亚洲人成网站18禁止中文字幕,国产毛片视频在线看,韩国18禁无码免费网站,国产一级无码视频,偷拍精品视频一区二区三区,国产亚洲成年网址在线观看,国产一区av在线

 

換一種語言讀金庸(十二)

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail 中國(guó)網(wǎng) 2018-10-22
調(diào)整字號(hào)大小:

作者:王曉輝

法國(guó)博物學(xué)家Buffon說過:Le style, c'est I'homme,譯成英文就是Style is the man,也就是中國(guó)人常說的“文如其人”。越是風(fēng)格鮮明的作家,作品中越會(huì)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人色彩。莊子的孤傲,屈原的哀感,杜甫的沉郁,李白的飄逸,都可以從“文如其人”這四個(gè)字中找到答案,金庸也不例外。

金庸風(fēng)趣幽默,熱衷美食,喜歡圍棋,善打麻將,這些性格特點(diǎn)和愛好在他的作品中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。《天龍八部》中的珍瓏棋局,《射雕》中黃蓉為洪七公烹制的美食,《鹿鼎記》中韋小寶給東海小島取名“通吃島”,都說明金庸是個(gè)中高手。

《鹿鼎記》第四十六回,韋小寶奉康熙皇帝之命,與水師提督施朗率船隊(duì)攻打神龍島,施朗拍韋小寶的馬屁,請(qǐng)他給即將安營(yíng)扎寨的小島取個(gè)名字。聰明好賭的韋小寶稍加思索,就想出了“通吃島”這個(gè)又滑稽又吉利的名字:

“要我取名字,那可是要了我的老命了。嗯,這次我坐莊,你是我下手的拆角,咱們推牌九,總得把神龍島吃個(gè)一干二凈不可。這小島就叫通吃島吧?!弊x到這里,我仿佛透過韋小寶看到了背后金庸那頑童一般得意的笑臉。

閔福德(John Minford)的英譯:

'That is the island where you are to make camp, Colonel. The place has no name as yet; I thought perhaps you might like to give it one.' Trinket scratched his head.

'I've never been much good at things like names. In fact I am not much good with words at all. Let's think though. What am I any good at? Cards? All right. Suppose we are playing a game of cards, I am the dealer, you're the fellow to my left, I win, I clean you out... I know! That's it! The main object of our "game" is to wipe out those Dragons, to make a clean sweep of Snake Island. Why not call this place Sweep Island? No, that's not good... Well, what about food? I like food. Suppose that is a meal. After all, war is a bit like a meal. Then, the whole object of the exercise is to eat the Dragons! We'll swallow them whole! Just much up whatever comes our way. Take pot luck -- that's it! Let's call it Potluck Island. Not bad! Don't you think?'

對(duì)比原文和英譯,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)英譯比原文內(nèi)容多了很多,閔福德(John Minford)幾乎是按照原文的邏輯重寫了一遍。這是為什么呢?原因就在于中文里不論是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還是麻將或者是圍棋,都說吃掉對(duì)方,如吃掉敵人一個(gè)團(tuán),吃掉對(duì)手一條大龍等等,因此很自然就過渡到“通吃”。而英文則不然,無法由推牌九直接聯(lián)系到“通吃”,所以閔福德不得不用韋小寶的口吻加了幾句,真地說到了“吃”,這才勉強(qiáng)過渡到“通吃”:“吃飯嘛,我倒是喜歡。假如這是一個(gè)宴席,對(duì)了,其實(shí)打仗就跟吃宴席一樣,我們出兵的目的就是滅了神龍島,就像是吃百樂宴,遇上什么吃什么,一口吃掉!哎,就叫‘通吃島’好了!”

閔福徳費(fèi)盡心思,幾經(jīng)周折和鋪墊,才將這“通吃”二字譯為potluck。Potluck 是一種松散的聚餐形式,也叫百樂宴,參與者自帶食物,眾人分享,可以將每個(gè)人帶來的飯菜都品一遍,也算得上“通吃”。這個(gè)選擇也很符合韋小寶呼朋引類好賭成性的性格特征,真是難為閔福德了。說到底,還是中國(guó)人把一個(gè)“吃”字用得太廣泛,太活泛,太出神入化了,幾乎所有的事情都能與吃聯(lián)系起來:下功夫叫吃苦,受重視叫吃香,人緣好叫吃得開,被拒絕叫吃閉門羹,受連累叫吃瓜落,靠女人過日子叫吃軟飯,占女人便宜叫吃豆腐,凡此種種,不一而足。翻譯中遇到此類情況,只能意譯,或增譯(如上例),或省譯,總之,千萬不可硬譯。閔福德教授數(shù)十年的翻譯生涯,積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在語言轉(zhuǎn)換的處理方法上,很值得我們學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒。

再看另一個(gè)例子。還是《鹿鼎記》,第二回中,韋小寶初遇草莽英雄茅十八:

那人微微一笑,說道:“你即當(dāng)我做朋友,我便不能瞞你,我姓茅,茅草的茅,不是毛毛蟲的毛,排行第十八。茅十八便是我了。”

閔福德英譯:

The man smiled. 'Since you have treated me as a friend, I will not tell you a lie. My family name is Mao, and as I am the eighteenth of that name in my generation, I am often called Eighteen. But people usually call me Whiskers.'

