-scale operations, making thoroughgoing innovations in farmer cooperatives, intensifying institutional innovation in the trials to provide commercial services for the whole process of agricultural production, and integrating the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. Policies on rural finance and agricultural insurance will be improved to guide more private capital to invest in the development of modern agriculture.
完善村級公益事業(yè)建設一事一議財政獎補機制,繼續(xù)開展美麗鄉(xiāng)村建設試點和建制鎮(zhèn)示范試點。積極推進農(nóng)村綜合改革示范試點和國有農(nóng)場辦社會職能改革試點,研究探索農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟的有效實現(xiàn)形式。支持穩(wěn)步推進農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權確權登記頒證試點,中央財政按照全國18.14億畝耕地、每畝10元標準予以補助,根據(jù)工作進度分年度安排。支持重點區(qū)域連片扶貧開發(fā),實施精準扶貧,資金更多面向特定人口、具體人口。We will improve the government award and subsidy mechanism for village-level public works launched on the basis of deliberation by villagers, and continue developing pilot projects for building beautiful rural areas and trials to exemplify towns designated by provincial-level governments. We will work proactively to advance demonstrations and trials for comprehensive rural reform and the pilot reform to relieve state-owned farms of social service responsibilities, and we will search for effective ways to develop the rural collective economy. We will support steady steps forward in the trials for determining, registering, and certifying contracted rural land-use rights, with subsidies of 150 yuan per hectare from the central government for China's cultivated land area of 121 million hectares. These subsidies will be granted on a yearly basis according to the actual progress of the work. We will support poverty alleviation and development in major contiguous poor areas, and carry out carefully targeted measures to ensure that the funding for poverty alleviation actually reaches the people who need it.
生態(tài)環(huán)保方面。進一步支持做好天然林保護,對未納入政策保護范圍的天然林,建立停伐獎勵補助機制;對已納入政策保護范圍的天然林,提高現(xiàn)有保護補助標準。新增退耕還林還草1000萬畝。進一步完善森林生態(tài)效益補償制度和草原生態(tài)保護補助獎勵政策。加大大氣污染治理投入力度。整合設立水污染防治資金,加強水污染治理,推進國土江河綜合整治試點。建立對新能源汽車的全方位支持推廣機制。調(diào)整完善現(xiàn)有淘汰落后產(chǎn)能資金用途,支持壓縮過剩產(chǎn)能。進一步擴大節(jié)能減排財政政策綜合示范范圍,啟動以省為單位的綜合獎勵。深入推進排污權有償取得和交易制度改革,擴大流域上下游橫向補償機制試點。

Ecological conservation and environmental protection

We will go further in encouraging efforts to protect virgin forests, establishing an award and subsidy mechanism for halting logging in areas of natural forest not yet covered by the protective policy, and increasing existing subsidies for those areas of natural forest that already fall under the policy. A further 666,667 hectares of marginal farmland will be returned to forest or grassland. We will go further in improving the financial compensation system for forest conservation and forestry that produces positive ecological impact and the policy on subsidies and awards for the ecological conservation of grassland. We will increase investment in controlling air pollution. We will integrate financial resources to establish funds for the prevention and control of water pollution to help strengthen efforts in this regard, and carry out pilot projects to comprehensively improve the conditions of rivers by covering each river's entire drainage basin. We will establish mechanisms to cover every aspect of efforts to promote the use of new-energy vehicles. We will adjust and improve the uses of existing funds for supporting the closure of outdated production facilities to tackle overcapacity. We will extend to more areas the comprehensive demonstrations for energy conservation and emission reduction based on integrating financial policies, and grant a full package of incentives to eligible provinces. We will deepen reform of the cap-and-trade system for pollution discharge, and expand trials of having provinces situated on the upper and lower reaches of river basins compensate each other for their impact on water quality.

