各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

受?chē)?guó)務(wù)院委托，現(xiàn)將2018年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況與2019年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃草案提請(qǐng)十三屆全國(guó)人大二次會(huì)議審議，并請(qǐng)全國(guó)政協(xié)各位委員提出意見(jiàn)。

The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2018 plan and on the 2019 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Second Session of the 13th National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation. It also invites comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2018年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況

I. Implementation of the 2018 Plan for National Economic and Social Development

2018年，面對(duì)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)際環(huán)境和艱巨繁重的國(guó)內(nèi)改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定任務(wù)，在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，各地區(qū)各部門(mén)以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中全會(huì)精神，增強(qiáng)“四個(gè)意識(shí)”，堅(jiān)定“四個(gè)自信”，做到“兩個(gè)維護(hù)”，按照黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，貫徹新發(fā)展理念，落實(shí)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求，以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線(xiàn)，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行十三屆全國(guó)人大一次會(huì)議審議批準(zhǔn)的《政府工作報(bào)告》、2018年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃，落實(shí)全國(guó)人大財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)的審查意見(jiàn)、十三屆全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)第七次會(huì)議對(duì)“十三五”規(guī)劃《綱要》實(shí)施中期評(píng)估報(bào)告的審議意見(jiàn)等，大力推進(jìn)市場(chǎng)化改革、高水平開(kāi)放，大力推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系建設(shè)，堅(jiān)決打好防范化解重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、精準(zhǔn)脫貧、污染防治三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，有效應(yīng)對(duì)外部環(huán)境深刻變化，統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，著力做好穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期工作，經(jīng)濟(jì)保持總體平穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)較好完成，計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況總體良好。

In accordance with the decisions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we pursued coordinated implementation of the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy. We stayed committed to the underlying principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, followed the new development philosophy, fulfilled the requirement for high-quality development, and took supply-side structural reform as our main task. We implemented the Report on the Work of the Government and the 2018 Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the First Session of the 13th NPC, and adopted the suggestions from the review of the 2018 Plan by the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee, as well as those put forth at the 13th NPC Standing Committee's Seventh Session regarding the midterm assessment report on the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020). 

We focused on promoting market-oriented reforms and high-standard opening up, worked hard to develop a modernized economy, and delivered solid progress in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution. We responded effectively to major changes in the external environment, and took coordinated steps to achieve steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk. We worked to ensure stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. The economy maintained general stability and registered good progress, the main targets and tasks in economic and social development for the year were accomplished, and implementation of the 2018 Plan was successful overall.

（一）著力創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。更好發(fā)揮國(guó)家發(fā)展規(guī)劃的戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向作用，保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，堅(jiān)決不搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激，在區(qū)間調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)定向調(diào)控、精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控、相機(jī)調(diào)控，主動(dòng)預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)、強(qiáng)化政策協(xié)同、做好預(yù)期管理，穩(wěn)妥應(yīng)對(duì)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦，保持了經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。

1. We employed new and improved methods of macro regulation and ensured major economic indicators stayed within an appropriate range.

We gave better play to the guiding role of national development plans to ensure continuity and stability between macroeconomic policies. We refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we strengthened targeted, precision, and well-timed regulation on the basis of range-based regulation. We took proactive measures to carry out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, strengthened coordination between macroeconomic policies, and better managed expectations. We appropriately handled economic and trade friction between China and the US. With these efforts, we were able to maintain stable and sound economic development.

一是宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)較好完成。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到90.03萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)6.6%，符合預(yù)期目標(biāo)。實(shí)施更加積極的就業(yè)政策，建立完善穩(wěn)就業(yè)應(yīng)急機(jī)制，創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)帶動(dòng)就業(yè)的作用進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，全年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1361萬(wàn)人，全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率穩(wěn)定在5%左右的較低水平。加強(qiáng)價(jià)格監(jiān)測(cè)分析預(yù)警調(diào)控，做好市場(chǎng)保供穩(wěn)價(jià)工作，全年居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格溫和上漲2.1%。國(guó)際收支基本平衡，外匯儲(chǔ)備穩(wěn)定在3萬(wàn)億美元以上。

1) Macro-regulation targets were achieved.

