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2015年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃報告(全文)
Full text:
Report on China's economic, social development plan (2015)

 
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2015年3月5日,第十二屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在北京人民大會堂開幕。圖為大會會場。[人民畫報 徐訊 攝]
The third plenary session of the 12th National People's Congress opens at 9 a.m. on March 5, 2015 at the Great Hall of the People, Beijing. [Photo by Xu Xun/China.org.cn]

關(guān)于2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2015年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃草案的報告

REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2014 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2015 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

——2015年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議上

Third Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress
March 5, 2015

國家發(fā)展和改革委員會

National Development and Reform Commission

目 錄

Contents

一、2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況I. Implementation of the 2014 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
二、2015年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的總體要求、主要目標和政策取向II. General Requirements and Major Targets and Policies for Economic and Social Development in 2015
三、2015年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的主要任務(wù)III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2015
各位代表:Fellow Deputies,
受國務(wù)院委托,現(xiàn)將2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2015年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃草案提請十二屆全國人大三次會議審議,并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2014 plan and on the 2015 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Third Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況I. Implementation of the 2014 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
去年以來,面對復(fù)雜多變的國際環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國內(nèi)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定任務(wù),各地區(qū)各部門在黨中央國務(wù)院的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào),按照宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、微觀政策要活、社會政策要托底的總體思路,統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風險,認真執(zhí)行十二屆全國人大二次會議審議批準的2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃,扎實做好各方面工作,經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展在新常態(tài)下保持總體平穩(wěn)。計劃執(zhí)行情況總體是好的。Last year, in the face of a complex and volatile environment abroad and arduous and formidable tasks involving reform, development, and stability at home, all regions and government departments, under the correct leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council, adhered to the general work guideline of making progress while ensuring stability; followed a general philosophy of keeping macro policies stable, making micro policies flexible, and meeting basic needs through social policies; and made coordinated efforts to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve the standard of living, and guard against risks. We earnestly implemented the 2014 Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the Second Session of the Twelfth NPC, carried out our tasks in a sure and steadfast fashion, and achieved good results in all respects. Overall, we sustained steady economic and social development under a new normal and successfully implemented the plan for 2014.
(一)加強和改善宏觀調(diào)控,經(jīng)濟保持平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。創(chuàng)新完善宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式,在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上加強定向調(diào)控、結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)控,經(jīng)濟運行處在合理區(qū)間。

1. We strengthened and improved macro-control and ensured steady economic performance.

We created new and improved ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, took more targeted measures and enhanced structural adjustments on the basis of range-based regulation, and ensured that the economy performed within an appropriate range.

一是經(jīng)濟增速平穩(wěn)。充分發(fā)揮消費的基礎(chǔ)作用,實施擴大消費的綜合性政策,社會消費品零售總額增長12%,信息、養(yǎng)老健康等服務(wù)消費快速發(fā)展。有效發(fā)揮投資的關(guān)鍵作用,啟動實施生態(tài)環(huán)保、清潔能源、農(nóng)業(yè)水利等重大工程,創(chuàng)新重點領(lǐng)域投融資機制,全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資增長15.3%,民間投資占固定資產(chǎn)投資(不含農(nóng)戶)比重提高到64.1%。積極發(fā)揮出口的支撐作用,著力穩(wěn)定出口、增加進口,以美元計價的貨物進出口總額增長3.4%,在國際市場的份額繼續(xù)提升。最終消費支出、資本形成、凈出口對經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率分別為51.2%、48.5%和0.3%。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到63.6萬億元,增長7.4%。

1) The economy grew steadily.

Fully leveraging the fundamental role of consumption in driving economic growth, we implemented a comprehensive range of policies aimed at boosting consumer spending. Total retail sales of consumer goods for the year rose by 12% and consumption in information, elderly care, health, and other service sectors grew rapidly. Making good use of the key role of investment, we launched major projects in ecological conservation and environmental protection, clean energy, agriculture, and water conservancy, and made innovations in the mechanisms for investment and financing in key areas. Total fixed-asset investment for the year rose by 15.3%, of which 64.1% came from nongovernmental sources (excluding rural households). Giving play to the supporting role of exports, we worked hard to stabilize exports while increasing imports. The total volume of US dollar-denominated imports and exports for the year rose by 3.4%, and our international market share continued to rise. Final consumption, capital formation, and net exports were responsible for 51.2%, 48.5%, and 0.3% of economic growth, respectively. The gross domestic product (GDP) reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year.

二是就業(yè)形勢穩(wěn)定。堅持實施更加積極的就業(yè)政策,以改革促就業(yè),以增長帶就業(yè),以政策保就業(yè),突出抓好大學生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)、城鎮(zhèn)失業(yè)人員和就業(yè)困難人員再就業(yè),城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1322萬人,年末城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.09%。

2) The employment situation remained stable.

We continued to implement a more proactive employment policy, relying on reform, economic growth, and sound policy measures to create and secure jobs. A particular emphasis was placed on supporting university and college graduates in finding jobs or starting their own businesses, and on providing job seeking assistance for urban residents who are unemployed or having difficulty finding jobs. An additional 13.22 million urban jobs were created throughout the year. The registered urban unemployment rate stood at 4.09% at the end of 2014.

三是價格水平漲幅較低。居民消費價格上漲2%。加強市場價格監(jiān)管和反壟斷執(zhí)法,查處價格違法案件2.5萬件,實施經(jīng)濟處罰44.7億元。清理銀行業(yè)金融機構(gòu)不合理收費,減輕企業(yè)負擔超過400億元。

3) Price growth slowed.