保障性安居工程方面。逐步從實物保障為主轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嵨锉U虾拓泿叛a貼并舉,“補磚頭”與“補人頭”相結(jié)合,利用PPP模式或政府購買服務方式,引導社會資本參與公共租賃住房的購建和運營管理,積極支持棚戶區(qū)改造,盤活存量住房,確保完成全年任務。制定城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程績效評價辦法。加大農(nóng)村危房改造力度,統(tǒng)籌搞好農(nóng)房抗震改造。

Government-subsidized housing projects

To make sure that all the tasks for this year are completed, we will steadily shift the focus of our efforts from mainly providing physical housing to providing both housing and financial subsidies, thereby subsidizing both homes and home buyers; we will make use of the PPP model and government procurement of services, guiding nongovernmental capital to become involved in purchasing, building, and managing public rental housing; we will actively support the rebuilding of rundown areas in the cities; and we will make good use of available housing. We will develop methods for performance assessment on urban government-subsidized housing projects. We will step up efforts to renovate dilapidated rural housing and coordinate efforts for making rural housing more resistant to earthquakes.

文化方面。支持加快建設現(xiàn)代公共文化服務體系,穩(wěn)步推進國家基本公共文化服務標準化、均等化。支持實施中華文化傳承工程,加強文化遺產(chǎn)保護和中國傳統(tǒng)村落保護,推動民族民間文化發(fā)展。支持繁榮文藝創(chuàng)作和文化人才培養(yǎng),推動創(chuàng)作更多有筋骨、有道德、有溫度的優(yōu)秀作品。支持加強重點媒體國際傳播能力建設,促進傳統(tǒng)媒體和新興媒體融合發(fā)展。建立完善文化產(chǎn)業(yè)促進體系,推動重點行業(yè)快速發(fā)展。

Culture

We will support accelerated development of a modern system of public cultural services, and take steady steps to make the delivery of basic public cultural services increasingly standardized and equitable. We will support implementation of the initiative to make sure Chinese culture is passed on, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage and traditional Chinese villages, and promote the development of folk culture and ethnic minority cultures. We will support efforts to help art and literature to thrive and cultivate cultural talent, and we will put our weight behind ensuring the production of more works of distinction that have depth, contain a positive social message, and demonstrate a human touch. We will support efforts to strengthen the international communication capacity of our key news media outlets, and integrate the development of traditional and emerging media. We will establish a sound system to boost the cultural sector, and accelerate the development of its key industries.

司法方面。支持設立最高人民法院巡回法庭。支持北京、上海、廣州三地新設立知識產(chǎn)權法院。推動試點省以下地方法院、檢察院人財物由省級統(tǒng)一管理保障。

Administration of justice

We will support the establishment of circuit courts under the Supreme People's Court and the establishment of courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for dealing with intellectual property rights related cases. We will push forward with trials to have provincial governments exercise unified management of and provide funding for the human, financial, and material resources of local courts and procuratorates below the provincial level.

國防和軍隊建設方面。深入貫徹強軍目標,全面加強軍隊革命化現(xiàn)代化正規(guī)化建設,不斷提高履行使命任務能力,維護國家主權、安全、領土完整,保障國家和平發(fā)展。

Strengthening national defense and the armed forces

To strive for the goal of building powerful armed forces, we will strengthen the military in all respects so that they are more revolutionary, modern, and standardized; so that they are constantly developing their ability to complete their missions and tasks; so that they safeguard China's sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity; and so that they ensure its peaceful development.

完善財政體制和轉(zhuǎn)移支付制度方面。調(diào)整出口退稅增量分擔機制,從2015年起,出口退稅增量由中央財政全額負擔,同時,對地方不再實行消費稅1∶0.3增量返還。這樣做有利于促進全國市場統(tǒng)一,也有利于完善消費稅制度。建立和完善財政轉(zhuǎn)移支付同農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化掛鉤機制。加大專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付清理整合力度,2015年中央對地方專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付項目進一步減少到100個左右。

Improving the fiscal and transfer payments systems

We will adjust the mechanism for sharing the increase in export tax rebates. Beginning in 2015, the central government will pay the full sum of the increase in export tax rebates, and will no longer turn the increase in consumption tax over to local governments at a ratio of 1:0.3. This will help build a market that is unified across the country and improve the consumption tax system. We will establish sound mechanisms to link the transfer payments a government receives to the number of people from rural areas who have become registered permanent residents in urban areas within their jurisdiction. We will step up efforts to comb through and rearrange special transfer payments, so that in 2015, the number of items receiving special transfer payments from the central government will be further cut, this time to around one hundred.

