《中國堅(jiān)持通過談判解決中國與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭議》白皮書
White Paper: China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea
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| （二）中國始終堅(jiān)定維護(hù)在南海的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益 | ii. China has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea |
| 23. 中國對南海諸島的主權(quán)在20世紀(jì)前未遭遇任何挑戰(zhàn)。20世紀(jì)30年代至40年代，法國和日本先后以武力非法侵占中國南沙群島部分島礁。對此，中國人民奮起抵抗，當(dāng)時中國政府采取一系列措施，捍衛(wèi)對南沙群島的主權(quán)。 | 23. China's sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao had never been challenged before the 20th century. When France and Japan invaded and illegally occupied by force some islands and reefs of China's Nansha Qundao in the 1930s and 1940s, the Chinese people rose to fight back strenuously and the Chinese government took a series of measures to defend China's sovereignty over Nansha Qundao. |
| 24. 1933年，法國曾經(jīng)一度侵入南沙群島部分島礁，發(fā)布政府公報宣告“占領(lǐng)”，制造了“九小島事件”。中國各地各界反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈、群起抗議，紛紛譴責(zé)法國的侵略行徑。居住在南沙群島的中國漁民也在實(shí)地進(jìn)行抵抗，符洪光、柯家裕、鄭蘭錠等人砍倒法國在太平島、北子島、南威島、中業(yè)島等島上懸掛法國國旗的旗桿。 | 24. In 1933, France invaded some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao and declared "occupation" of them in an announcement published in Journal Officiel, creating the "Incident of the Nine Islets". The French aggression triggered strong reactions and large scale protests from all walks of life across China. The Chinese fishermen living on Nansha Qundao also took on-site resistance against the French aggression. Chinese fishermen Fu Hongguang, Ke Jiayu, Zheng Landing and others cut down the posts flying French flags on Taiping Dao, Beizi Dao, Nanwei Dao, Zhongye Dao and others. |
| 25. “九小島事件”發(fā)生后，中國外交部發(fā)言人表示，南沙群島有關(guān)島嶼“僅有我漁人居留島上，在國際上確認(rèn)為中國領(lǐng)土”，中國政府就法方侵入九小島提出嚴(yán)正交涉。同時，廣東省政府針對法國誘騙中國漁民懸掛法國國旗，命令各縣長布告，禁止在南沙群島及海域作業(yè)的中國漁船懸掛外國旗幟，并給漁民發(fā)放中國國旗，要求懸掛。 | 25. Shortly after this Incident happened, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs made clear through its spokesperson, referring to the relevant islands of Nansha Qundao, that "no other people but Chinese fishermen live on the islands and they are recognized internationally as Chinese territory". The Chinese government made strong representations to the French government against its aggression. And in response to the French attempt to trick Chinese fishermen into hanging French flags, the government of Guangdong Province instructed that administrators of all counties should issue public notice forbidding all Chinese fishing vessels operating in Nansha Qundao and relevant waters from hanging foreign flags, and Chinese national flags were distributed to them to be hung on Chinese fishing vessels. |
| 26. 由外交部、內(nèi)政部、海軍部等部門組成的水陸地圖審查委員會，專門審定中國南海諸島各島、礁、灘、沙名稱，并于1935年編印并公布了《中國南海各島嶼圖》。 | 26. China's Committee for the Examination for the Land and Sea Maps, which was composed of representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of the Navy and other institutions, reviewed and approved the names of individual islands, reefs, banks and shoals of Nanhai Zhudao, compiled and published Zhong Guo Nan Hai Ge Dao Yu Tu (Map of the South China Sea Islands of China) in 1935. |
| 27. 日本在侵華戰(zhàn)爭期間曾非法侵占中國南海諸島。中國人民對日本的侵略進(jìn)行了英勇抵抗。隨著世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭和中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭的推進(jìn)，中、美、英三國于1943年12月發(fā)表《開羅宣言》鄭重宣布，日本必須將所竊取的中國領(lǐng)土歸還中國。1945年7月，中、美、英三國發(fā)表《波茨坦公告》，其中第8條明確規(guī)定，“開羅宣言之條件必將實(shí)施”。 | 27. Japan invaded and illegally occupied Nanhai Zhudao during its war of aggression against China. The Chinese people fought heroically against the Japanese aggression. With the advance of the World's Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China, the United States and the United Kingdom solemnly demanded in the Cairo Declaration in December 1943 that all the territories Japan had stolen from the Chinese shall be restored to China. In July 1945, China, the United States and the United Kingdom issued the Potsdam Proclamation. That Proclamation explicitly declares in Article 8: "The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out." |
