《中國(guó)堅(jiān)持通過(guò)談判解決中國(guó)與菲律賓在南海的有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議》白皮書(shū)
White Paper: China Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea
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| 三、中菲已就解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議達(dá)成共識(shí) | III. China and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South China Sea |
| 73. 中國(guó)堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)對(duì)南海諸島的主權(quán)，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)菲律賓非法侵占中國(guó)島礁，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)菲律賓依據(jù)單方面主張?jiān)谥袊?guó)管轄海域采取侵權(quán)行為。同時(shí)，從維護(hù)南海和平穩(wěn)定出發(fā)，中國(guó)保持高度克制，堅(jiān)持和平解決中菲南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議，并為此作出不懈努力。中國(guó)就管控海上分歧以及推動(dòng)海上務(wù)實(shí)合作等與菲律賓進(jìn)行多次磋商，雙方就通過(guò)談判解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議，妥善管控有關(guān)分歧達(dá)成重要共識(shí)。 | 73. China firmly upholds its sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao, resolutely opposes the Philippines' invasion and illegal occupation of China's islands and reefs, and resolutely opposes the unilateral acts taken by the Philippines on the pretext of enforcing its own claims to infringe China's rights and interests in waters under China's jurisdiction. Still, in the interest of sustaining peace and stability in the South China Sea, China has exercised great restraint, stayed committed to peacefully settling the disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea, and made tireless efforts to this end. China has conducted consultations with the Philippines on managing maritime differences and promoting practical maritime cooperation, and the two sides have reached important consensus on settling through negotiation relevant disputes in the South China Sea and properly managing relevant disputes. |
| （一）通過(guò)談判解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議是中菲共識(shí)和承諾 | i. It is the consensus and commitment of China and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the South China Sea |
| 74. 中國(guó)一貫致力于在相互尊重主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉內(nèi)政、平等互利、和平共處五項(xiàng)原則基礎(chǔ)上與各國(guó)發(fā)展友好關(guān)系。 | 74. China has dedicated itself to fostering friendly relations with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, namely, mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. |
| 75. 1975年6月，中菲關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)正常化，兩國(guó)在有關(guān)公報(bào)中明確指出，兩國(guó)政府同意不訴諸武力，不以武力相威脅，和平解決所有爭(zhēng)端。 | 75. In June 1975, China and the Philippines normalized their relations, and in the joint communiqué for that purpose, the two governments agreed to settle all disputes by peaceful means without resorting to the threat or use of force. |
| 76. 實(shí)際上，中國(guó)在解決南海問(wèn)題上的“擱置爭(zhēng)議，共同開(kāi)發(fā)”倡議，首先是對(duì)菲律賓提出的。1986年6月，中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人鄧小平在會(huì)見(jiàn)菲律賓副總統(tǒng)薩爾瓦多·勞雷爾時(shí)，指出南沙群島屬于中國(guó)，同時(shí)針對(duì)有關(guān)分歧表示，“這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以先擱置一下，先放一放。過(guò)幾年后，我們坐下來(lái)，平心靜氣地商討一個(gè)可為各方接受的方式。我們不會(huì)讓這個(gè)問(wèn)題妨礙與菲律賓和其他國(guó)家的友好關(guān)系”。1988年4月，鄧小平在會(huì)見(jiàn)菲律賓總統(tǒng)科拉松·阿基諾時(shí)重申“對(duì)南沙群島問(wèn)題，中國(guó)最有發(fā)言權(quán)。南沙歷史上就是中國(guó)領(lǐng)土，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，國(guó)際上對(duì)此無(wú)異議”；“從兩國(guó)友好關(guān)系出發(fā)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題可先擱置一下，采取共同開(kāi)發(fā)的辦法”。此后，中國(guó)在處理南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議及同南海周邊國(guó)家發(fā)展雙邊關(guān)系問(wèn)題上，一直貫徹了鄧小平關(guān)于“主權(quán)屬我，擱置爭(zhēng)議，共同開(kāi)發(fā)”的思想。 | 76. In fact, China's initiative of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes" regarding the South China Sea issue was first addressed to the Philippines. In a June 1986 meeting with Philippine Vice President Salvador Laurel, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping pointed out that Nansha Qundao belongs to China, and when referring to the matter of differences, stated that, "This issue can be shelved for now. Several years later, we can sit down and work out a solution that is acceptable to all in a calm manner. We shall not let this issue stand in the way of our friendly relations with the Philippines and with other countries." In April 1988, when meeting with Philippine President Corazón Aquino, Deng Xiaoping reiterated that "with regard to the issue concerning Nansha Qundao, China has the biggest say. Nansha Qundao has been part of China's territory throughout history, and no one has ever expressed objection to this for quite some time"; and "For the sake of the friendship between our two countries, we can shelve the issue for now and pursue joint development". Since then, when handling the relevant South China Sea issue and developing bilateral ties with other littoral countries around the South China Sea, China has all along acted in keeping with Deng Xiaoping's idea: "sovereignty belongs to China, disputes can be shelved, and we can pursue joint development". |
| 77. 20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，中國(guó)就通過(guò)談判管控和解決中菲南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議提出一系列主張和倡議，多次重申對(duì)南沙群島的主權(quán)、和平解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的立場(chǎng)和“擱置爭(zhēng)議，共同開(kāi)發(fā)”的倡議，明確表示反對(duì)外部勢(shì)力介入，反對(duì)南海問(wèn)題國(guó)際化，強(qiáng)調(diào)不應(yīng)使?fàn)幾h影響兩國(guó)關(guān)系的發(fā)展。 | 77. Since the 1980s, China has put forward a series of proposals and initiatives for managing and settling through negotiation disputes with the Philippines in the South China Sea and reiterated repeatedly its sovereignty over Nansha Qundao, its position on peacefully settling the relevant disputes and its initiative of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes". China has expressed its clear opposition to intervention by outside forces and attempts to multilateralize the South China Sea issue and emphasized that the relevant disputes should not affect bilateral relations. |
| 78. 1992年7月，在馬尼拉舉行的第25屆東盟外長(zhǎng)會(huì)議發(fā)表《東盟關(guān)于南海問(wèn)題的宣言》。中國(guó)表示，贊賞這一宣言所闡述的相關(guān)原則。中國(guó)一貫主張通過(guò)談判和平解決南沙群島部分島礁有關(guān)領(lǐng)土問(wèn)題，反對(duì)訴諸武力，愿在條件成熟時(shí)同有關(guān)國(guó)家談判“擱置爭(zhēng)議，共同開(kāi)發(fā)”。 | 78. In July 1992, the 25th ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting held in Manila adopted the ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea. China expressed appreciation for relevant principles outlined in that Declaration. China stated that it has all along stood for peacefully settling through negotiation the territorial issues relating to part of Nansha Qundao and opposed the use of force, and is ready to enter into negotiation with countries concerned on implementing the principle of "pursuing joint development while shelving disputes" when conditions are ripe. |
| 79. 1995年8月，中菲共同發(fā)表的《中華人民共和國(guó)和菲律賓共和國(guó)關(guān)于南海問(wèn)題和其他領(lǐng)域合作的磋商聯(lián)合聲明》表示，“爭(zhēng)議應(yīng)由直接有關(guān)國(guó)家解決”；“雙方承諾循序漸進(jìn)地進(jìn)行合作，最終談判解決雙方爭(zhēng)議”。