《新疆各民族平等團(tuán)結(jié)發(fā)展的歷史見證》白皮書
White Paper: Historical Witness to Ethnic Equality, Unity and Development
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 七、尊重和保護(hù)宗教信仰自由 | VII. Respecting and Protecting Freedom of Religious Belief |
| 新疆歷史上就是一個(gè)多種宗教并存的地區(qū)。目前，新疆有伊斯蘭教、佛教、基督教、天主教、道教等。 | Xinjiang is a region where several religions have existed side by side since ancient times. The religions in Xinjiang today include Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Daoism and Orthodox Eastern Church. |
| 新中國成立前，新疆宗教關(guān)系十分復(fù)雜，歷史上不同宗教之間、同一宗教的不同教派之間發(fā)生過很多沖突。10世紀(jì)中葉，信仰伊斯蘭教的喀喇汗王朝向信仰佛教的于闐王國發(fā)動了40余年的宗教戰(zhàn)爭。這場戰(zhàn)爭給新疆南部地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會和人民生活造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞，佛教徒被迫改信伊斯蘭教，佛教文化更幾近毀滅。明清時(shí)期，伊斯蘭教內(nèi)部分裂為黑山派和白山派，兩派進(jìn)行了長達(dá)數(shù)百年的激烈爭斗，穆斯林群眾在兩派斗爭中被迫選邊站隊(duì)，失去了宗教信仰的自由。 | Before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the relations between different religions were very complicated. In history, there were frequent conflicts between different religions and between different sects of the same religion. In the mid-10th century, the Islamic Kara-Khanid Khanate launched a religious war against the Buddhist kingdom of Khotan. Having lasted for more than 40 years, the war caused great damage to the society and economy of southern Xinjiang and dreadful sufferings to the people there. Buddhist believers were forced to convert to Islam, and Buddhist culture was almost totally destroyed in the area. During the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1912), Islam split into two hostile sects - Qara-taghlyq (black mountain) and Aq-taghlyq (white mountain), whose bitter feuds lasted for hundreds of years. Muslims were compelled to take side, either this or that, thereby forfeiting their religious freedom. |
| 新中國成立以來，民族區(qū)域自治制度的落實(shí)，宗教信仰自由政策的貫徹實(shí)施，宗教制度的民主改革和對宗教事務(wù)的依法管理，促進(jìn)了新疆各宗教的和睦相處。信教和不信教公民以及信仰不同宗教公民相互尊重和理解，新疆各宗教迎來了和諧共處的新的歷史階段，各族人民真正獲得了宗教信仰自由的權(quán)利。 | After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the policy of religious freedom is implemented together with the practice of the policy of ethnic regional autonomy; democratic reform of religious system and law-based management of religious affairs have helped the harmonious coexistence among different religions in Xinjiang. Citizens believing in or not believing in region have treated one another with respect and understanding, ushering in a new historical period of harmonious coexistence of the various religions in Xinjiang. It is then the people of all ethnic groups in the region have indeed got the right to freedom of religious belief. |
| 宗教信仰自由是中國憲法賦予公民的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利?！吨腥A人民共和國憲法》規(guī)定：“中華人民共和國公民有宗教信仰自由?！薄吨腥A人民共和國民族區(qū)域自治法》明確規(guī)定：“民族自治地方的自治機(jī)關(guān)保障各民族公民有宗教信仰自由?！薄叭魏螄覚C(jī)關(guān)、社會團(tuán)體和個(gè)人不得強(qiáng)制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民。”“國家保護(hù)正常的宗教活動。”2004年國務(wù)院公布的《宗教事務(wù)條例》明確規(guī)定：“公民有宗教信仰自由?！薄皣乙婪ūＷo(hù)正常的宗教活動，維護(hù)宗教團(tuán)體、宗教活動場所和信教公民的合法權(quán)益?！?/td> | Freedom of religious belief is a basic right bestowed by the Constitution on all its citizens. It is stipulated in the Constitution as follows: "Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of religious belief." The Law of the People's Republic of China on Ethnic Regional Autonomy clearly rules, "Organs of self-government in ethnic autonomous areas guarantee the freedom of religious belief to citizens of the various ethnic groups..."; "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not to believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion..."; "The state protects normal religious activities." In addition, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Religious Affairs in 2004, which stipulates, "Citizens enjoy freedom of religious belief..."; "The state protects normal religious activities, as well as the legal rights and interests of believers, religious organizations and venues for religious activities in accordance with the law." |
