中國(guó)政府關(guān)于菲律賓所提南海仲裁案管轄權(quán)問題的立場(chǎng)文件
Position Paper of the Chinese Government on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration Initiated by the Philippines
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| 六、結(jié)論 | VI. Conclusions |
| 86. 中國(guó)認(rèn)為，仲裁庭對(duì)于菲律賓單方面就中菲在南海的爭(zhēng)端提起的強(qiáng)制仲裁明顯沒有管轄權(quán)。 | 86. It is the view of China that the Arbitral Tribunal manifestly has no jurisdiction over this arbitration, unilaterally initiated by the Philippines, with regard to disputes between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea. |
| 第一，菲律賓提請(qǐng)仲裁事項(xiàng)的實(shí)質(zhì)是南海部分島礁的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)問題，超出《公約》的調(diào)整范圍，不涉及《公約》的解釋或適用； | Firstly, the essence of the subject-matter of the arbitration is the territorial sovereignty over the relevant maritime features in the South China Sea, which is beyond the scope of the Convention and is consequently not concerned with the interpretation or application of the Convention. |
| 第二，以談判方式解決在南海的爭(zhēng)端是中菲兩國(guó)通過雙邊文件和《宣言》所達(dá)成的協(xié)議，菲律賓單方面將中菲有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端提交強(qiáng)制仲裁違反國(guó)際法； | Secondly, there is an agreement between China and the Philippines to settle their disputes in the South China Sea by negotiations, as embodied in bilateral instruments and the DOC. Thus the unilateral initiation of the present arbitration by the Philippines has clearly violated international law. |
| 第三，即使菲律賓提出的仲裁事項(xiàng)涉及有關(guān)《公約》解釋或適用的問題，也構(gòu)成中菲兩國(guó)海域劃界不可分割的組成部分，而中國(guó)已經(jīng)根據(jù)《公約》的規(guī)定于2006年作出聲明，將涉及海域劃界等事項(xiàng)的爭(zhēng)端排除適用仲裁等強(qiáng)制爭(zhēng)端解決程序； | Thirdly, even assuming that the subject-matter of the arbitration did concern the interpretation or application of the Convention, it has been excluded by the 2006 declaration filed by China under Article 298 of the Convention, due to its being an integral part of the dispute of maritime delimitation between the two States. |
| 第四，中國(guó)從未就菲律賓提出的仲裁事項(xiàng)接受過《公約》規(guī)定的強(qiáng)制爭(zhēng)端解決程序；仲裁庭應(yīng)充分尊重締約國(guó)自行選擇爭(zhēng)端解決方式的權(quán)利，在《公約》規(guī)定的限度內(nèi)行使其確定管轄權(quán)方面的權(quán)力；菲律賓提起仲裁是對(duì)《公約》強(qiáng)制爭(zhēng)端解決程序的濫用。中國(guó)不接受、不參與該仲裁具有充分的國(guó)際法依據(jù)。 | Fourthly, China has never accepted any compulsory procedures of the Convention with regard to the Philippines' claims for arbitration. The Arbitral Tribunal shall fully respect the right of the States Parties to the Convention to choose the means of dispute settlement of their own accord, and exercise its competence to decide on its jurisdiction within the confines of the Convention. The initiation of the present arbitration by the Philippines is an abuse of the compulsory dispute settlement procedures under the Convention. There is a solid basis in international law for China's rejection of and non-participation in the present arbitration. |
| 87. 中國(guó)一貫奉行睦鄰友好政策，主張?jiān)诤推焦蔡幬屙?xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上，通過平等協(xié)商，公平合理地解決領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端和海域劃界問題。中國(guó)認(rèn)為，談判始終是國(guó)際法認(rèn)可的和平解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端最直接、最有效和最普遍的方式。 | 87. China consistently adheres to the policy of friendly relations with its neighbouring States, and strives for fair and equitable solution in respect of disputes of territorial sovereignty and maritime delimitation by way of negotiations on the basis of equality and the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. China holds that negotiations is always the most direct, effective, and universally used means for peaceful settlement of international disputes. |
| 88. 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的外交努力和談判，中國(guó)與14個(gè)陸地鄰國(guó)中的12個(gè)國(guó)家妥善解決了邊界問題，劃定和勘定的邊界線長(zhǎng)度達(dá)兩萬(wàn)公里，占中國(guó)陸地邊界總長(zhǎng)度的90%。在海上，2000年12月25日中國(guó)與越南通過談判簽訂了《中華人民共和國(guó)和越南社會(huì)主義共和國(guó)關(guān)于兩國(guó)在北部灣領(lǐng)海、專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和大陸架的劃界協(xié)定》，劃定了兩國(guó)在北部灣的海上邊界。中國(guó)還于1997年11月11日與日本簽署了《中華人民共和國(guó)和日本國(guó)漁業(yè)協(xié)定》，2000年8月3日與韓國(guó)簽署了《中華人民共和國(guó)政府和大韓民國(guó)政府漁業(yè)協(xié)定》，2005年12月24日與朝鮮簽署了《中華人民共和國(guó)政府和朝鮮民主主義人民共和國(guó)政府關(guān)于海上共同開發(fā)石油的協(xié)定》，作為海域劃界前的臨時(shí)性安排。 | 88. After years of diplomatic efforts and negotiations, China has successfully resolved land boundary disputes with twelve out of its fourteen neighbours, delimiting and demarcating some 20,000 kilometres in length of land boundary in the process, which accounts for over 90% of the total length of China's land boundary. On 25 December 2000, China and Vietnam concluded, following negotiations, the Agreement between the People’s Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam on the Delimitation of the Territorial Seas, the Exclusive Economic Zones and Continental Shelves in Beibu Bay, establishing a maritime boundary between the two States in Beibu Bay. On 11 November 1997, the Agreement on Fisheries between the People's Republic of China and Japan was signed. On 3 August 2000, the Agreement on Fisheries between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Korea was signed. On 24 December 2005, the Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea for Joint Development of Oil Resources at Sea was signed. All these are provisional arrangements pending the maritime delimitation between China and those States. |