(二)2015年收入預計和支出安排。2. Revenue projections and expenditure appropriations for 2015
1. 一般公共預算。(1) General public budgets
中央一般公共預算收入69230億元,比2014年執(zhí)行數(shù)增長7%。從中央預算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金調(diào)入1000億元,合計收入總量為70230億元。中央一般公共預算支出81430億元,增長9.5%(扣除預備費后增長8.8%)。其中,中央本級支出25012億元,中央對地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付55918億元,中央預備費500億元。收支總量相抵,中央財政赤字為11200億元,比2014年增加1700億元。中央財政國債余額限額111908.35億元。中央預算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金余額為341.15億元。Revenue in the central government's general public budget is projected to reach 6.923 trillion yuan, up 7% over the actual figure for 2014. Adding the 100 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, revenue in 2015 should amount to 7.023 trillion yuan. Expenditure from the central government's general public budget is projected to reach 8.143 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.5% (up 8.8% after deducting the reserve funds). This consists of 2.5012 trillion yuan spent at the central level, 5.5918 trillion yuan paid out as tax rebates and transfer payments to local governments, and 50 billion yuan of reserve funds for the central budget. Total expenditure is projected to exceed total revenue, leaving a deficit of 1.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 170 billion yuan on 2014. The ceiling for the outstanding balance of government bonds in the central budget will be 11.190835 trillion yuan. The Central Budget Stabilization Fund will have a balance of 34.115 billion yuan.
地方一般公共預算本級收入85070億元,增長7.5%,加上中央對地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入55918億元,地方一般公共預算收入合計為140988億元。地方一般公共預算支出145988億元,增長10.2%。地方財政赤字5000億元,比2014年增加1000億元,國務院同意發(fā)行地方政府一般債券彌補。需要說明的是,地方財政收支預算由地方各級人民政府編制,報同級人民代表大會批準,目前尚在匯總中。報告中地方財政收入預計數(shù)和支出安排數(shù)均為中央財政代編。The revenue in local governments' general public budgets is projected to total 8.507 trillion yuan, up 7.5%. Adding the 5.5918 trillion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments from the central government, the revenue of local governments is expected to reach 14.0988 trillion yuan. Local government expenditure from their general public budgets is projected to total 14.5988 trillion yuan, up 10.2%. The projected local government deficit thus stands at 500 billion yuan, an increase of 100 billion yuan over last year's budgeted figure. The State Council has given its approval for this deficit to be made up by the issuance of general bonds by local governments. It should be noted that as the budgets of local governments are prepared by local people's governments and submitted for approval to the people's congresses at their respective levels, related data is, at this time, still being collected. The revenue and expenditure figures for local budgets that appear above have been compiled by the central finance authorities.
上述2015年財政收支數(shù)已含政府性基金預算轉(zhuǎn)列一般公共預算的收支數(shù)。即:根據(jù)國務院批準的完善政府預算體系的方案,從2015年1月1日起,將地方教育附加等11項基金收支由政府性基金轉(zhuǎn)列一般公共預算,在減少政府性基金預算收支的同時,相應調(diào)增一般公共預算2015年收支數(shù)和2014年收支基數(shù),對2015年一般公共預算收支增幅影響不大。The above figures on budgeted revenue and expenditure for 2015 already take into account the figures from government-managed fund budgets that are incorporated into general public budgets. This refers to the following: in accordance with the plan on improving the government budgeting system, which was approved by the State Council, as of January 1, 2015, the revenue and expenditures of eleven government-managed funds, such as local education surcharge, are to be transferred into general public budgets. While this means reductions to the budgetary revenue and expenditure for government-managed funds, the estimated figures on revenue and expenditure for the general public government budgets in 2015 and the base figures for revenue and expenditure in 2014 have been increased accordingly so that there will be little impact on the increase for projected revenue and expenditure in general government budgets for 2015.
匯總中央和地方預算,全國一般公共預算收入154300億元,增長7.3%。加上從中央預算穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)基金調(diào)入1000億元,可安排的收入總量為155300億元。全國一般公共預算支出171500億元,增長10.6%。赤字16200億元,比2014年增加2700億元。Combining the central and local general public budgets, it is projected that national revenue will amount to 15.43 trillion yuan, up 7.3%. Including the 100 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, total revenue available is expected to reach 15.53 trillion yuan. National expenditure is budgeted at 17.15 trillion yuan, up 10.6%. This will produce a national deficit of 1.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 270 billion yuan over 2014.
2015年中央一般公共預算支出81430億元,增長9.5%(扣除預備費后增長8.8%),此外還動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金1124億元。分中央本級支出、對地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付反映。The projected figure for total expenditure in the central budget for 2015 is 8.143 trillion yuan, up 9.5% (an increase of 8.8% after deducting the reserve funds), to which a further 112.4 billion yuan is to be added in funds carried forward from previous years. The total expenditure in the central budget is divided into spending by the central government, spending on tax rebates, and transfer payments made to local governments.
2015年中央本級支出25012億元,增長10.4%,此外還動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金279億元。主要支出項目安排情況:農(nóng)林水支出660.62億元,增長18.6%。社會保障和就業(yè)支出729.3億元,增長4.2%。教育支出1351.51億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金60億元),增長8.8%。科學技術支出2757.25億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金170億元),增長12.3%。文化體育與傳媒支出249.21億元,增長6.4%。醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生與計劃生育支出110.19億元,增長22.1%。節(jié)能環(huán)保支出291.25億元。交通運輸支出806.89億元。糧油物資儲備支出1546.38億元,增長33.2%,主要是儲備糧油利息費用補貼、儲備糧油差價補貼和儲備棉出庫競賣虧損補貼等支出增加。國防支出8868.98億元,增長10.1%。公共安全支出1541.92億元,增長4.3%。一般公共服務支出1004.91億元。資源勘探信息等支出296.84億元。動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金49億元,用于規(guī)范公務員津貼補貼和事業(yè)單位實施績效工資。