China's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 90.03 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.6%, which was in line with the projected target. We implemented a more proactive employment policy, and established a sound emergency response mechanism to keep employment stable. More jobs were created through innovation and business startups. A total of 13.61 million urban jobs were added over the year, and the survey-based urban unemployment rate was kept at a relatively low level of about 5%. For prices we strengthened monitoring, analysis, early warning, and regulation, and ensured market supply and price levels remained stable. The consumer price index (CPI) registered a moderate rise of 2.1% for the year. A basic equilibrium was kept in the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves were stable at over US$ 3 trillion.

二是財(cái)政金融運(yùn)行基本平穩(wěn)。積極的財(cái)政政策聚力增效，減稅降費(fèi)力度進(jìn)一步加大，財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，有力保障民生等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域資金需求。全國(guó)一般公共預(yù)算收入18.34萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)6.2%；全國(guó)一般公共預(yù)算支出22.09萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)8.7%；財(cái)政赤字2.38萬(wàn)億元，與預(yù)算持平。穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策保持中性，通過(guò)差別化準(zhǔn)備金、差異化信貸等政策，引導(dǎo)資金更多投向民營(yíng)企業(yè)和小微企業(yè)等實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)。國(guó)家融資擔(dān)?；鹪O(shè)立運(yùn)作。年末廣義貨幣（M2）余額增長(zhǎng)8.1%。

2) Fiscal and financial indicators were stable.

We implemented a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and enhanced its performance. Further steps were taken to cut taxes and fees, and efforts to improve the composition of government spending continued, to ensure funding for major areas such as the improvement of living standards. Revenue in the general public budget was 18.34 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.2%; expenditure totaled 22.09 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; and the fiscal deficit was 2.38 trillion yuan, the same as the budgeted figure. In monetary policy, a prudent and neutral stance was maintained, and we used policies of differentiated reserve ratios and differentiated credit to guide more funding toward private enterprises and small and micro businesses in the real economy. The national financing guaranty fund was put into operation. At the end of 2018, growth in the balance of the M2 money supply was 8.1%.

三是投資補(bǔ)短板力度持續(xù)加大。充分發(fā)揮中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資對(duì)優(yōu)化供給結(jié)構(gòu)的引導(dǎo)帶動(dòng)作用，建立加大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域補(bǔ)短板力度協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)重大項(xiàng)目?jī)?chǔ)備，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃建設(shè)，鐵路營(yíng)業(yè)里程超過(guò)13.1萬(wàn)公里，其中高速鐵路超過(guò)2.9萬(wàn)公里；高速公路總里程達(dá)到14.3萬(wàn)公里。促進(jìn)民間投資持續(xù)健康發(fā)展，在鐵路、民航、油氣、電信等領(lǐng)域向民間資本推出一批有吸引力的項(xiàng)目，規(guī)范有序推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作（PPP）模式。固定資產(chǎn)投資（不含農(nóng)戶(hù)）增長(zhǎng)5.9%，其中民間投資增長(zhǎng)8.7%。投資結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，高技術(shù)制造業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)投資分別增長(zhǎng)16.1%和11.1%。

3) Investment in areas of weakness continued to increase.

We enabled investment from the central government budget to play a leading role in improving the supply structure. We established a mechanism to strengthen coordination in shoring up infrastructure weaknesses, added to the major project reserve, and coordinated the planning and construction of major infrastructure projects. The length of in-service railways exceeded 131,000 kilometers, including more than 29,000 kilometers of high-speed rail lines. The total length of expressways now stands at 143,000 kilometers. To encourage sustainable and healthy private investment, we rolled out a number of attractive projects in sectors like rail, civil aviation, oil and natural gas, and telecommunications, and the public-private partnership (PPP) model was extended to more areas in a well-regulated and orderly way. Total fixed-asset investment (excluding rural households) increased by 5.9%, which includes an 8.7% increase in private investment. There were continuous improvements in the composition of investment, with investment in high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing growing 16.1% and 11.1% respectively.