The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2% for the whole year. We tightened oversight over market prices and stepped up efforts to counter monopolistic pricing, dealing with 25,000 cases of pricing irregularities and imposing economic penalties of 4.47 billion yuan. We abolished a host of unreasonable charges and fees levied by banks and other financial institutions, saving enterprises more than 40 billion yuan.

四是財政金融等風險總體可控。加強和規(guī)范地方政府性債務(wù)管理,開展存量債務(wù)的清理甄別,推行地方政府債券自發(fā)自還試點,強化風險評估預(yù)警。以產(chǎn)能過剩行業(yè)、地方政府性債務(wù)、民間借貸、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融等領(lǐng)域為重點,加強風險監(jiān)測、評估和排查,防止出現(xiàn)區(qū)域性系統(tǒng)性金融風險。根據(jù)房地產(chǎn)市場形勢變化,及時調(diào)整完善住房金融政策,優(yōu)化金融服務(wù)。

4) Fiscal and financial risks remained at a controllable level.

We strengthened and standardized the management of local government debt, reviewed and screened outstanding debts, launched trials for local governments to issue their own bonds and repay their own debts, and strengthened risk assessment and early warning initiatives. Focusing on industries with overcapacity, local government debt, informal credit, and Internet banking, we intensified efforts to monitor, assess, and identify risks with a view to preventing regional and systemic financial risks. In response to fluctuations in the real estate market, we promptly adjusted and improved housing-related financial policies and improved related financial services.

(二)全面深化改革開放,著力激發(fā)市場活力。深入推進行政審批、財稅、金融、投資、價格改革,加快教育、醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域改革,為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展注入了新的活力和動力。

2. We comprehensively deepened reform and opening up and greatly invigorated the market.

We continued to carry out a range of reforms related to government review and approval, fiscal and tax systems, banking, investment, and pricing. We also increased the pace of reform in education as well as medical and healthcare services. These initiatives enabled us to inject new vitality and impetus into economic and social development.

一是行政審批制度改革繼續(xù)深化。以投資和生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域為重點,又取消和下放246項行政審批事項,提前完成減少1/3行政審批事項的目標任務(wù)。商事制度改革全面推進,新登記注冊市場主體1293萬戶。

1) The reform of the government review and approval system was continued.

Focusing on investment, production, and business operation, we canceled or delegated to lower-level governments the process of government review and approval for 246 items, achieving ahead of schedule the goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review and approval by one third. In addition, we pushed forward comprehensive reforms in the business system, and the number of newly registered market entities for the year totaled 12.93 million.

二是財稅金融改革積極推進。深化財稅體制改革總體方案制定實施。營改增試點范圍擴大到鐵路運輸、郵政、電信等行業(yè),煤炭資源稅由從量計征改為從價計征。政府購買服務(wù)管理辦法制定出臺。存款利率上浮區(qū)間擴大、期限檔次簡化。人民幣匯率浮動區(qū)間拓寬,雙向波動彈性增強。有序放開金融機構(gòu)市場準入,5家民營銀行獲準籌建。滬港通試點正式啟動??缇迟Q(mào)易和投資人民幣結(jié)算規(guī)模增大。

2) Fiscal, tax, and financial reforms were actively pushed forward.

We formulated and implemented an overall plan for deepening fiscal and tax structural reforms. We extended the trials of replacing business tax with VAT to the railway transportation, postal, and telecommunications services industries, and replaced the quantity-based resource tax on coal with a price-based one. We introduced new measures on the procurement of services by the government. We raised the upper limit on the floating range for deposit interest rates and reduced maturity brackets. We also widened the floating range of the RMB exchange rate, allowing it to float more freely. We methodically approached the lifting of restrictions on the establishment of financial institutions, and approved the establishment of five private banks. The trial-run of the Shanghai and Hong Kong Stock Connect was officially launched. The scale of RMB settlement in cross-border trade and investment increased.

三是投資體制改革實現(xiàn)新突破。項目核準制度改革邁出重要步伐。再次修訂政府核準的投資項目目錄,國家部門層面核準項目兩年累計減少76%。外商投資項目由全面核準改為普遍備案和有限核準相結(jié)合,實行備案管理的超過95%。除敏感國家、敏感地區(qū)、敏感行業(yè)外,境外投資項目全部取消核準改為網(wǎng)上備案,核準項目占比不到2%。精簡審批事項規(guī)范中介服務(wù)實行企業(yè)投資項目網(wǎng)上并聯(lián)核準制度的工作方案出臺。創(chuàng)新重點領(lǐng)域投融資機制鼓勵社會投資的指導(dǎo)意見制定實施。鐵路投融資體制改革積極推進。

3) Breakthroughs were made in the reform of the investment system.

Major steps were taken to reform the system for the review and approval of investment projects. Further revisions were made to the list of investment projects requiring government review and approval. The number of projects requiring approval at the ministerial level was cut by 76% over the past two years. The system of mandatory government review for all overseas-funded projects was replaced with a reporting-based system under which government review is only required in a limited number of cases. More than 95% of cases were only required to report to the government. With the exception of cases involving sensitive countries, regions, and industries, the requirement that overseas investment projects must be reviewed and approved by the government was replaced with new requirements under which projects only need to be reported online. The number of projects that required government review and approval accounted for less than 2% of the total. A work plan was introduced for reducing the number of items requiring government review and approval, regulating intermediary services for investment projects, and reviewing and approving enterprises' investment projects online. Guidelines were formulated and implemented for revamping the systems of investment and financing in key sectors and encouraging nongovernmental investment. Positive headway was made in the reform of the investment and financing system for railways.