| 28. 1945年8月，日本宣布接受《波茨坦公告》無條件投降。1946年11月至12月，中國政府指派林遵上校等高級軍政官員，乘坐“永興”、“中建”、“太平”、“中業(yè)”4艘軍艦，分赴西沙群島和南沙群島，舉行儀式，重立主權(quán)碑，派兵駐守。隨后，中國政府用上述4艘軍艦名對西沙群島和南沙群島的4個島嶼進(jìn)行重新命名。 | 28. In August 1945, Japan announced its acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation and its unconditional surrender. In November and December 1946, the Chinese government dispatched Colonel Lin Zun and other senior military and civil officials to Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao to resume exercise of authority over these Islands, with commemorative ceremonies held, sovereignty markers re-erected, and troops garrisoned. These officials arrived at these islands on four warships, namely Yongxing, Zhongjian, Taiping and Zhongye. Subsequently, the Chinese government renamed four islands of Xisha Qundao and Nansha Qundao after the names of those four warships. |
| 29. 1947年3月，中國政府在太平島設(shè)立南沙群島管理處，隸屬廣東省。中國還在太平島設(shè)立氣象臺和電臺，自6月起對外廣播氣象信息。 | 29. In March 1947, the Chinese government established on Taiping Dao Nansha Qundao Office of Administration and placed it under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. China also set up a meteorological station and a radio station on Taiping Dao, which started broadcasting meteorological information in June of that year. |
| 30. 在對南海諸島重新進(jìn)行地理測繪的基礎(chǔ)上，中國政府于1947年組織編寫了《南海諸島地理志略》，審定《南海諸島新舊名稱對照表》，繪制標(biāo)有南海斷續(xù)線的《南海諸島位置圖》。1948年2月，中國政府公布《中華民國行政區(qū)域圖》，包括《南海諸島位置圖》。 | 30. On the basis of a new round of geographical survey of Nanhai Zhudao, the Chinese government commissioned in 1947 the compilation of Nan Hai Zhu Dao Di Li Zhi Lüe (A Brief Account of the Geography of the South China Sea Islands), reviewed and approved Nan Hai Zhu Dao Xin Jiu Ming Cheng Dui Zhao Biao (Comparison Table on the Old and New Names of the South China Sea Islands), and drew Nan Hai Zhu Dao Wei Zhi Tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands) on which the dotted line is marked. In February 1948, the Chinese government officially published Zhong Hua Min Guo Xing Zheng Qu Yu Tu (Map of the Administrative Districts of the Republic of China) including Nan Hai Zhu Dao Wei Zhi Tu (Location Map of the South China Sea Islands). |
| 31. 1949年6月，中國政府頒布《海南特區(qū)行政長官公署組織條例》，把“海南島、東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島及其他附屬島嶼”劃入海南特區(qū)。 | 31. In June 1949, the Chinese government promulgated Hai Nan Te Qu Xing Zheng Zhang Guan Gong Shu Zu Zhi Tiao Li (Regulations on the Organization of the Office of the Chief Executive of the Hainan Special District), which placed Hainan Dao, Dongsha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and some other islands under the jurisdiction of the Hainan Special District. |
| 32. 中華人民共和國1949年10月1日成立后，多次重申并采取立法、行政設(shè)治、外交交涉等措施進(jìn)一步維護(hù)對南海諸島的主權(quán)和在南海的相關(guān)權(quán)益。中國對南海諸島及相關(guān)海域的巡邏執(zhí)法、資源開發(fā)和科學(xué)考察等活動從未中斷過。 | 32. Since its founding on 1 October 1949, the People's Republic of China has repeatedly reiterated and further upheld its sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South China Sea by measures such as adopting legislations, establishing administration and making diplomatic representations. China has never ceased carrying out activities such as patrolling and law enforcement, resources development and scientific survey on Nanhai Zhudao and in the South China Sea. |