四是消費(fèi)提質(zhì)擴(kuò)容積極推進(jìn)。完善促進(jìn)消費(fèi)體制機(jī)制進(jìn)一步激發(fā)居民消費(fèi)潛力的若干意見(jiàn)和三年實(shí)施方案出臺(tái)實(shí)施，放心消費(fèi)創(chuàng)新活動(dòng)深入推進(jìn)，消費(fèi)環(huán)境持續(xù)優(yōu)化。降低藥品、汽車(chē)、日用消費(fèi)品等進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，調(diào)整完善新能源汽車(chē)推廣應(yīng)用財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼政策。加快提升新型信息產(chǎn)品供給體系質(zhì)量，信息消費(fèi)保持快速增長(zhǎng)。海南省建設(shè)國(guó)際旅游消費(fèi)中心的實(shí)施方案、促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展提質(zhì)升級(jí)行動(dòng)方案（2018年－2020年）印發(fā)實(shí)施，引導(dǎo)城鄉(xiāng)居民擴(kuò)大文化消費(fèi)試點(diǎn)工作持續(xù)推進(jìn)，上千家重點(diǎn)國(guó)有景區(qū)門(mén)票價(jià)格下降，全國(guó)家政培訓(xùn)提升行動(dòng)啟動(dòng)，相關(guān)領(lǐng)域消費(fèi)潛力進(jìn)一步釋放，全年社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額增長(zhǎng)9%。消費(fèi)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)拉動(dòng)作用增強(qiáng)，最終消費(fèi)支出貢獻(xiàn)率提高到76.2%。

4) Strong improvements in the quality and scale of consumption were achieved.

The Guidelines on Improving Consumption-Promoting Systems and Mechanisms to Unleash the Potential of Personal Consumption were implemented, along with a three-year action plan. The campaign to create a worry-free atmosphere for consumers yielded further progress and helped improve the consumption environment. We lowered import tariffs on medicines, automobiles, and some non-durable consumer goods, and improved government subsidy policies for promoting the use of new-energy vehicles (NEVs). We improved the supply system for new types of information products at a faster pace and maintained rapid growth in information consumption. We unveiled and put in motion the Implementation Plan on Making Hainan an International Hotspot for Tourism and Shopping and the Action Plan on Improving and Upgrading Rural Tourism (2018-2020). Trials to boost cultural consumption among urban and rural residents continued, over 1,000 key state tourist sites cut their ticket prices, and a national training program was launched in the domestic services sector, thus further unleashing the potential for consumption in relevant areas. Total annual retail sales of consumer goods rose 9%. With a contribution of 76.2% of growth, consumption is playing a much bigger role in driving the economy.

（二）供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革深入推進(jìn)，高質(zhì)量發(fā)展取得積極進(jìn)展。著力進(jìn)行推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的頂層設(shè)計(jì)，制定實(shí)施推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的意見(jiàn)，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的制度體系逐步建立。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，以“破、立、降”為主攻方向，持續(xù)改善供給結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)展質(zhì)量效益穩(wěn)步提升。

2. We steadily advanced supply-side structural reform and made strong progress toward high-quality development.

We focused on top-level planning to promote high-quality development. We implemented the Guidelines on Promoting High-Quality Development, and took gradual steps toward establishing an institutional system for high-quality development. We continued to make solid progress in supply-side structural reform. With the focus on cutting ineffective supply, fostering new growth drivers, and reducing costs in the real economy, we saw yet further improvements in the composition of supply and sustained increases in the quality and efficiency of development.

一是去產(chǎn)能工作扎實(shí)開(kāi)展。結(jié)構(gòu)性去產(chǎn)能、系統(tǒng)性?xún)?yōu)產(chǎn)能持續(xù)推進(jìn)，壓減粗鋼產(chǎn)能3500萬(wàn)噸以上、退出煤炭落后產(chǎn)能2.7億噸，均提前兩年完成“十三五”目標(biāo)任務(wù)，一大批“散亂污”企業(yè)出清，工業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率處在較高水平。進(jìn)一步做好“僵尸企業(yè)”及去產(chǎn)能企業(yè)債務(wù)處置工作，穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)去產(chǎn)能職工安置，轉(zhuǎn)崗再就業(yè)工作平穩(wěn)有序進(jìn)行。

1) Solid progress was achieved in cutting overcapacity.