四是價格改革力度加大。放開了700多種醫(yī)保目錄內(nèi)低價藥品、非公立醫(yī)療機構(gòu)醫(yī)療服務(wù)、電信業(yè)務(wù)資費等50項商品或服務(wù)價格。鐵路貨物運價改為政府指導(dǎo)價、實行上限管理,國鐵貨物統(tǒng)一運價再次提高。國內(nèi)航線旅客運輸基準票價由政府審批改為由航空公司按照政府制定的定價規(guī)則自行確定。新疆棉花、東北和內(nèi)蒙古大豆目標價格改革試點啟動。在深圳市和內(nèi)蒙古西部電網(wǎng)開展輸配電價改革試點。推行居民生活用水、用氣階梯價格,調(diào)整了非居民用存量天然氣價格。

4) Pricing reform was intensified.

We lifted price controls over more than 700 low-priced medicines covered by medical insurance as well as 50 goods and services in other sectors, such as medical services provided by non-public medical institutions and telecommunications services. Railway freight transport prices were changed from being set by the government to being guided by the government and a ceiling was imposed. Unified national railway freight transport prices were raised once again. Benchmark passenger transport prices on domestic air lines were changed from being reviewed and approved by the government to being determined by airline companies in accordance with state pricing rules. We launched pilot projects of guaranteed base prices for cotton produced in Xinjiang and soybeans in northeast China and Inner Mongolia. We carried out trial reforms for the pricing of electricity transmission and distribution on power grids in Shenzhen and western Inner Mongolia. We introduced tiered pricing for residential water and gas consumption and adjusted the price of non-residential natural gas for use that was within 2013 levels.

五是國有企業(yè)改革探索推進。中央管理企業(yè)負責人薪酬制度改革意見出臺。中央企業(yè)改組國有資本投資公司、發(fā)展混合所有制經(jīng)濟、建設(shè)規(guī)范董事會等改革試點推出。國有企業(yè)兼并重組繼續(xù)推進。

5) Progress was made in the reform of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs).

Guidelines for reforming the remuneration system for executives in central government enterprises were introduced. Pilot reforms were launched to reorganize central government enterprises as state-owned asset investment companies, develop a mixed-ownership economy, and standardize the boards of directors in central government enterprises. Further progress was made in the merging and reorganization of SOEs.

六是社會領(lǐng)域改革有序展開。全面推進公務(wù)用車制度改革指導(dǎo)意見出臺并在中央和國家機關(guān)率先實施。信用體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃頒布實施,部門間信用信息共享和失信行為聯(lián)合懲戒機制進一步健全。不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度建設(shè)取得重要進展??荚囌猩贫雀母锓e極推進。機關(guān)事業(yè)單位養(yǎng)老保險制度改革方案順利出臺。大部分省份建立了醫(yī)療保險省內(nèi)異地就醫(yī)結(jié)算系統(tǒng),縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點覆蓋50%以上的縣(市)。

6) Social reforms proceeded in an orderly fashion.

Guidelines for comprehensive reform of the system for the use of official vehicles were formulated, and were implemented first in the bodies of the CPC Central Committee and central government. Plans for a system of public credit records were promulgated and implemented, and mechanisms to enable different departments to share credit information and take joint punitive actions against those who act in bad faith were improved. Significant progress was made in the establishment of a unified registration system for immovable property. The reform of the school examination and enrollment systems was vigorously promoted. The plan for old-age insurance reform in Party and government bodies and public institutions was promulgated as expected. The majority of China's provincial-level administrative areas have established systems enabling residents to settle medical bills incurred in any locality within that jurisdiction via their medical insurance accounts. Trials for the comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals have been extended to over 50% of counties or county-level cities throughout the country.

七是對外開放展現(xiàn)新局面。“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略開始實施,周邊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通積極推進,沿邊和內(nèi)陸開放繼續(xù)擴大。上海自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)試點取得可復(fù)制可推廣經(jīng)驗。利用外資質(zhì)量提升、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,非金融類實際使用外商直接投資1196億美元,增長1.7%,服務(wù)業(yè)實際利用外資比重提升到55.4%。著力推進國際產(chǎn)能合作與中國裝備“走出去”,鐵路、電力、通信、能源等“走出去”項目取得積極成果,非金融類境外直接投資1029億美元,增長14.1%。雙向投資并駕齊驅(qū)格局初步形成。

7) A new phase of reform and opening up has been initiated.

The strategy of developing the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road entered the implementation phase, the construction of infrastructure was strengthened with a view to achieving better connectivity with neighboring countries, and the opening up of markets in border areas and inland areas was expanded. The operation of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone yielded transferable experience that can be replicated in other reform projects. The utilization of foreign capital was enhanced in terms of both quality and structure. Non-financial foreign direct investment actually utilized in 2014 totaled US$119.6 billion, up 1.7% year on year. The proportion of foreign investment utilized in the service sector reached 55.4% of the total. Efforts were redoubled to promote international cooperation on production capacity and encourage Chinese equipment to "go global," and good progress was made in initiatives to promote Chinese rail transit equipment, electricity generation, telecommunications, and energy on the international market. China's non-financial outward direct investment reached US$102.9 billion for the year, up 14.1%. A pattern of synchronous growth in inward and outward investment began to take shape.

(三)加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,大力推進經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型升級。充分發(fā)揮市場機制作用,加強政策引導(dǎo),加快發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變,促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級。

3. We accelerated industrial structural adjustment and vigorously promoted economic transformation and upgrading.

Through exerting market forces and enhancing policy guidance, we sped up the transformation of the economic growth model and gave new impetus to the improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure.