Central government spending in 2015 is projected to total 2.5012 trillion yuan, up 10.4%, to which a further 27.9 billion yuan is to be added in funds carried over from previous years. The main expenditure items are arranged as follows:

The appropriation for agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy is 66.062 billion yuan, up 18.6%.

The appropriation for social security and employment is 72.93 billion yuan, up 4.2%.

The appropriation for education is 135.151 billion yuan (including 6 billion yuan carried forward from previous years), up 8.8%.

The appropriation for science and technology is 275.725 billion yuan (including 17 billion yuan carried forward from previous years), up 12.3%.

The appropriation for culture, sports, and the media is 24.921 billion yuan, up 6.4%.

The appropriation for medical and health care and family planning is 11.019 billion yuan, up 22.1%.

The appropriation for energy conservation and environmental protection is 29.125 billion yuan.

The appropriation for transport is 80.689 billion yuan.

The appropriation for stockpiling grain, edible oils, and other materials is 154.638 billion yuan, up 33.2%. This is mainly due to the increases in the subsidies to help pay expenses and interest on loans used for stockpiling grain and edible oils, subsidies for price differences in stockpiling grain and edible oils, and subsidies for making up losses in auctioning stockpiled cotton.

The appropriation for national defense is 886.898 billion yuan, up 10.1%.

The appropriation for public security is 154.192 billion yuan, up 4.3%.

The appropriation for general public services is 100.491 billion yuan.

The appropriation for natural resource exploration and information technology is 29.684 billion yuan.

A total of 4.9 billion yuan which has been carried forward from previous years is to be used for standardizing allowances and subsidies for public servants and implementing performance-based pay for the employees of public institutions.