Our efforts to cut overcapacity through structural adjustments and improvements continued. We cut production capacity by over 35 million metric tons of crude steel and 270 million metric tons of coal, thus achieving the targets for steel and coal overcapacity cuts in the 13th Five-Year Plan two years ahead of schedule. A large number of small, poorly-managed, and heavily-polluting enterprises were closed down, and a relatively high rate of industrial capacity utilization was maintained. Further progress was made in handling the debts of "zombie enterprises" and enterprises with excess capacity, and proper steps were taken to help workers displaced due to overcapacity cuts, ensuring they were resettled to new positions or found new employment in a smooth and orderly fashion.

二是振興實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)邁出新步伐。制造強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)持續(xù)推進(jìn)，工業(yè)增加值突破30萬(wàn)億元。促進(jìn)首臺(tái)（套）重大技術(shù)裝備示范應(yīng)用的意見(jiàn)印發(fā)實(shí)施，關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)加快開(kāi)展。增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2018－2020年）、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2018－2020年）深入實(shí)施，推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合，推進(jìn)工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+智能制造集成應(yīng)用示范，軌道交通、高端醫(yī)療器械、工業(yè)機(jī)器人等制造業(yè)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域關(guān)鍵技術(shù)加快突破并實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)化。新一輪技術(shù)改造升級(jí)工程組織實(shí)施，高端裝備、智能制造、新材料等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域技術(shù)改造加快推進(jìn)。質(zhì)量強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略深入實(shí)施，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)質(zhì)量品牌建設(shè)持續(xù)加強(qiáng)。國(guó)家物流樞紐布局和建設(shè)規(guī)劃印發(fā)實(shí)施。服務(wù)業(yè)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展大綱深入落實(shí)，服務(wù)質(zhì)量提升專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)加快推進(jìn)，服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點(diǎn)深入開(kāi)展。

2) New strides were taken in revitalizing the real economy.

As progress continued in building China into a manufacturer of quality, the total value-added of industry broke the 30-trillion-yuan mark. We promulgated the Guidelines on Promoting the Demonstration and Application of Newly-Developed Major Technological Equipment, and stepped up efforts to make breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies. We moved forward with the implementation of the Three-Year Action Plan on Enhancing Core Competitiveness in the Manufacturing Sector (2018-2020) and the Action Plan on Developing the Industrial Internet (2018-2020). We promoted the in-depth integration of the internet, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) into the real economy, and carried out demonstration projects for integrated applications of the industrial internet plus smart manufacturing. Breakthroughs were made at a faster pace in core technologies in key areas such as rail transit, high-end medical appliances, and industrial robots, and these have been successfully applied to industry. We carried out a new round of technology transformation and upgrading projects, and accelerated technology transformations in major areas such as high-end equipment, smart manufacturing, and new materials. Further strides were taken in the strategy to make China a country strong on quality, and our work on strengthening quality, standards, and brands was intensified. We issued the Plan on the Layout and Development of National Logistics Hubs. In the services sector, we continued implementing the guidelines on innovation-driven development, carried out dedicated campaigns to raise quality, and conducted trials of integrated reform.

三是降成本工作持續(xù)推進(jìn)。大力實(shí)施減稅降費(fèi)，全年為企業(yè)和個(gè)人減負(fù)約1.3萬(wàn)億元。制造業(yè)等行業(yè)增值稅稅率從17%降至16%，交通運(yùn)輸、郵政、建筑、基礎(chǔ)電信服務(wù)等行業(yè)及農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等貨物的增值稅稅率從11%降至10%，提高小規(guī)模納稅人年銷(xiāo)售額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除比例提高到75%的政策擴(kuò)大至所有企業(yè)，金融機(jī)構(gòu)免征增值稅貸款單戶(hù)授信額度提高到1000萬(wàn)元。降低、停征一批行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)和政府性基金。延長(zhǎng)階段性降低社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率和企業(yè)住房公積金繳存比例政策期限，清理規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)性收費(fèi)。大力推動(dòng)降低用能、物流等成本，市場(chǎng)化交易電量比重進(jìn)一步提高，全國(guó)一般工商業(yè)電價(jià)平均降低10%的目標(biāo)超額完成，對(duì)掛車(chē)減半征收車(chē)輛購(gòu)置稅，擴(kuò)大高速公路差異化收費(fèi)試點(diǎn)。

3) Work on bringing down costs continued.