一是自主創(chuàng)新有新突破。研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比2.09%,企業(yè)研發(fā)經(jīng)費支出占全社會支出的比例超過76%。“天河二號”、超級雜交水稻、“嫦娥”工程、衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用、載人深潛等重大創(chuàng)新成果世人矚目。生物、智能制造裝備、海洋工程裝備、支線客機、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備等領(lǐng)域突破一批關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化瓶頸,云計算、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,微創(chuàng)新、眾創(chuàng)等創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)模式蓬勃興起。高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值增長12.3%,比規(guī)模以上工業(yè)快4個百分點。

1) New breakthroughs were made in innovation.

Spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP reached 2.09% in 2014, with corporate R&D spending accounting for over 76% of the total. Cutting-edge innovations such as the Tianhe-2 supercomputer, super-hybrid rice, the Chang'e lunar lander, satellite applications, and the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong captured global attention. Breakthroughs were made in a number of key and core technologies and industrial applications, covering the fields of biology, intelligent manufacturing equipment, ocean engineering equipment, regional airliners, mobile Internet, and broadband network equipment. There was rapid development in strategic emerging industries, such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and big data. Micro-innovation, crowd innovation, and other innovative and entrepreneurial models showed robust growth. The value-added of the high-tech manufacturing sector rose by 12.3%, four percentage points higher than that of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations.

二是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級積極推進。企業(yè)技術(shù)改造深入展開。重點產(chǎn)業(yè)布局調(diào)整和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移步伐加快?;猱a(chǎn)能過剩有序展開,年初確定的15個重點行業(yè)淘汰落后產(chǎn)能任務(wù)完成,產(chǎn)能盲目擴張得到遏制。煤炭行業(yè)脫困取得階段性成效。

2) Good headway was made in transforming and upgrading traditional industries.

The technological upgrading of enterprises in traditional industries was carried out vigorously. Initiatives to adjust the distribution of key industries and relocate industries gathered pace. Steady progress was made in the elimination of excess production capacity. Tasks set out at the beginning of last year to eliminate excess production capacity in 15 key industries were completed as planned, effectively curbing the blind expansion of production capacity. Important gains were made in turning the coal industry around.

三是服務(wù)業(yè)增長保持良好勢頭。新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式蓬勃發(fā)展,文化創(chuàng)意和設(shè)計服務(wù)與相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展,物流業(yè)發(fā)展中長期規(guī)劃和三年行動計劃出臺。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)(服務(wù)業(yè))增加值30.7萬億元,增長8.1%,占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到48.2%,超過第二產(chǎn)業(yè)5.6個百分點。

3) The service sector sustained rapid growth.

New business types and models displayed robust development. Cultural and creative industries and design services were further integrated with related industries, and a mid-to-long-term development plan and three-year action plan were introduced for the logistics industry. The value-added of tertiary industry (the service sector) amounted to 30.7 trillion yuan, increasing by 8.1% over the previous year and accounting for 48.2% of the GDP, 5.6 percentage points higher than that of secondary industry.

四是基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施快速發(fā)展。綜合交通運輸體系進一步完善,全國鐵路營業(yè)里程和高速公路通車里程雙雙突破11萬公里。新增7個國家級互聯(lián)網(wǎng)骨干直聯(lián)點,又有近3000萬個家庭實現(xiàn)光纖到戶。水電總裝機突破3億千瓦,頁巖氣、煤層氣和深海油氣勘探開發(fā)取得重大進展。規(guī)劃建設(shè)的172項重大水利工程,已開工建設(shè)57項。南水北調(diào)中線一期工程通水,京津冀等地6000萬群眾喝上了長江水。

4) Basic industries and infrastructure developed quickly.

The country's comprehensive transportation system was further improved, with the total length of railway lines and expressways open to traffic both exceeding 110,000 kilometers. National internet backbone access points were built in seven more cities, and fiber optic broadband was made available to another 30 million households or so. The installed capacity of hydropower facilities nationwide exceeded 300 million kilowatts. Major progress was made in the exploration and exploitation of coal seam gas, shale gas, and deep-water oil and gas. Construction began on 57 of 172 major water conservancy projects that have been planned. The first phase of the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was put into operation, providing drinking water from the Yangtze River to 60 million residents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

(四)夯實農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展基礎(chǔ),促進城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),扎實推進以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化,優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟發(fā)展空間格局,城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展邁出新的步伐。

4. We bolstered the foundations of agricultural and rural development and made advances toward balanced development between urban and rural areas and between regions.

Throughout the year we vigorously developed modern agriculture, steadily promoted a new type of people-centered urbanization, optimized the spatial planning of economic development, and took new steps in balancing development between urban and rural areas and between different regions.

一是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展態(tài)勢良好。繼續(xù)加大“三農(nóng)”投入,支持農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。引導(dǎo)土地經(jīng)營權(quán)有序流轉(zhuǎn),農(nóng)村承包耕地流轉(zhuǎn)比例達到30%左右。農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境突出問題治理總體規(guī)劃、生態(tài)保護與建設(shè)示范區(qū)實施意見、國有林場改革方案和國有林區(qū)改革指導(dǎo)意見制定完成。糧食總產(chǎn)量達到6.07億噸,實現(xiàn)“十一連增”。肉蛋奶、果蔬魚等農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定。解決6600多萬農(nóng)村人口飲水安全問題,改造農(nóng)村危房266萬戶,農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1232萬人。

1) Agriculture and rural areas showed good development momentum.