2015年中央對地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付55918億元,增長8.1%,此外還動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金845億元。其中,一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付30045.37億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金815億元),增長12.6%。在一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付中,均衡性轉(zhuǎn)移支付19215.08億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金715億元),增長14.8%,對因?qū)嵤┱{(diào)整機關事業(yè)單位工作人員工資政策部分地方所需財政負擔的經(jīng)費,通過增加均衡性轉(zhuǎn)移支付給予適當補助;老少邊窮地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移支付1255.65億元,增長12%;基本養(yǎng)老金等轉(zhuǎn)移支付4581.84億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金100億元),增長20.1%。專項轉(zhuǎn)移支付21564.34億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金30億元),增長8.1%,除有政策規(guī)定外,原則上實行零增長或有所壓減。增長的項目主要有:一是教育方面,農(nóng)村義務教育薄弱學校改造補助資金327.5億元,增長6.3%;現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育質(zhì)量提升計劃專項資金147.88億元,增長24.6%;學生資助補助經(jīng)費404.92億元,增長18.7%。二是社會保障和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生方面,優(yōu)撫對象補助經(jīng)費369.63億元,增長19.9%;困難群眾基本生活救助補助資金1207.68億元,增長7.1%;公共衛(wèi)生服務補助資金498.04億元,增長8.7%;公立醫(yī)院補助資金125.6億元(含動用以前年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)資金30億元)。三是節(jié)能環(huán)保方面,大氣污染防治資金115.5億元,增長9.5%;節(jié)能減排補助資金478.5億元,增長40.4%,主要是根據(jù)石油價格調(diào)整補貼改革方案,將用于燃油公交車的補貼調(diào)整為新能源公交車補貼,轉(zhuǎn)列入該項目;天然林保護工程補助經(jīng)費176.17億元,增長21.4%;退耕還林工程財政專項資金308.65億元,增長8.8%。四是農(nóng)業(yè)方面,農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護補助資金201.58億元,增長12.1%;農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣與服務補助資金152.45億元,增長20.9%;農(nóng)田水利設施建設和水土保持補助資金427.56億元,增長33.5%;林業(yè)補助資金350.89億元,增長15.7%。五是城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程專項資金1243億元,增長9.1%。

Central government tax rebates and transfer payments made to local governments will amount to 5.5918 trillion yuan in 2015, up 8.1%, to which a further 84.5 billion yuan is to be added in funds carried over from previous years.

Of this amount, general transfer payments will account for 3.004537 trillion yuan (including 81.5 billion yuan carried forward from previous years), up 12.6%. General transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services will reach 1.921508 trillion yuan (including 71.5 billion yuan carried forward from previous years), an increase of 14.8%, with transfer payments to some local governments to be increased for their bearing the expenses of implementing the policy of adjusting the salaries of employees of their offices and public institutions. General transfer payments for old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas will total 125.565 billion yuan, up 12%. General transfer payments for the basic pension and other purposes will come to 458.184 billion yuan (including 10 billion yuan carried forward from previous years), up 20.1%.

Special transfer payments will come to 2.156434 trillion yuan (including three billion yuan carried forward from previous years), an increase of 8.1%. The principle of either zero-increase or some reduction will be applied to special transfer payments unless otherwise stipulated on in specific policies. The main items that do have increased budgets for special transfer payments include:

First, budgets for education include 32.75 billion yuan in subsidies for renovating rural schools for compulsory education that are badly in need of improvement, up 6.3%; 14.788 billion yuan of earmarked funding for the initiative to strengthen the quality of modern vocational education, up 24.6%; and 40.492 billion yuan in financial assistance and subsidies to students, an increase of 18.7%.

Second, budgets for social security and medical and health care include 36.963 billion yuan in subsidies for entitled groups, an increase of 19.9%; 120.768 billion yuan in living allowances and subsidies for people facing financial difficulties, up 7.1%; 49.804 billion yuan in subsidies for public health services, up 8.7%; and 12.56 billion yuan in subsidies to public hospitals (including 3 billion yuan carried over from previous years).

Third, budgets for energy conservation and environmental protection include 11.55 billion yuan of funding for the prevention and control of air pollution, up 9.5%; 47.85 billion yuan in subsidies for energy conservation and the reduction of emissions, up 40.4%, which is principally because, in accordance with the plan for the reform of oil price-adjusting subsidies, subsidies for petroleum-fueled buses are to be transformed into subsidies for new-energy buses and integrated into the budget for spending on energy conservation and emission reduction; 17.617 billion yuan in subsidies for protecting natural forests, up 21.4%; and 30.865 billion yuan in central government special funding for returning cultivated land to forest, up 8.8%.

Fourth, budgets for agriculture include 20.158 billion yuan in subsidies for agricultural resource and ecological protection, up 12.1%; 15.245 billion yuan in subsidies for the expansion and servicing of agricultural technologies, up 20.9%; 42.756 billion yuan in subsidies for the construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure and water and soil conservation, an increase of 33.5%; and 35.089 billion yuan in subsidies for the forestry industry, up 15.7%.