| 中國政府全面貫徹宗教信仰自由政策，尊重公民信仰宗教的自由和不信仰宗教的自由權(quán)利，公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，在法律面前一律平等，都必須履行憲法、法律規(guī)定的義務(wù)。侵犯公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教自由要承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任，信仰宗教或不信仰宗教的公民違反憲法和法律規(guī)定同樣要承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。 | The Chinese government is fully committed to a policy of freedom of religious belief, respecting its citizens' freedom to believe or not believe in religion. Citizens are equal before the law and must carry out the duties imposed by the Constitution and other laws, whether they believe in or not believe in any religion. Anyone who encroaches on the citizens' freedom of believing in or not believing in any religion shall bear legal liability, and citizens both believing in or not believing in any religion also bear legal liability for breaching the Constitution and the law. |
| 宗教信仰自由政策在新疆得到全面貫徹。自治區(qū)成立以來，各族人民充分享有宗教信仰自由權(quán)利，信教和不信教、過去信教而現(xiàn)在不信教、過去不信教而現(xiàn)在信教、信仰這種宗教或那種宗教以及同一宗教中信仰這個(gè)教派或那個(gè)教派，完全由公民自由選擇。信徒在宗教活動場所內(nèi)以及按照宗教習(xí)慣在自己家里進(jìn)行的一切正常的宗教活動受到法律保護(hù)，任何機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體和個(gè)人不得干涉。 | The policy of freedom of religious belief has been fully implemented in Xinjiang. After the founding of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, people of all ethnic groups are guaranteed the right of freedom in religious belief. It is up to the person concerned to make his or her free decision to believe or not to believe in any religion, to believe in a religion in the past but not now, not to believe any religion in the past but believe one now, to believe in this or that religion and to believe in this or that sect of the same religion. All normal religious activities held by the believers either in religious venues or at their homes in line with customary religious practices are protected by the law, and no state organ, public organization or individual may interfere with such activities. |
| 目前，新疆共有清真寺、教堂、寺院、道觀等宗教活動場所2.48萬座，宗教教職人員2.93萬人，基本滿足了信教群眾正常宗教活動的需要?，F(xiàn)有宗教團(tuán)體112個(gè)，宗教院校8所。宗教界代表人士在各級人民代表大會、政治協(xié)商會議擔(dān)任代表、委員的有1436人，他們代表信教群眾積極參政議政，并對政府貫徹宗教信仰自由政策進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。宗教團(tuán)體的合法權(quán)益得到法律保障。? | Xinjiang currently has 24,800 venues for religious activities, including mosques, churches, Buddhist temples and Daoist temples with 29,300 clerical practitioners, basically sufficient to meet the religious believers' needs for normal religious activities. In addition, the region has 112 religious organizations and eight religious colleges. In Xinjiang, 1,436 religious practitioners have been elected deputies to or members of people's congresses and the people's political consultative conferences at various levels. They have actively participated in deliberations and management of administrative affairs on behalf of religious believers, and in exercising supervision over the government in respect to the implementation of the policy of freedom of religious belief. The lawful rights and interests of religious organizations are protected by the law. |