Investment related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers was further increased, and the development of agricultural infrastructure was supported. We oversaw the orderly transfer of land operation rights, leading to the transfer of around 30% of contracted land-use rights in rural areas. We formulated an overall plan to control serious agricultural environmental pollution, guidelines on establishing demonstration zones for ecological conservation and improvement, a plan to reform state forestry farms, and guidelines on reforming state forestry areas. Total grain output grew for the 11th consecutive year, reaching 607 million metric tons. Production of agricultural and sideline products, including meat, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables, and fish, remained stable. We guaranteed the provision of safe drinking water for over 66 million more rural residents, renovated dilapidated houses for 2.66 million rural households, and reduced the number of rural population living in poverty by 12.32 million.

二是新型城鎮(zhèn)化積極穩(wěn)妥推進。國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃及戶籍制度改革、“三個1億人”實施方案等配套政策出臺實施,包括2個省和62個城市(鎮(zhèn))的國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化綜合試點啟動,城市規(guī)模劃分標準優(yōu)化調(diào)整。常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率為54.77%,戶籍人口城鎮(zhèn)化率預(yù)計為36.7%。

2) A new type of urbanization was advanced in an active yet prudent way.

We issued and implemented a national plan on a new type of urbanization, and carried out supporting policies such as a plan to reform the household registration system and a scheme for fulfilling the three tasks, each concerning 100 million people: granting urban residency to around 100 million people who have moved to cities from rural areas, rebuilding run-down areas and "villages" inside cities where around 100 million people live, and guiding the process of urbanization of around 100 million rural residents in the central and western regions. Comprehensive trials for a new type of urbanization were launched in two provinces and 62 cities or towns. Standards for classifying cities based on their population were fine-tuned. The percentage of the population residing permanently in urban areas was 54.77%. The percentage of the population registered as permanent urban residents is estimated to have reached 36.7%.

三是區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強?!叭髴?zhàn)略”布局加快展開。推進“一帶一路”建設(shè)的有關(guān)規(guī)劃編制完成,各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作有序展開。京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展區(qū)域功能定位和規(guī)劃綱要確定,交通一體化、生態(tài)環(huán)保、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級轉(zhuǎn)移三個重點領(lǐng)域率先突破積極推進。依托黃金水道推動長江經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見和長江經(jīng)濟帶綜合立體交通走廊規(guī)劃頒布實施。西部大開發(fā)新開工重點工程33項、總投資8353億元,西部地區(qū)鼓勵類產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄發(fā)布實施。近期支持東北振興若干重大政策舉措的意見出臺,資源枯竭城市轉(zhuǎn)型取得階段性成果。中部地區(qū)“三基地、一樞紐”建設(shè)深入推進,“兩橫兩縱”空間發(fā)展格局得到優(yōu)化。東部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型加快,在全國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中繼續(xù)發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)作用。對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)特別是集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)的支持力度加大。

3) Regional development became more balanced.

We accelerated the implementation of the "Three Major Strategies": the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road ("One Belt and One Road" strategy); the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; and the development of the Yangtze River economic belt. We finalized plans for advancing the "One Belt and One Road" strategy, steadily launching pragmatic cooperation in a wide range of areas. We completed the functional zoning of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and established the plan for its coordinated development, and made initial breakthroughs in three key areas of integrated transportation, environmental protection, and industrial upgrading and relocating. We issued and implemented guidelines on stimulating the development of the Yangtze River economic belt, which revolve around making use of the Yangtze's role as a golden waterway, and launched the plan to build an integrated multidimensional transportation corridor along the Yangtze River economic belt. A total of 33 key projects for the large-scale development of China's western region were launched, representing a total investment of 835.3 billion yuan; and a list of industries encouraged for development in the western region was released and put into effect. Guidelines concerning a number of major policies and measures to support the revitalization of northeast China in the near future were issued, and progress was made in the transformation of cities once dependent on resources that are now depleted. Continued efforts were made to establish the central region as a national integrated transport hub and as a center for production of grain, energy, and raw materials, and the development of modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industries. The regions' developmental layout consisting of two east-west and two north-south economic belts was further improved. The economic transformation of the eastern region gained momentum, and continued to spur on the development of the Chinese economy. Increased economic support was provided for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, poor areas, and especially contiguous areas with acute difficulties.

(五)加大節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)保工作力度,節(jié)能減排取得“十二五”以來最大進展。堅持把節(jié)能減排作為轉(zhuǎn)方式、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)重要抓手,政策累積效應(yīng)進一步顯現(xiàn)。

5. We stepped up efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect ecosystems and the environment, making the most significant progress in this regard since the beginning of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

We continued to lay emphasis on energy conservation and emissions reduction as priority initiatives in changing the growth model and making structural adjustments. Our policies in this regard began to yield greater cumulative effects.

一是節(jié)能減排成效顯著。實行能耗強度和總量“雙控”,非化石能源占一次能源消費比重上升到11.2%,提高1.1個百分點,單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放量分別下降4.8%和6.2%,二氧化硫、化學需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分別下降3.4%、2.47%、2.9%和6.7%。“十二五”節(jié)能減排指標完成情況趕上時間進度。

1) Remarkable results were achieved in energy conservation and emissions reduction.

We reduced energy intensity and controlled the increase in total energy consumption. The share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption reached 11.2%, up 1.1 percentage points over the previous year; energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP dropped by 4.8% and 6.2% respectively; and emissions of sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides declined by 3.4%, 2.47%, 2.9%, and 6.7%, respectively. Efforts to meet the energy conservation and emissions reduction targets of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan made progress on schedule.