Fifth, a total of 124.3 billion yuan in earmarked funds will be designated for use in financing government-subsidized housing projects in rural areas, an increase of 9.1%.

2. 政府性基金預算。(2) Budgets for government-managed funds
政府性基金收入預算是在上年度基金收入預算執(zhí)行情況基礎上,綜合考慮收入基礎、物價變動、政策調(diào)整等因素編制。支出預算按照以收定支、收支平衡、??顚S迷瓌t編制。The revenue budgeted for government-managed funds is compiled by taking into account a comprehensive range of factors including the revenue base, price changes, and policy adjustments while basing these considerations on the implementation of the equivalent budget from the previous year. The expenditure budgeted for government-managed funds is compiled in accordance with the principles of arranging expenditures based on revenue, keeping a balance between total expenditure and total revenue, and using designated funds for their intended purposes.
中央政府性基金收入4363.87億元,增長11.7%。加上上年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入720.72億元,中央政府性基金收入總量為5084.59億元。中央政府性基金支出5084.59億元,增長25.4%。其中,中央本級支出3669.28億元,增長27.2%;對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付1415.31億元,增長20.9%。The revenue of central government-managed funds will total 436.387 billion yuan, up 11.7%. Adding the 72.072 billion yuan carried forward from last year, in 2015, the total revenue of central government-managed funds will reach 508.459 billion yuan. The expenditure from central government-managed funds will also be 508.459 billion yuan, up 25.4%. This figure is comprised of 366.928 billion yuan of central government spending, up 27.2%, and 141.531 billion yuan in transfer payments made to local governments, up 20.9%.
地方政府性基金本級收入44509.51億元,下降4.7%。其中,國有土地使用權出讓收入39452億元,下降4.7%。加上中央政府性基金對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入1415.31億元,地方政府性基金收入為45924.82億元。國務院同意新增發(fā)行地方政府專項債券1000億元,用于有一定收益的公益性事業(yè)發(fā)展。地方政府性基金支出46924.82億元,增長2.6%。其中,國有土地使用權出讓收入安排的支出39778.77億元,下降1.4%。It is projected that the revenue of funds managed by local governments will total 4.450951 trillion yuan, down 4.7%. This figure includes 3.9452 trillion yuan from the sale of state-owned land-use rights, down 4.7%. Adding the 141.531 billion yuan in transfer payments from central government-managed funds, the projected total for the revenue of local government-managed funds is 4.592482 trillion yuan. Approval has been given by the State Council for special bonds to the total value of 100 billion yuan to be issued by local governments for the development of public-service programs that will yield a certain degree of revenue. The expenditure from local government-managed funds will total 4.692482 trillion yuan, up 2.6%. This figure includes 3.977877 trillion yuan of spending allocated from the proceeds of the sale of state-owned land-use rights, a decrease of 1.4%.
匯總中央和地方預算,全國政府性基金收入48873.38億元,下降3.5%,加上上年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入720.72億元,地方政府專項債券1000億元,全國政府性基金收入總量為50594.1億元;全國政府性基金支出50594.1億元,增長4.1%。When the central and local budgets are combined, the projected figure for the revenue of the central and local government-managed funds stands at 4.887338 trillion yuan, down 3.5%. Including the 72.072 billion yuan carried forward from the previous year and 100 billion yuan in special bonds issued by local governments, the projected total revenue of government-managed funds nationwide comes to 5.05941 trillion yuan, with the expenditure from these funds also budgeted to total 5.05941 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.1%.
需要說明的是,地方教育附加等11項基金收支轉(zhuǎn)列一般公共預算后,2015年中央和地方政府性基金收支規(guī)模減少,相應對2014年基數(shù)作了調(diào)減,增幅仍為可比口徑。It should be noted that, following the incorporation of the revenue and expenditure of eleven government-managed funds, such as local education surcharge, into the general public budgets, there was a drop in the total budgetary revenue and expenditure of central and local government-managed funds in 2015. Due to this, we have lowered the base figures for 2014 accordingly, and can still calculate the increases on a comparable basis.
3. 國有資本經(jīng)營預算。(3) Budgets for state capital operations
根據(jù)國務院批準的完善政府預算體系的方案,2015年采取以下措施健全國有資本經(jīng)營預算制度:進一步提高中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算調(diào)入一般公共預算的比例。明確中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算支出范圍,除調(diào)入一般公共預算和補充社?;鹜?,主要用于優(yōu)先解決國有企業(yè)歷史遺留問題及相關改革成本支出,對國有企業(yè)的資本金注入及國有企業(yè)政策性補貼等方面。在中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算中安排對地方的轉(zhuǎn)移支付,用于支持中央企業(yè)和1998年以后中央下放的煤炭、有色、軍工等企業(yè)解決歷史遺留問題,支持解決廠辦大集體未盡事宜。將部分中央國有金融企業(yè)納入國有資本經(jīng)營預算編制范圍。