| 新疆現(xiàn)有10個(gè)民族的大多數(shù)公民信仰伊斯蘭教，有清真寺2.44萬座、教職人員2.86萬人。20世紀(jì)80年代以來，中央政府撥款1000多萬元修繕被列入國家和自治區(qū)文物保護(hù)單位的喀什艾提尕爾清真寺、和田加曼清真寺、烏魯木齊洋行清真寺、吐魯番蘇公塔等一大批場所。1987年新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)學(xué)院成立以來，共培養(yǎng)學(xué)員634人。2001年至今，新疆伊斯蘭教經(jīng)文學(xué)校共舉辦132期培訓(xùn)班，培訓(xùn)宗教教職人員28665人次。為了培養(yǎng)高層次的伊斯蘭教教職人員，自2001年以來新疆已先后選派70人到埃及、巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯等國家的伊斯蘭教高等學(xué)府訪學(xué)深造。按照國際社會通行做法，中國政府實(shí)行有計(jì)劃有組織的朝覲政策。僅2010年以來，新疆赴沙特阿拉伯有組織的朝覲人數(shù)就達(dá)1.5萬人。 | Most people of Xinjiang's 10 major ethnic groups are followers of Islam, so there are all together in Xinjiang 24,400 mosques with 28,600 clerical personnel. Since the 1980s, the central government has allocated over RMB10 million to maintaining or repairing a number of key religious sites listed under the protection of the state and the autonomous region, including the Id Kah Mosque in Kashi, Juma Mosque in Hotan, Yang Hang Mosque in Urumqi, and Emin Minaret in Turfan. The Xinjiang Islamic Institute has trained 634 students since its founding in 1987, and since 2001 has held 132 training sessions for 28,665 clerical personnel. Since 2001, in order to train high-caliber clerics, Xinjiang has sent 70 people to visit Islamic institutions of higher-learning in Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and other countries for further studies. In accordance with standard international practices, the Chinese government has implemented a policy for planning and organizing pilgrimages. Since 2010, up to 15,000 people from Xinjiang have made pilgrimages to Mecca in Saudi Arabia. |
| 信教群眾正常的宗教需求得到滿足。自治區(qū)堅(jiān)持按照宗教的規(guī)律去做好宗教工作，充分尊重公民的宗教信仰自由權(quán)利，不斷積極穩(wěn)步拓寬信教群眾正確掌握宗教常識的合法渠道，信教群眾的合理宗教需求基本得到滿足。截至2014年，已發(fā)行維吾爾、哈薩克、漢、柯爾克孜等文字的《古蘭經(jīng)》《布哈里圣訓(xùn)實(shí)錄精華》《臥爾茲選編》等宗教經(jīng)典書籍和維吾爾、哈薩克、漢文版的《新編臥爾茲演講集》系列及《中國穆斯林》雜志，數(shù)量達(dá)到176萬冊。2013年新版維吾爾文《古蘭經(jīng)》出版，發(fā)行23萬冊。截至2014年，在新疆發(fā)行的少數(shù)民族文字版的伊斯蘭教類出版物已達(dá)到20多種，基本滿足了穆斯林群眾學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)文和了解宗教知識的愿望。 | The normal requirements of religious believers have been satisfied. The government of the autonomous region has managed to do a better job in the religion-related work in view of the actual conditions of the various religions; it has shown full respect to citizens' right of freedom of religious beliefs and has kept opening up new legitimate channels for religious believers to correctly understand the ABC of the various religions, thus basically satisfying the reasonable requirements of the religious believers. By 2014, more than 1.76 million copies of religious classics, books, and magazines had been published, including the Quran, Selections from Al-Sahih Muhammad Ibn-Ismail al-Bukhari and Selected Works of Waez in Uygur, Kazak, Han Chinese and Kirgiz languages, the "New Collections of Waez's Speeches" series in Uygur, Kazak and Han Chinese languages, and the magazine China's Muslims. In 2013, the new Uygur edition of the Quran was published and 230,000 copies were sold. By 2014, the number of Islamic publications available in Xinjiang's ethnic minority languages exceeded 20, which basically satisfies Muslims' demands to learn about the Islam and Islamic scriptures. |