此后，中國(guó)和菲律賓通過(guò)一系列雙邊文件確認(rèn)通過(guò)雙邊談判協(xié)商解決南海問(wèn)題的有關(guān)共識(shí)，例如：1999年3月《中菲建立信任措施工作小組會(huì)議聯(lián)合公報(bào)》、2000年5月《中華人民共和國(guó)政府和菲律賓共和國(guó)政府關(guān)于21世紀(jì)雙邊合作框架的聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | 79. In August 1995, China and the Philippines issued the Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines concerning Consultations on the South China Sea and on Other Areas of Cooperation in which they agreed that "[d]isputes shall be settled by the countries directly concerned" and that "a gradual and progressive process of cooperation shall be adopted with a view to eventually negotiating a settlement of the bilateral disputes." Subsequently, China and the Philippines reaffirmed their consensus on settling the South China Sea issue through bilateral negotiation and consultation in a number of bilateral documents, such as the March 1999 Joint Statement of the China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures and the May 2000 Joint Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Framework of Bilateral Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century. |
| 80. 2002年11月，中國(guó)同東盟10國(guó)共同簽署《宣言》。各方在《宣言》中鄭重承諾：“根據(jù)公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法原則，包括1982年《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》，由直接有關(guān)的主權(quán)國(guó)家通過(guò)友好磋商和談判，以和平方式解決它們的領(lǐng)土和管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議，而不訴諸武力或以武力相威脅。” | 80. In November 2002, China and the ten ASEAN Member States signed the DOC in which the parties solemnly "undertake to resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, without resorting to the threat or use of force, through friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign states directly concerned, in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea". |
| 81. 此后，中菲通過(guò)一系列雙邊文件確認(rèn)各自在《宣言》中作出的鄭重承諾，例如：2004年9月《中華人民共和國(guó)政府和菲律賓共和國(guó)政府聯(lián)合新聞公報(bào)》、2011年9月《中華人民共和國(guó)和菲律賓共和國(guó)聯(lián)合聲明》等。 | 81. Afterwards, China and the Philippines reaffirmed this solemn commitment they had made in the DOC in a number of bilateral documents, such as the September 2004 Joint Press Statement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the September 2011 Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines. |
| 82. 上述中菲兩國(guó)各項(xiàng)雙邊文件以及《宣言》的相關(guān)規(guī)定，體現(xiàn)了中菲就解決南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議達(dá)成的以下共識(shí)和承諾：一是有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議應(yīng)在直接有關(guān)的主權(quán)國(guó)家之間解決；二是有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議應(yīng)在平等和相互尊重基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)談判協(xié)商和平解決；三是直接有關(guān)的主權(quán)國(guó)家根據(jù)公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法原則，包括1982年《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》，“最終談判解決雙方爭(zhēng)議”。 | 82. The relevant provisions in all the aforementioned bilateral instruments and the DOC embody the following consensus and commitment between China and the Philippines on settling the relevant disputes in the South China Sea: first, the relevant disputes shall be settled between sovereign states directly concerned; second, the relevant disputes shall be peacefully settled through negotiation and consultation on the basis of equality and mutual respect; and third, sovereign states directly concerned shall "eventually negotiat[e] a settlement of the bilateral disputes" in accordance with universally recognized principles of international law, including the 1982 UNCLOS. |
| 83. 中菲雙方多次重申通過(guò)談判解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議，并多次強(qiáng)調(diào)有關(guān)談判應(yīng)由直接有關(guān)的主權(quán)國(guó)家開(kāi)展，上述規(guī)定顯然已產(chǎn)生排除任何第三方爭(zhēng)端解決方式的效果。特別是1995年的聯(lián)合聲明規(guī)定“最終談判解決雙方爭(zhēng)議”，這里的“最終”一詞明顯是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“談判”是雙方已選擇的唯一爭(zhēng)端解決方式，并排除包括第三方爭(zhēng)端解決程序在內(nèi)的任何其他方式。上述共識(shí)和承諾構(gòu)成兩國(guó)間排除通過(guò)第三方爭(zhēng)端解決方式解決中菲南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的協(xié)議。這一協(xié)議必須遵守。 | 83. By repeatedly reaffirming negotiations as the means for settling relevant disputes, and by repeatedly emphasizing that negotiations be conducted by sovereign states directly concerned, the above-mentioned provisions obviously have produced the effect of excluding any means of third party settlement. In particular, the 1995 Joint Statement provides for "eventually negotiating a settlement of the bilateral disputes". The term "eventually" in this context clearly serves to emphasize that "negotiations" is the only means the parties have chosen for dispute settlement, to the exclusion of any other means including third party settlement procedures. The above consensus and commitment constitutes an agreement between the two states excluding third-party dispute settlement as a way to settle relevant disputes in the South China Sea between China and the Philippines. This agreement must be observed. |
| （二）妥善管控南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議是中菲之間的共識(shí) | ii. It is the consensus of China and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South China Sea |
| 84. 中國(guó)一貫主張，各方應(yīng)通過(guò)制定規(guī)則、完善機(jī)制、務(wù)實(shí)合作、共同開(kāi)發(fā)等方式管控爭(zhēng)議，為南海有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議的最終解決創(chuàng)造良好氛圍。 | 84. It is China's consistent position that, the relevant parties should establish and improve rules and mechanisms, and pursue practical cooperation and joint development, so as to manage disputes in the South China Sea, and to foster a good atmosphere for their final resolution. |
| 85. 自20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái)，中菲就管控爭(zhēng)議達(dá)成一系列共識(shí)：一是在有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題上保持克制，不采取可能導(dǎo)致事態(tài)擴(kuò)大化的行動(dòng)；二是堅(jiān)持通過(guò)雙邊磋商機(jī)制管控爭(zhēng)議；三是堅(jiān)持推動(dòng)海上務(wù)實(shí)合作和共同開(kāi)發(fā)；四是不使有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議影響雙邊關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展和南海地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。 | 85. Since the 1990s, China and the Philippines have reached the following consensus on managing their disputes: first, they will exercise restraint in handling relevant disputes and refrain from taking actions that may lead to an escalation; second, they will stay committed to managing disputes through bilateral consultation mechanisms; third, they commit themselves to pursuing practical maritime cooperation and joint development; and fourth, the relevant disputes should not affect the healthy growth of bilateral relations and peace and stability in the South China Sea region. |
| 86. 中菲還在《宣言》中達(dá)成如下共識(shí)：保持自我克制，不采取使?fàn)幾h復(fù)雜化、擴(kuò)大化和影響和平與穩(wěn)定的行動(dòng)；在和平解決領(lǐng)土和管轄權(quán)爭(zhēng)議前，本著合作與諒解的精神，努力尋求各種途徑建立互信；探討或開(kāi)展在海洋環(huán)保、海洋科學(xué)研究、海上航行和交通安全、搜尋與救助、打擊跨國(guó)犯罪等方面的合作。 | 86. In the DOC, China and the Philippines also reached the following consensus: to exercise self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would complicate or escalate disputes and affect peace and stability; to intensify efforts, pending the peaceful settlement of territorial and jurisdictional disputes, to seek ways, in the spirit of cooperation and understanding, to build trust and confidence; and to explore or undertake cooperative activities including marine environmental protection, marine scientific research, safety of navigation and communication at sea, search and rescue operation and combating transnational crime. |
| 87. 中菲曾就管控分歧、開(kāi)展海上務(wù)實(shí)合作取得積極進(jìn)展。 | 87. China and the Philippines have made some progress in managing their differences and conducting practical maritime cooperation. |