According to the scheme approved by the State Council for improving the government budgeting system, in 2015, we will take the following measures to improve the budgeting system for state capital operations.

The proportion of funds allocated from the central government's state capital operations budget to the general public budget will be further increased.

The areas of spending from the central government's state capital operations budget will be clearly delineated: apart from allocations for transferal into the general public budget or for replenishing social security funds, funds will be used primarily to cover expenditures for addressing longstanding problems of SOEs and their relevant reforms, injecting capital into SOEs, and providing them with policy-based subsidies.

Transfer payments to local governments made in the central government's state capital operations budget will be used in supporting SOEs under the central government and enterprises decentralized after 1998 in the coal, non-ferrous metal, defense, and other industries in addressing their longstanding problems and supporting efforts in completing the reform of collectively owned businesses operated by SOEs.

Some state-owned financial enterprises under the central government will be brought into the scope covered by the state capital operations budget.

2015年中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算收入1550億元,增長9.9%。加上上年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入143.98億元,中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算收入總量為1693.98億元。中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算支出1693.98億元,增長19.4%。其中:中央本級支出1405.48億元,包括調(diào)入一般公共預算用于保障和改善民生支出230億元(比上年增加46億元),解決歷史遺留問題及國有企業(yè)改革成本支出527億元,國有資本金注入536億元,政策性虧損補貼88億元,其他支出24.48億元;對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付288.5億元。In 2015, the revenue from state capital operations of the central government is estimated to be 155 billion yuan, up 9.9% over the previous year. Adding the 14.398 billion yuan carried over from last year, the projected total for revenue from state capital operations of the central government is 169.398 billion yuan. Expenditure from the central government's state capital operations budget will reach 169.398 billion yuan, up 19.4% over the previous year. Of this, 140.548 billion yuan is to be spent at the central level, including 23 billion yuan (an increase of 4.6 billion yuan over the previous year) to be allocated into the general public budget and spent on ensuring and improving people's living standards; 52.7 billion yuan to be spent on addressing the longstanding problems of SOEs and related reforms; 53.6 billion yuan earmarked for capital injection; 8.8 billion yuan to be used as subsidies for policy-based losses; and 2.448 billion yuan to be used for other expenditures. Total funds earmarked for transfer payments to local governments is 28.85 billion yuan.
地方國有資本經(jīng)營預算本級收入713.12億元,加上中央國有資本經(jīng)營預算對地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付收入288.5億元,地方國有資本經(jīng)營預算收入1001.62億元。地方國有資本經(jīng)營預算支出1001.62億元。The revenue from state capital operations of local governments is projected to reach 71.312 billion yuan. Adding the 28.85 billion yuan of transfer payments from the central government's state capital operations budget, the revenue in the budgets for local government state capital operations will total 100.162 billion yuan. Expenditure from the budgets for state capital operations of local governments is also projected to be 100.162 billion yuan.
匯總中央和地方預算,全國國有資本經(jīng)營預算收入2263.12億元,加上上年結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)收入143.98億元,全國國有資本經(jīng)營預算收入總量為2407.1億元;全國國有資本經(jīng)營預算支出2407.1億元。Combining the central and local budgets, the projected total for national revenue from state capital operations is 226.312 billion yuan. Adding the 14.398 billion yuan carried over from the previous year, national revenue from state capital operations will total 240.71 billion yuan. The projected figure for national expenditure from the state capital operations budgets is also 240.71 billion yuan.
4. 社會保險基金預算。(4) Budgets for social security funds
社會保險基金收入預算根據(jù)統(tǒng)籌地區(qū)上年度基金收入預算執(zhí)行情況、本年度經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平預測、社會保險政策調(diào)整情況及社會保險工作計劃等因素編制。其中:保險費收入根據(jù)社會保險參保繳費人數(shù)、社會保險費率或固定繳費標準、上年度社會在崗職工平均工資水平、工資增長等因素,結(jié)合社會保險征繳擴面、歷年欠費追繳等情況確定。財政補貼收入根據(jù)上年度財政對社會保險基金補助,剔除不可比因素后加上本年度新增財政補助進行測算。