We stepped up efforts to reduce taxes and fees, helping ease the burden on enterprises and individuals by about 1.3 trillion yuan for the year. The rates of value added tax (VAT) were lowered from 17% to 16% in manufacturing and some other industries, and from 11% to 10% in industries such as transportation, postal services, construction, and basic telecommunications services and on goods such as agricultural products. The annual sales threshold for small-scale taxpayers was raised. The policy of a 75% tax deduction for research and development (R&D) expenses was extended to cover all enterprises. Financial institutions' credit line threshold for VAT exemption rose to 10 million yuan. We reduced or abolished a range of government administrative fees and government-managed funds. We continued the policy of reducing businesses' contributions to social insurance schemes and the housing provident fund, and overhauled and standardized business service fees. We took strong steps to lower energy and logistics costs, and continued to raise the proportion of market-based electricity transactions. The target to cut the price of electricity for general industrial and commercial businesses by an average of 10% was surpassed. Purchase tax on trailers was halved, and the policy of differentiated tolls was extended to cover more expressways.

（三）扎實(shí)打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，重點(diǎn)任務(wù)取得積極進(jìn)展。制定三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)行動(dòng)方案，依法依規(guī)有序?qū)嵤?，金融治理效果明顯，脫貧攻堅(jiān)完成年度目標(biāo)，生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。

3. We made solid progress in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, and yielded positive results in key tasks.

We formulated an action plan for winning the three critical battles, for which implementation has proceeded as planned and in accordance with laws and regulations. We scored notable achievements in improving financial governance, hit our poverty alleviation targets for the year, and secured fresh progress in improving the environment.

一是重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總體可控。宏觀杠桿率過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭得到有效遏制，金融市場(chǎng)總體平穩(wěn)，人民幣匯率保持合理穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)約束逐步增強(qiáng)，審慎經(jīng)營(yíng)理念得到強(qiáng)化，金融監(jiān)管制度進(jìn)一步完善，金融亂象整治取得階段性成效。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)外債登記制管理改革，有效防范外債風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。重點(diǎn)城市新建商品住宅銷(xiāo)售價(jià)格上漲態(tài)勢(shì)基本得到控制，因地制宜調(diào)整完善棚戶(hù)區(qū)改造的貨幣化安置政策。

1) Major risks were manageable on the whole. 

We have curbed excessively rapid growth of the macro-leverage ratio and maintained general stability in the financial market. The RMB exchange rate has remained generally stable at an appropriate level. Market restraints have been gradually enhanced, and the concept of prudent business operations has taken stronger root. Further improvements were made in financial regulation mechanisms, and initial success was achieved in addressing acute problems in the financial sector. We moved forward with reforms to improve the management system for foreign-debt registration and effectively guarded against foreign debt risks. The growth of commodity housing prices in major cities was basically brought under control, and the policy of providing monetary compensation to people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down urban areas was improved according to local circumstances.

二是精準(zhǔn)扶貧精準(zhǔn)脫貧有力推進(jìn)。進(jìn)一步加大對(duì)“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)和特殊貧困群體的幫扶力度，易地扶貧搬遷、以工代賑等重點(diǎn)任務(wù)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，產(chǎn)業(yè)、就業(yè)、教育、健康、生態(tài)、金融、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、文化和旅游等扶貧工作持續(xù)深化，貧困地區(qū)自我發(fā)展能力不斷增強(qiáng)。農(nóng)村貧困人口脫貧1386萬(wàn)人，280萬(wàn)人易地扶貧搬遷建設(shè)任務(wù)順利完成，幫扶貧困勞動(dòng)力實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)388萬(wàn)人。

2) Targeted poverty alleviation registered strong progress.

We stepped up support and assistance to particular groups affected by poverty and to extremely poor areas, including the three regions and three prefectures. We made solid progress in relocating people from inhospitable areas and implementing work-relief programs. We stepped up initiatives to alleviate poverty through the development of local industries, employment, education, healthcare services, culture, tourism, and the internet, as well as the provision of ecological conservation subsidies and financial support. These efforts have enabled poor areas to boost their capacity for self-sufficient development. Over the year, 13.86 million people in rural areas were lifted out of poverty, our target of relocating 2.8 million people from inhospitable areas was achieved, and we helped 3.88 million people in poverty find jobs.