| 33. 1951年8月，中國外交部長周恩來發(fā)表《關(guān)于美英對日和約草案及舊金山會議的聲明》指出，“西沙群島和南威島正如整個南沙群島及中沙群島、東沙群島一樣，向?yàn)橹袊I(lǐng)土，在日本帝國主義發(fā)動侵略戰(zhàn)爭時雖曾一度淪陷，但日本投降后已為當(dāng)時中國政府全部接收”，“中華人民共和國在南威島和西沙群島之不可侵犯的主權(quán)，不論美英對日和約草案有無規(guī)定及如何規(guī)定，均不受任何影響”。 | 33. In August 1951, Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai, in his Statement on the United States-British Draft Peace Treaty with Japan and the San Francisco Conference, pointed out that "as a matter of fact, just like all the Nan Sha Islands, Chung Sha Islands and Tung Sha Islands, Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) and Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) have always been China's territory, occupied by Japan for some time during the war of aggression waged by Japanese imperialism, they were all taken over by the then Chinese Government, following Japan's surrender", "Whether or not the United States-British Draft Treaty contains provisions on this subject and no matter how these provisions are worded, the inviolable sovereignty of the People's Republic of China over Nan Wei Island (Spratly Island) and Si Sha Islands (the Paracel Islands) will not be in any way affected." |
| 34. 1958年9月，中國發(fā)布《中華人民共和國政府關(guān)于領(lǐng)海的聲明》，明確規(guī)定中國領(lǐng)海寬度為12海里，采用直線基線方法劃定領(lǐng)海基線，上述規(guī)定適用于中華人民共和國的一切領(lǐng)土，包括“東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島以及其他屬于中國的島嶼”。 | 34. In September 1958, China promulgated the Declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China on China's Territorial Sea, explicitly providing that the breadth of China's territorial sea shall be twelve nautical miles, that the straight baselines method shall be employed to determine the baselines of territorial sea and that such provisions shall apply to all territories of the People's Republic of China, including "Dongsha Qundao, Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and all the other islands belonging to China". |
| 35. 1959年3月，中國政府在西沙群島的永興島設(shè)立“西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島辦事處”；1969年3月，該“辦事處”改稱“廣東省西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島革命委員會”；1981年10月，恢復(fù)“西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島辦事處”的稱謂。 | 35. In March 1959, the Chinese government set up, on Yongxing Dao of Xisha Qundao, the Office of Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao. In March 1969, the Office was renamed the Revolutionary Committee of Xisha Qundao, Zhongsha Qundao and Nansha Qundao of Guangdong Province. In October 1981, the name of the Office of Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao was restored. |
| 36. 1983年4月，中國地名委員會受權(quán)公布南海諸島部分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地名，總計(jì)287個。 | 36. In April 1983, China Committee on Geographical Names was authorized to publish 287 standard geographical names for part of Nanhai Zhudao. |
| 37. 1984年5月，第六屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議決定設(shè)立海南行政區(qū)，管轄范圍包括西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島的島礁及其海域。 | 37. In May 1984, the Sixth National People's Congress decided at its Second Session to establish the Hainan Administrative District with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant maritime areas, among others. |
| 38. 1988年4月，第七屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議決定設(shè)立海南省，管轄范圍包括西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島的島礁及其海域。 | 38. In April 1988, the Seventh National People's Congress decided at its First Session to establish Hainan Province with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant maritime areas, among others. |