| 88. 1999年3月，中國(guó)和菲律賓舉行關(guān)于在南海建立信任措施工作小組首次會(huì)議，雙方發(fā)表的《中菲建立信任措施工作小組會(huì)議聯(lián)合公報(bào)》指出，“雙方承諾根據(jù)廣泛接受的國(guó)際法原則包括聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約，通過(guò)協(xié)商和平解決爭(zhēng)議，……雙方同意保持克制，不采取可能導(dǎo)致事態(tài)擴(kuò)大化的行動(dòng)?！?/td> | 88. During the first China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures held in March 1999, the two sides issued a joint statement, pointing out that, "the two sides agreed that the dispute should be peacefully settled through consultation in accordance with the generally-accepted principles of international law including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, [... and to] exercise self-restraint and not to take actions that might escalate the situation." |
| 89. 2001年4月，中菲發(fā)表的《第三次建立信任措施專家組會(huì)議聯(lián)合新聞聲明》指出，“雙方認(rèn)識(shí)到兩國(guó)就探討南海合作方式所建立的雙邊磋商機(jī)制是富有成效的，雙方所達(dá)成的一系列諒解與共識(shí)對(duì)維護(hù)中菲關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展和南海地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用?！?/td> | 89. In the Joint Press Statement of the Third China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures released in April 2001, it is stated that, "the two sides noted that the bilateral consultation mechanism to explore ways of cooperation in the South China Sea has been effective. The series of understanding and consensus reached by the two sides have played a constructive role in the maintenance of the sound development of China-Philippines relations and peace and stability of the South China Sea area." |
| 90. 2004年9月，在中國(guó)和菲律賓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共同見(jiàn)證下，中國(guó)海洋石油總公司和菲律賓國(guó)家石油公司簽署《南中國(guó)海部分海域聯(lián)合海洋地震工作協(xié)議》。經(jīng)中菲雙方同意，2005年3月，中國(guó)、菲律賓、越南三國(guó)國(guó)家石油公司簽署《南中國(guó)海協(xié)議區(qū)三方聯(lián)合海洋地震工作協(xié)議》，商定三國(guó)的石油公司在三年協(xié)議期內(nèi)，在約14.3萬(wàn)平方千米海域的協(xié)議區(qū)內(nèi)完成一定數(shù)量的二維和/或三維地震測(cè)線的采集和處理工作，對(duì)一定數(shù)量現(xiàn)有的二維地震測(cè)線進(jìn)行再處理，研究評(píng)估協(xié)議區(qū)的石油資源狀況。2007年《中華人民共和國(guó)和菲律賓共和國(guó)聯(lián)合聲明》表示，“雙方認(rèn)為，南海三方聯(lián)合海洋地震工作可以成為本地區(qū)合作的一個(gè)示范。雙方同意，可以探討將下一階段的三方合作提升到更高水平，以加強(qiáng)本地區(qū)建立互信的良好勢(shì)頭。” | 90. In September 2004, in the presence of the leaders of China and the Philippines, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) signed the Agreement for Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking in Certain Areas in the South China Sea. In March 2005, national oil companies from China, the Philippines and Vietnam signed, with the consent of both China and the Philippines, the Tripartite Agreement for Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking in the Agreement Area in the South China Sea. It was agreed that during an agreement term of three year-period, these oil companies should collect and process certain amount of 2D and/or 3D seismic lines in the agreement area covering about 143,000 square kilometers, re-process certain amount of existing 2D seismic lines, and study and assess the oil resources in the area. The 2007 Joint Statement of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of the Philippines states that, "both sides agree that the tripartite joint marine seismic undertaking in the South China Sea serves as a model for cooperation in the region. They agreed that possible next steps for cooperation among the three parties should be explored to bring collaboration to a higher level and increase the momentum of trust and confidence in the region." |
| 91. 令人遺憾的是，由于菲律賓方面缺乏合作意愿，中菲信任措施工作小組會(huì)議陷于停滯，中菲越三方聯(lián)合海洋地震考察工作也未能繼續(xù)。 | 91. Regrettably, due to the lack of willingness for cooperation from the Philippine side, the China-Philippines Experts Group Meeting on Confidence-Building Measures has stalled, and the China-Philippines-Vietnam tripartite marine seismic undertaking has failed to move forward. |
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