| 89. 事實(shí)證明，只要相關(guān)國(guó)家秉持善意，在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行友好協(xié)商談判，就可以妥善地解決領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端和海域劃界問題。對(duì)于中國(guó)與菲律賓之間的有關(guān)爭(zhēng)端，中國(guó)也堅(jiān)持同樣的原則和立場(chǎng)。 | 89. The facts show that, as long as States concerned negotiate in good faith and on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, territorial and maritime delimitation disputes can be resolved properly between them. This principle and position of China equally apply to its disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea. |
| 90. 中國(guó)不認(rèn)為在當(dāng)事方同意的基礎(chǔ)上將爭(zhēng)端提交仲裁是不友好的行為。但是，在涉及領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)利的問題上，明知他國(guó)已明確表示不接受仲裁，明知雙方已承諾通過雙邊直接談判解決爭(zhēng)端，還要強(qiáng)行將爭(zhēng)端訴諸仲裁，就不能被認(rèn)為是友善的行為，更不能被認(rèn)為是堅(jiān)持法治的精神，因?yàn)檫@與國(guó)際法的基本原則背道而馳，違反國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則。這種做法不僅不可能使兩國(guó)爭(zhēng)端得到妥善解決，反而會(huì)進(jìn)一步損害兩國(guó)之間的互信，使兩國(guó)之間的問題進(jìn)一步復(fù)雜化。 | 90. China does not consider submission by agreement of a dispute to arbitration as an unfriendly act. In respect of disputes of territorial sovereignty and maritime rights, unilateral resort to compulsory arbitration against another State, however, cannot be taken as a friendly act, when the initiating State is fully aware of the opposition of the other State to the action and the existing agreement between them on dispute settlement through negotiations. Furthermore, such action cannot be regarded as in conformity with the rule of law, as it runs counter to the basic rules and principles of international law. It will not in any way facilitate a proper settlement of the dispute between the two countries. Instead it will undermine mutual trust and further complicate the bilateral relations. |
| 91. 近年來，菲律賓在黃巖島和仁愛礁等問題上不斷采取新的挑釁行動(dòng)，不僅嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了中菲之間的政治互信，也破壞了中國(guó)與東盟國(guó)家共同落實(shí)《宣言》、磋商制訂“南海行為準(zhǔn)則”的良好氛圍。事實(shí)上，過去幾年來，在東南亞地區(qū)，不是菲律賓所描繪的“中國(guó)變得更強(qiáng)勢(shì)”，而是菲律賓自己變得更具挑釁性。 | 91. In recent years, the Philippines has repeatedly taken new provocative actions in respect of Huangyan Dao and Ren'ai Jiao. Such actions have gravely hindered mutual political trust between China and the Philippines, and undermined the amicable atmosphere for China and ASEAN member States to implement the DOC and consult on the proposed Code of Conduct in the South China Sea. In fact, in the region of Southeast Asia, it is not China that has become "increasingly assertive"; it is the Philippines that has become increasingly provocative. |
| 92. 南海問題涉及多個(gè)國(guó)家，加上各種復(fù)雜的歷史背景和敏感的政治因素，需要各方的耐心和政治智慧才能實(shí)現(xiàn)最終解決。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，有關(guān)各方應(yīng)當(dāng)在尊重歷史事實(shí)和國(guó)際法的基礎(chǔ)上，通過協(xié)商和談判尋求妥善的解決辦法。在有關(guān)問題得到徹底解決之前，各方應(yīng)當(dāng)開展對(duì)話，尋求合作，維護(hù)南海的和平與穩(wěn)定，不斷增信釋疑，為問題的最終解決創(chuàng)造條件。 | 92. The issue of the South China Sea involves a number of States, and is compounded by complex historical background and sensitive political factors. Its final resolution demands patience and political wisdom from all parties concerned. China always maintains that the parties concerned shall seek proper ways and means of settlement through consultations and negotiations on the basis of respect for historical facts and international law. Pending final settlement, all parties concerned should engage in dialogue and cooperation to preserve peace and stability in the South China Sea, enhance mutual trust, clear up doubts, and create conditions for the eventual resolution of the issue. |
| 93. 菲律賓單方面提起仲裁的做法，不會(huì)改變中國(guó)對(duì)南海諸島及其附近海域擁有主權(quán)的歷史和事實(shí)，不會(huì)動(dòng)搖中國(guó)維護(hù)主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益的決心和意志，不會(huì)影響中國(guó)通過直接談判解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議以及與本地區(qū)國(guó)家共同維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定的政策和立場(chǎng)。 | 93. The unilateral initiation of the present arbitration by the Philippines will not change the history and fact of China's sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands and the adjacent waters; nor will it shake China's resolve and determination to safeguard its sovereignty and maritime rights and interests; nor will it affect the policy and position of China to resolve the relevant disputes by direct negotiations and work together with other States in the region to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea. |
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