| 39. 1992年2月，中國頒布《中華人民共和國領(lǐng)海及毗連區(qū)法》，確立了中國領(lǐng)海和毗連區(qū)的基本法律制度，并明確規(guī)定：“中華人民共和國的陸地領(lǐng)土包括……東沙群島、西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島以及其他一切屬于中華人民共和國的島嶼”。1996年5月，第八屆全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會第十九次會議決定，批準(zhǔn)《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》，同時聲明“中華人民共和國重申對1992年2月25日頒布的《中華人民共和國領(lǐng)海及毗連區(qū)法》第2條所列各群島及島嶼的主權(quán)?！?/td> | 39. In February 1992, China promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, establishing China's basic system of territorial sea and contiguous zone. This Law explicitly states: "The land territory of the People's Republic of China includes […] Dongsha Qundao; Xisha Qundao; Zhongsha Qundao; Nansha Qundao; as well as all the other islands belonging to the People's Republic of China." In May 1996, the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress made the decision at its Nineteenth Session to ratify UNCLOS, and at the same time declared that, "The People's Republic of China reaffirms its sovereignty over all its archipelagoes and islands as listed in Article 2 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone which was promulgated on 25 February 1992." |
| 40. 1996年5月，中國政府宣布中國大陸沿海由山東高角至海南島峻壁角49個領(lǐng)海基點(diǎn)和由直線相連的領(lǐng)?；€，以及西沙群島28個領(lǐng)?；c(diǎn)和由直線相連的基線，并宣布將另行公布其余領(lǐng)?；€。 | 40. In May 1996, the Chinese government announced the baselines of the part of the territorial sea adjacent to the mainland which are composed of all the straight lines joining the 49 adjacent base points from Gaojiao of Shandong to Junbijiao of Hainan Dao, as well as the baselines of the territorial sea adjacent to Xisha Qundao which are composed of all the straight lines joining the 28 adjacent base points, and declared it would announce the remaining baselines of the territorial sea at another time. |
| 41. 1998年6月，中國頒布《中華人民共和國專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和大陸架法》，確立了中國專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和大陸架的基本法律制度，并明確規(guī)定：“本法的規(guī)定不影響中華人民共和國享有的歷史性權(quán)利”。 | 41. In June 1998, China promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf, establishing China's basic system of exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. This Law explicitly states: "The provisions in this Law shall not affect the historic rights that the People's Republic of China enjoys." |
| 42. 2012年6月，國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)撤銷海南省西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島辦事處，設(shè)立地級三沙市，管轄西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島的島礁及其海域。 | 42. In June 2012, the State Council approved the abolition of the Office of Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the simultaneous establishment of prefecture-level Sansha City with jurisdiction over Xisha Qundao, Nansha Qundao and Zhongsha Qundao and the relevant waters. |
| 43. 中國高度重視南海生態(tài)和漁業(yè)資源保護(hù)。自1999年起，中國實(shí)施南海伏季休漁制度。截至2015年底，中國在南海共建成國家級水生生物自然保護(hù)區(qū)6處，省級水生生物自然保護(hù)區(qū)6處，總面積達(dá)269萬公頃；國家級水產(chǎn)種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)區(qū)7處，總面積達(dá)128萬公頃。 | 43. China attaches great importance to ecological and fishery resource preservation in the South China Sea. In 1999, China began to enforce summer fishing moratorium in the South China Sea and has done so since that time. By the end of 2015, China had established six national aquatic biological nature reserves and six such reserves at provincial level, covering a total area of 2.69 million hectares, as well as seven national aquatic germplasm resources conservation areas with a total area of 1.28 million hectares. |
| 44. 自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，中國臺灣當(dāng)局一直駐守在南沙群島太平島，設(shè)有民事服務(wù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，并對島上自然資源進(jìn)行開發(fā)利用。 | 44. Since the 1950s, the Taiwan authorities of China have maintained a military presence on Taiping Dao of Nansha Qundao. For a long time, they have also maintained civil service and administration bodies and carried out natural resources development on the island. |
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