The budget for revenue of social security funds is prepared taking into account factors including the implementation of the previous year's revenue budget, forecasted economic and social development for the current year, adjustments in social security policies, and plans for work related to social security.

Revenue from insurance premiums is budgeted on the basis of factors including the number of people paying contributions, insurance rates or fixed premium standards, the average pay rate from the previous year, and pay increases. The budget is then determined by combining these factors with the expansion of insurance coverage, the recovery of payment arrears, and so on.

Revenue from government subsidies is budgeted based on government subsidies to social security funds in the previous year and newly added government subsidies in the current year after adjusting for incomparable factors.

社會保險基金支出預算根據(jù)統(tǒng)籌地區(qū)上年度基金支出預算執(zhí)行情況、本年度享受社會保險待遇人數(shù)變動、經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展水平、社會保險政策調(diào)整情況及社會保險待遇標準變動等因素編制。The budget for expenditure from the social security funds is prepared taking into consideration factors such as the implementation of the previous year's expenditure budget, projected changes to the number of people covered by the social security schemes and forecasted economic and social development for the current year, and adjustments in social security policies as well as changes in the benefits paid out from social security funds.
全國社會保險基金收入43088.07億元,增長10%。其中,保險費收入31633.39億元,財政補貼收入9741.75億元。全國社會保險基金支出38463.97億元,增長14.2%。本年收支結(jié)余4624.1億元,年末滾存結(jié)余55032.86億元。The revenue of social security funds is estimated to reach 4.308807 trillion yuan nationwide, up 10% over the previous year, including 3.163339 trillion yuan from insurance premiums and 974.175 billion yuan from government subsidies. Nationwide, the expenditure from social security funds will reach 3.846397 trillion yuan, up 14.2% over the previous year. With an estimated surplus of 462.41 billion yuan this year, the year-end balance is projected to reach 5.503286 trillion yuan after the balance from 2014 has been rolled over.
以上預算安排的具體情況詳見《中華人民共和國2014年全國預算執(zhí)行情況2015年全國預算(草案)》。
需要說明的是,根據(jù)新預算法規(guī)定,預算年度開始后,在全國人民代表大會批準本預算草案前,可安排下列支出:上年度結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)支出;參照上年同期的預算支出數(shù)額安排必須支出的本年度部門基本支出、項目支出,以及對下級政府的轉(zhuǎn)移性支出;法律規(guī)定必須履行支付義務的支出,以及用于自然災害等突發(fā)事件處理的支出。根據(jù)上述規(guī)定,2015年1月中央一般公共預算支出7512億元。其中,中央本級支出1329億元,對地方稅收返還和轉(zhuǎn)移支付6183億元。

It should be noted that according to the revised Budget Law, after the beginning of a new financial year and before the approval of the draft central government budgets by the National People's Congress, arrangements may be made for the following expenditures: carryover expenditures from the previous year; basic expenditures of government departments, project expenditures, and transfer payments to lower-level governments that must be made in the current year, after referring to the amount of budgetary expenditures for the corresponding period of the previous year; expenditures for which payment constitutes a legally prescribed obligation; and expenditures to be used for dealing with natural disasters and other emergencies.

Based on the above stipulations, in January 2015, the central government made expenditures to the value of 751.2 billion yuan from the general public budget. This figure includes 132.9 billion yuan spent at the central level and 618.3 billion yuan in tax rebates and transfer payments made to local governments.

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