二是生態(tài)環(huán)保取得積極進展。大氣、水、土壤污染防治邁出新步伐,重點流域污染治理、非電行業(yè)脫硝示范、京津冀及周邊地區(qū)大氣污染治理等重大工程積極推進,區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機制日益完善。機動車污染綜合防治加快推進。城市污水處理率和城市生活垃圾無害化處理率分別達到90.15%和90.3%。萬元工業(yè)增加值用水量63.5立方米,下降5.6%。濕地、森林、草原、生物多樣性豐富區(qū)域等重要生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護修復(fù)力度加大,退耕還林、退牧還草、天然林資源保護、重點防護林體系等生態(tài)建設(shè)繼續(xù)展開,完成造林面積602.7萬公頃。

2) Good progress was made in ecological and environmental protection.

We made new strides in preventing and controlling air, water, and soil pollution. We vigorously carried out a series of major projects aimed at controlling pollution in key drainage basins, demonstrating the application of denitrification technologies in facilities other than power plants, and controlling air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and adjacent areas; and further improved mechanisms for regional coordination of pollution prevention and control. We accelerated the comprehensive prevention and control of pollution from motor vehicles. The percentages of urban sewage treated and household waste safely disposed reached 90.15% and 90.3% respectively. Water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added by industry totaled 63.5 cubic meters, dropping by 5.6%. We made enhanced efforts to protect and restore major ecosystems such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, and areas of biological diversity and richness; and continued to carry out ecological projects to convert marginal farmland back to forest, turn grazing land back into grassland, protect virgin forests, and build key forest shelterbelts. A total of 6.027 million hectares of land were afforested.

三是應(yīng)對氣候變化工作深入開展。國家應(yīng)對氣候變化規(guī)劃(2014-2020年)出臺,中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明發(fā)布,提出了我國二氧化碳排放2030年左右達到峰值、非化石能源占一次能源消費比重2030年達到20%左右的目標。低碳省區(qū)和城市、低碳工業(yè)園區(qū)試點深入開展,全國碳排放權(quán)交易市場建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進。

3) Further progress was made in responding to climate change.

We promulgated the National Plan for Responding to Climate Change (2014-2020), and issued the China-U.S. Joint Announcement on Climate Change, stating that China aims to achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030. We intensively carried out pilot projects to encourage low-carbon growth in provinces, regions, cities, and industrial parks; and made steady progress in developing a market for the trading of carbon emission rights.

(六)切實保障和改善民生,維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定。注重保基本、兜底線、建機制,在財政支出壓力大的情況下,堅持盡力而為,持續(xù)加大民生領(lǐng)域投入。

6. We safeguarded and improved people's wellbeing and ensured social harmony and stability.

We focused our energies on meeting basic needs, helping those in the greatest difficulty, and improving institutional building related to people's wellbeing. We remained committed to doing everything in our power to increase funding for areas related to people's wellbeing, despite facing serious budgetary constraints.

一是居民收入繼續(xù)增加。收入分配制度改革繼續(xù)深化,多渠道促進農(nóng)民增收,企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平連續(xù)10年提高,增收措施與就業(yè)政策形成了惠民合力。全國居民人均可支配收入實際增長8%,其中農(nóng)村居民人均可支配收入實際增長9.2%,城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實際增長6.8%。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入比13年來首次降至3倍以下。

1) Incomes continued to rise.

We deepened the reform of the income distribution system; promoted the growth of rural incomes through multiple channels; raised basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees for the tenth consecutive year; and built up synergy between measures to boost incomes and employment policies, to the benefit of the general public. Nationwide per capita disposable income increased by 8% in real terms. Rural per capita disposable income rose by 9.2% and urban per capita disposable income by 6.8%, both in real terms. The ratio of urban disposable income to rural net income per capita dropped to less than 3:1 for the first time in 13 years.

二是社會保障安全網(wǎng)越織越密。各類社會保障覆蓋面進一步擴大,參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老保險人數(shù)、新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險人數(shù)分別達到3.66億人、4.77億人。實施統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險制度,提高基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金標準,使1.43億老人受益。職工醫(yī)保、城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合三項基本醫(yī)保參保率穩(wěn)定在95%以上。全力開展魯?shù)?、景谷地震等重大自然?zāi)害搶險救援,災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建有序推進。

2) The social safety net continued to branch out.

Social security coverage was comprehensively expanded. A total of 366 million urban residents have been brought under the coverage of the basic old-age insurance; and 477 million rural residents have been covered by the new type of rural old-age insurance. We implemented a unified basic old-age insurance system for rural and nonworking urban residents, and raised the level of basic pension benefits provided under the system, benefiting 143 million elderly people. The rates of participation in the basic medical insurance systems for working and nonworking urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care system all stood above 95%. We did our utmost to provide post-disaster relief and assistance to Ludian and Jinggu, which both were hit by earthquakes, and to other areas hit by major natural disasters. Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts progressed in an orderly fashion.

三是保障性安居工程建設(shè)扎實推進。中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資、企業(yè)債券融資和信貸資金對棚戶區(qū)改造等保障性安居工程住房建設(shè)的支持力度加大?;窘ǔ沙擎?zhèn)保障性安居工程住房511萬套,新開工740萬套。

3) Solid progress was made in the construction of government-subsidized housing.

Making use of central government expenditure, corporate debt financing, and credit funds, we provided additional support to government-subsidized housing projects such as the rebuilding of run-down areas. Construction on 5.11 million government-subsidized housing units was essentially completed, and construction on an additional 7.4 million units commenced.