這里最具中國(guó)特色的就是“茅草的茅,不是毛毛蟲的毛”這一句,只有懂中文的人才知道這是同音字的借用,如果一定要翻譯,可能要花上好幾句,外國(guó)讀者還是未必能懂。

韋小寶得知眼前的茅十八是個(gè)官府通緝的江洋大盜,心中頓生惺惺相惜之感:

“怕什么?江洋大盜又打什么緊?《水滸傳》上林沖、武松那些英雄好漢,也都是江洋大盜?!?/p>

閔福德英譯:

‘So what if you are a Notorious Brigand. So were the Outlaws of the Marsh -- and they are my heroes!'

閔福德省略了林沖和武松的翻譯,使英文更加明白曉暢。其實(shí),即便把這兩個(gè)名字翻譯出來,對(duì)外國(guó)讀者來說也沒有什么實(shí)際意義,反倒成了一碗白米飯中的兩顆沙子,影響他們的理解。如果還要解釋清楚這兩個(gè)人是誰,不僅需要篇幅,更有可能會(huì)節(jié)外生枝,糾纏不清。

一個(gè)出色的翻譯,不僅要有語言和文化的修為,還要善于取舍,懂得增減,這樣,才能使翻譯忠實(shí)原文,圓潤(rùn)通暢,渾然一體。

我在上一篇文章中提到了《紅樓夢(mèng)》第四十一回,妙玉給賈母獻(xiàn)茶,所用的茶具是一個(gè)“海棠花式雕漆填金云龍獻(xiàn)壽的小茶盤,里面放了一個(gè)成窯五彩小蓋鐘”。有好學(xué)的朋友看到并電話詳詢?nèi)绾畏g成英文。區(qū)區(qū)在下,哪里有這個(gè)本事?其實(shí),有霍克斯(David Hawks)、楊憲益和戴乃迭的譯文擺在那里,我們只要膜拜、欣賞和學(xué)習(xí)就足夠了。

霍克斯譯文:

It was a cinque-lobed lacquer tea-tray decorated with a gold-infilled engraving of a cloud dragon coiled round the character for 'longevity'. On it stood a little covered tea-cup of Cheng Hua enameled porcelain. 

楊憲益譯文:

Pao-yu watched the proceedings carefully. He saw Miaoyu bring out in her own hands a carved lacquer tea-tray in the shape of crab-apple blossom, inlaid with a golden design of the "cloud dragon offering longevity." On this was a covered gilded polychrome bowl made in the Cheng Hua period, which she offered to the Lady Dowager.

兩位翻譯大師選用詞匯不同,但都非常準(zhǔn)確的描述了妙玉手中的這套茶具——海棠花式雕漆填金云龍獻(xiàn)壽的小茶盤,里面放了一個(gè)成窯五彩小蓋鐘。如果說有差別,似乎霍克斯的翻譯更注重器物的形象,而楊憲益則更關(guān)注文化涵義。以“海棠花式”為例,對(duì)于中國(guó)人來說,海棠花有富貴長(zhǎng)壽的寓意,曹雪芹安排妙玉用這個(gè)茶盤給賈母敬茶應(yīng)該是有所考慮的,所以楊憲益將其譯為in the shape of crab-apple blossom,保留了海棠花文化涵義;而作為西方人的霍克斯則希望能夠更準(zhǔn)確地向外國(guó)讀者描述這個(gè)盤子到底是個(gè)什么樣子,所以他用cinque-lobed(五瓣梅的形狀)這一組合詞,更直觀,更具體。對(duì)“云龍獻(xiàn)壽”一詞的處理也能看出兩位譯者角度的不同?;艨怂姑鞔_地告訴讀者那是一條云中的龍?bào)粗粋€(gè)壽字(a cloud dragon coiled round the character of 'longevity'),而楊憲益的譯文則突出了“獻(xiàn)壽”的意思(inlaid with a golden design of the "cloud dragon offering longevity"),將“云龍獻(xiàn)壽”作為一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)式樣翻譯出來。

霍克斯與楊憲益都是翻譯界的泰斗,他們的譯文,如春蘭秋菊,各擅勝場(chǎng),不分伯仲,只是角度和側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同而已。作為后學(xué)晚輩,面對(duì)大師的作品,只能高山仰止。盡管仰得脖子發(fā)酸,偶爾能有所收獲,心中還是會(huì)漾起滿滿的幸福感。

分享到:

Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)

No comments.

Add your comments...

  • User Name Required
  • Your Comment
  • Enter the words you see:   
    Racist, abusive and off-topic comments may be removed by the moderator.
Send your storiesGet more from China.org.cnMobileMobileRSSRSSNewsletterNewsletter
    1. <ul id="556nl"><kbd id="556nl"><form id="556nl"></form></kbd></ul>
      <thead id="556nl"></thead>

      1. <em id="556nl"><tt id="556nl"></tt></em>
        <ul id="556nl"><kbd id="556nl"><form id="556nl"></form></kbd></ul>

        <ul id="556nl"><small id="556nl"></small></ul>
        1. <thead id="556nl"></thead>

          亚洲人成网站18禁止中文字幕,国产毛片视频在线看,韩国18禁无码免费网站,国产一级无码视频,偷拍精品视频一区二区三区,国产亚洲成年网址在线观看,国产一区av在线 人妻无码久久影视 日韩久久久久久久久久久久 精品国产香蕉伊思人在线 无码国产手机在线a√片无灬 91在线视频无码