| 依法加強(qiáng)對宗教事務(wù)的管理。國家和自治區(qū)按照“保護(hù)合法、制止非法、遏制極端、抵御滲透、打擊犯罪”的基本原則，依照法律法規(guī)對宗教事務(wù)進(jìn)行管理，依法保護(hù)宗教信仰自由、保證正常宗教活動有序進(jìn)行、保障宗教團(tuán)體的合法權(quán)益。2014年自治區(qū)重新修訂頒布了《新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)宗教事務(wù)條例》。這些法規(guī)和規(guī)章進(jìn)一步貫徹憲法確定的保護(hù)公民宗教信仰自由的基本政策，強(qiáng)調(diào)宗教必須在法律法規(guī)范圍內(nèi)活動，禁止利用宗教進(jìn)行危害國家安全和利益、社會公共利益和公民合法權(quán)益的活動等。 | Xinjiang has strengthened management of religious affairs in accordance with the law. The state and the autonomous region, following the basic principles of "protecting the lawful, banning the unlawful, holding in check the extremist, resisting infiltration and punishing crime," exercise management of religious affairs, protect the freedom of religious beliefs and ensure the orderly holding of normal religious activities and protect the legitimate rights and interests of religious organizations in accordance with the law and relevant regulations. The re-amended Regulations of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on Religious Affairs were issued in 2014, indicating further implementation of the basic policy of protecting the citizens' freedom of religious belief as prescribed in the Constitution, in addition to emphasizing that religious activities must be carried out within the boundaries prescribed by the law and relevant regulations and that activities that harm national security and interests, public interests and the citizens' legitimate rights and interests in the name of religion must be banned. |
| 堅(jiān)決依法遏制宗教極端主義。宗教極端主義極力鼓吹宗教極端思想，煽動對“異教”和“異教徒”的仇恨和仇視，破壞了新疆各宗教和睦相處和民族團(tuán)結(jié)；否定新疆傳統(tǒng)的伊斯蘭教，破壞了伊斯蘭教內(nèi)部的和諧，損害了穆斯林群眾的根本利益。宗教極端主義違背和歪曲伊斯蘭教教義，以“圣戰(zhàn)殉教進(jìn)天堂”等歪理邪說蠱惑蒙騙穆斯林群眾特別是青少年，把一些人變成完全受他們精神控制的極端分子和恐怖分子，頻繁進(jìn)行暴力恐怖活動，殘殺包括伊斯蘭教宗教人士和穆斯林群眾在內(nèi)的各族無辜群眾。大量事實(shí)表明，宗教極端主義已成為危害國家統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)，破壞宗教和睦與社會和諧，影響新疆社會穩(wěn)定和長治久安，危害各族人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全的現(xiàn)實(shí)危險(xiǎn)。依法遏制宗教極端主義，是維護(hù)國家和人民包括穆斯林群眾根本利益的正義之舉，也是國際社會應(yīng)對宗教極端主義的重要組成部分。自治區(qū)堅(jiān)持宗教信仰自由政策，保護(hù)公民正常宗教活動，深入推進(jìn)去極端化，保障人民生命安全，有效遏制了宗教極端主義滲透蔓延的態(tài)勢。 | Religious extremism has been firmly curbed in accordance with the law. Religious extremists advocate extreme ideas, incite religious hatred and resentment against other religions and "heretics," undermine Xinjiang's religious harmony and ethnic unity, deny the traditional Islam in Xinjiang, cause damage to its internal harmony and jeopardize the fundamental interests of Muslims. Extremist ideas distort and contravene Islamic theology, and the extremists bewitch Muslims, especially teenagers, with such heretical ideas as "the shahid (martyr) engaged in jihad (holy war) can live in the garden of Paradise," thus turning some individuals into extremists and terrorists whose thoughts are controlled and who are manipulated to frequently perform acts of violence and terrorism and kill innocent people of all ethnic groups, even their fellow Islamic clerics and Muslims. Many facts have revealed that religious extremism has developed into a real risk that has endangered national and ethnic unity, undermines religious and social harmony, menaces Xinjiang's lasting social stability and threatens the life and property safety of people of all ethnic groups. Suppressing religious extremism in accordance with the law is a just move that protects the fundamental interests of the state and the people, including Muslims themselves, and is also an important part of the international response to religious extremism. The autonomous region has always pursued the policy of freedom of religious belief, protected normal religious activities, worked hard against extremism in ensuring the life safety of the people, and effectively prevented spreading of religious extremism. |
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