四是各項社會事業(yè)全面進步。貧困地區(qū)薄弱學?;巨k學條件繼續(xù)改善,九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率、高中階段教育毛入學率預(yù)計分別達到92.6%和86.5%,農(nóng)村學生上重點高校比例繼續(xù)提高。公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè)進一步加強,住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓制度開始建立?!皢为殐珊ⅰ闭咂毡閷嵤?。公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)進一步加快,廣播電視“盲村”覆蓋任務(wù)基本完成。國內(nèi)旅游人數(shù)36.1億人次,增長10.7%,出境旅游首次突破1億人次。健康與養(yǎng)老服務(wù)重大工程啟動實施,每千名老人擁有養(yǎng)老床位數(shù)達26張。體育產(chǎn)業(yè)、體育消費加快發(fā)展,新增體育場地6.7萬個。殘疾人康復(fù)和托養(yǎng)服務(wù)體系繼續(xù)加強,專為殘疾人服務(wù)設(shè)施數(shù)預(yù)計達到3867個。

4) Progress in social programs was registered across the board.

We continued to improve the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. Projections put the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education at 92.6% and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education at 86.5%. The proportion of rural students admitted to key colleges and universities continued to increase. We further improved the public health system and began to install a standardized training system for resident physicians. A policy of allowing couples to have two children if either parent is an only child was implemented throughout the country. We accelerated the development of public cultural services and basically completed the initiative to extend radio and television coverage to every village in the country. The total number of domestic tourist trips made last year reached 3.61 billion, up 10.7% over the previous year. Outbound trips exceeded 100 million for the very first time. We launched major projects in fitness and elderly care, and increased the number of nursing home beds to 26 per 1,000 elderly people. The sports industry and sports consumption developed at an accelerated rate, with 67,000 new sports venues being built. We continued to improve recovery and care services for the disabled. The number of service facilities for the disabled is estimated to have reached 3,867.

從計劃指標運行情況看,經(jīng)濟增長、價格總水平、國際收支平衡、就業(yè)等總量指標保持在合理區(qū)間,一些反映經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)和質(zhì)量的指標進一步改善,社會發(fā)展和民生保障類指標繼續(xù)向好,資源節(jié)約利用和環(huán)境保護類指標完成情況較好,計劃指標的完成情況總體是好的。In view of the performance of the targets projected in the plan, overall targets for the national economy, such as the economic growth rate, the consumer price index, the balance of payments, and employment levels, remained within the proper range; some targets that reflect economic structure and quality were further improved; targets concerning social development and people's wellbeing kept a positive momentum; and targets concerning resource conservation and environmental protection were implemented satisfactorily. Overall, the planned targets were well met.
17個約束性指標全部完成計劃目標。其中,新增建設(shè)用地和新增建設(shè)占用農(nóng)用地2個指標預(yù)計值超過年初確定的計劃目標,主要原因:一是云南魯?shù)檎鸷蠡謴?fù)重建過程中,依法先行使用部分新增建設(shè)用地,這部分土地將按規(guī)定補辦相關(guān)手續(xù)。二是在開展城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)用地增減掛鉤、工礦廢棄地復(fù)墾利用等工作過程中,先行使用部分新增建設(shè)用地建設(shè)農(nóng)民安置房,進行土地復(fù)墾后再實現(xiàn)建設(shè)用地的占補平衡。

The 17 obligatory targets have all been achieved as planned. Among them, the target for rural land newly designated for construction and the target for land newly designated for construction as a whole are estimated to exceed the figures set at the beginning of the year. The main reasons for this are twofold:

First, during the post-earthquake efforts of recovery and reconstruction in Ludian, Yunnan, a portion of the land newly designated for construction was utilized in advance in accordance with the law, so the proper procedures for this land use will be made up for in accordance with regulations.

Second, in projects to link the amount of urban and rural land designated for construction to that of land returned to cultivation and in the efforts to reclaim land from deserted industrial and mining areas, part of the quota for land newly designated for construction was used to build housing for displaced rural residents. After reclamation of the abovementioned deserted areas is completed, that land will be used to offset the part of land newly designated for construction that was requisitioned for rural residents.

40個預(yù)期性指標運行情況總體符合或好于預(yù)期,但部分指標運行值與預(yù)期值存在差距。需要說明的是,預(yù)期性指標的計劃目標不是預(yù)測值,而是國家期望的發(fā)展目標,體現(xiàn)政策導(dǎo)向,實際運行結(jié)果可能高于預(yù)期目標,也可能低于預(yù)期目標。部分指標運行值與預(yù)期目標存在差距,有多種情況。一是一些指標本身帶有限高性質(zhì),實際運行結(jié)果適當?shù)陀陬A(yù)期目標也是正常的,比如居民消費價格指數(shù)等指標。二是為體現(xiàn)宏觀調(diào)控政策取向,有些指標會定得比預(yù)測值稍高一些,比如社會消費品零售總額增速等指標,實際運行結(jié)果與預(yù)期目標會有一定差距。三是一些指標低于預(yù)期有特殊因素,比如第三次經(jīng)濟普查后經(jīng)濟總量增加,使研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值之比略低于預(yù)期目標。四是國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟環(huán)境變化等不可控因素影響,導(dǎo)致一些指標的實際值低于預(yù)期目標,比如由于國際大宗商品價格大幅下跌,導(dǎo)致以美元計價的進出口總額增速低于預(yù)期目標。

The overall performance of the 40 anticipatory targets was in line with or better than expectations, but some of them fell short of the planned figures. It should be noted that anticipatory targets are not predicted figures; they are development objectives that the country hopes to achieve and are a reflection of its policy orientation. The actual performance of these targets may be higher or lower than projected figures. There are many cases of discrepancies between the performance of targets and the figures projected.

First, some targets themselves are ceilings, so it is normal that actual performance of such targets may be lower than the targeted figures. An example of this is the target for the CPI.

Second, some targets are set a little higher than estimated figures in order to reflect the orientation of macro-control policies, with the growth rate of retail sales of consumer goods being one such target. The actual performance of these targets might vary a certain amount from targeted figures.

Third, some targets being lower than expected is due to unique factors. For instance, because the size of China's economy increased after the third national economic census, the target for R&D spending as a percentage of GDP was slightly lower than projected figure.

Fourth, uncontrollable factors such as changes in the domestic or international economic environment may cause the actual figures of some targets to be lower than projected. An example of this is how the sharp drop in the prices of major commodities in the international market has caused the growth rate in the total volume of US dollar-denominated imports and exports to be slower than expected.

總之,在世界政治經(jīng)濟形勢紛繁復(fù)雜、國內(nèi)發(fā)展新問題新挑戰(zhàn)持續(xù)顯現(xiàn)的情況下,我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展取得這樣的成就來之不易。這是黨中央國務(wù)院正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果,是各地區(qū)各部門共同努力的結(jié)果,是全國各族人民團結(jié)奮斗的結(jié)果,值得充分肯定、倍加珍惜。In short, in the face of complex international political and economic situations and an increasing number of new problems and new challenges in China's development, the achievements that China has made thus far in economic and social development have not come easily. They are the result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, as well as the concerted efforts of all regions, all departments, and the people of all our ethnic groups, and should all the more be fully recognized and cherished.
同時,我們也清醒地認識到,世界政治、經(jīng)濟、地緣等各種因素相互交織,全球經(jīng)濟仍處在國際金融危機后的深度調(diào)整中,總體延續(xù)緩慢復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢。國內(nèi)長期積累的不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)不可持續(xù)問題和“三期疊加”的影響依然存在,經(jīng)濟運行面臨不少困難和挑戰(zhàn)。一是經(jīng)濟下行壓力還在加大。對穩(wěn)增長具有關(guān)鍵作用的投資增速持續(xù)回落,消費需求難有大的提升,外需難有明顯起色,新老增長點青黃不接。二是部分企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難。工業(yè)生產(chǎn)者出廠價格持續(xù)下降,通縮預(yù)期上升,資金、勞動力等要素成本上漲,信貸資金向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟傳導(dǎo)不暢,小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴問題仍未根本緩解,企業(yè)利潤明顯下滑,影響企業(yè)對未來市場的信心,對就業(yè)和居民收入的滯后影響不容忽視。三是傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩且新興領(lǐng)域有效供給不足?;猱a(chǎn)能過剩任務(wù)艱巨,去產(chǎn)能化過程中社會壓力增大。新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)領(lǐng)域準入限制較多,一些需求較旺的領(lǐng)域國內(nèi)有效供給能力明顯不足。四是改革攻堅消除隱形壁壘、突破利益藩籬的難度加大。改革已經(jīng)進入攻堅期、深水區(qū),深化改革涉及的矛盾、觸及的利益更加復(fù)雜。有的改革方案質(zhì)量有待提高,部分改革舉措落地情況不盡如人意。五是一些領(lǐng)域潛在風險需要高度關(guān)注。房地產(chǎn)市場調(diào)整面臨較大不確定性,市場呈現(xiàn)分化態(tài)勢,一些企業(yè)出現(xiàn)信用違約,銀行不良貸款增加,經(jīng)濟風險逐漸暴露。此外,農(nóng)業(yè)、外貿(mào)、社會、民生、生態(tài)環(huán)保、安全生產(chǎn)等領(lǐng)域也出現(xiàn)一些新的問題。面對這些矛盾和問題,我們一定保持清醒頭腦,增強危機意識和底線思維,認真應(yīng)對,努力解決。

At the same time, we should also be keenly aware that world politics, the economy, and geopolitics are closely intertwined; the global economy is still under profound adjustment following the international financial crisis, and overall, it continues to recover slowly.

Domestically, the long-standing problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development remain unresolved; in its current stage of development, China has to simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies; and there are many difficulties and challenges facing the economy.

First, downward pressure on economic growth is building up. Growth in investment, which plays a key role in ensuring economic growth, has continued to slow back down; consumer demand is having a difficult time making significant increases; foreign demand is unlikely to change for the better; and new growth areas in consumer spending have not yet been able to fill the gaps left by old ones.

Second, some enterprises are having difficulties in production and operations. The output producer price index (PPI) has continued to fall; the expectation of deflation is getting stronger; the cost of factors of production such as capital and labor is increasing; there are still problems in the flow of credit funds to the real economy; the problem of small and micro businesses obtaining financing only at great effort and high cost has not been fundamentally alleviated; and enterprise profits have dropped markedly, affecting their confidence in the near-future market and producing a non-trivial ripple effect on employment and people's income.

Third, there is overcapacity in traditional industries and a lack of effective supply in emerging industries. Resolving the problem of overcapacity is an arduous task that will increase pressure on society. There are too many restrictions upon entering into emerging industries and modern services, and there is a clear lack of effective supply of some goods or services for which there is a huge demand in the domestic market.

Fourth, it is becoming more difficult to remove hidden barriers and break vested interests when tackling the hard problems in reform. As China's reform is at a critical stage and in a deep-water zone, deepening reform will involve more complicated conflicts and affect more deep-rooted interests. Some reform plans need further improvement, and the implementation of some reform measures is far from satisfactory.

Fifth, potential risks in some areas need our close attention. Adjustments to the real estate market face major uncertainties; different trends have emerged in the market; credit defaults have appeared in some enterprises; the amount of bad debt reported by banks has increased; and economic risks are emerging.

In addition, new problems have also cropped up in agriculture, foreign trade, social work, people's wellbeing, ecological progress, environmental protection, and workplace safety.

Faced with these issues, we must keep a clear head and become more aware of any possible crisis and the bottom line, then work hard to respond to and resolve them.

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