三是污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)取得重大進(jìn)展。深入貫徹習(xí)近平生態(tài)文明思想和全國(guó)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)大會(huì)精神，全面加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的頂層設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)一步完善，中央生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察“回頭看”有序開(kāi)展，河長(zhǎng)制湖長(zhǎng)制全面建立，國(guó)家公園體制試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。藍(lán)天、碧水、凈土保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)全面推進(jìn)，打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃等出臺(tái)實(shí)施，細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）未達(dá)標(biāo)地級(jí)及以上城市年均濃度下降10.4%，水、土壤污染防治行動(dòng)深入開(kāi)展，主要污染物排放總量和單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放量進(jìn)一步下降。堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)禁止洋垃圾入境，全國(guó)固體廢物進(jìn)口總量比上年減少46.5%。加快推進(jìn)垃圾分類(lèi)處理。初步劃定京津冀等15個(gè)省份生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線(xiàn)，山西等16個(gè)省份基本形成劃定方案。深化生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)綜合行政執(zhí)法改革的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)印發(fā)實(shí)施。重大生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)工程有序推進(jìn)。實(shí)施退耕還林還草1238萬(wàn)畝，實(shí)施草原圍欄、退化草原改良等退牧還草工程3700多萬(wàn)畝。加強(qiáng)濱海濕地保護(hù)、嚴(yán)格管控圍填海。市場(chǎng)化、多元化生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制建設(shè)積極推進(jìn)，創(chuàng)新和完善促進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展價(jià)格機(jī)制的意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施。北方地區(qū)冬季清潔取暖工作穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)，天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)取得積極進(jìn)展。重點(diǎn)地區(qū)煤炭消費(fèi)減量替代持續(xù)推進(jìn)，用能權(quán)交易試點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)實(shí)施，提前兩年完成燃煤電廠(chǎng)超低排放和節(jié)能改造總量目標(biāo)任務(wù)，清潔能源消納長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制建設(shè)和運(yùn)行調(diào)節(jié)加強(qiáng)，棄電量和棄電率實(shí)現(xiàn)“雙降”，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降3.1%。全國(guó)碳排放權(quán)交易市場(chǎng)建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。推動(dòng)聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化大會(huì)取得積極成果，為《巴黎協(xié)定》實(shí)施細(xì)則的通過(guò)發(fā)揮重要作用。

3) Major progress was made in the critical battle against pollution.

Putting into practice Xi Jinping's thinking on promoting ecological progress and the principles from the national conference on ecological and environmental protection, we improved top-level planning for strengthening ecological and environmental protection across the board. Follow-up environmental inspections were carried out by the central government as planned, the river chief and lake chief systems came into effect nationwide, and trials of the national park system registered steady progress. 

We launched campaigns to protect our blue skies, clear waters, and clean lands across the country and began implementing the Three-Year Action Plan for Keeping Our Skies Blue. The annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) decreased by 10.4% in the cities at and above prefecture level that fell short of the national standards, and further steps were taken to address water and soil pollution. Total emissions of major pollutants and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP continued to fall. 

We took resolute measures to block illegal waste imports, and achieved a reduction of 46.5% in solid waste imports on the previous year. Work on the sorted treatment of waste made rapid progress. We completed the first steps in setting standards for enforcing ecological-conservation red lines in 15 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and basically completed plans for 16 others including Shanxi. We formulated the guidelines on deepening reforms for coordinated administrative law enforcement to protect ecosystems and the environment. 

We made steady progress in major ecological conservation and restoration projects. We returned more than 825,333 hectares of marginal farmland to forest or grassland, and undertook projects to return 2.47 million hectares of grazing land to grassland, which involved constructing grassland fencing and improving the condition of degraded grasslands. We did more to protect coastal wetlands and strictly controlled and regulated coastal reclamation activities. Progress was made in establishing market-based mechanisms for diversified ecological compensation and the Guidelines on Innovating and Improving Pricing Mechanisms for Promoting Green Development were issued for implementation.

We steadily moved forward with the work to adopt clean energy sources for winter heating in northern China, and achieved progress in building systems for natural gas production, supply, reserve, and sale. We continued working to cut coal consumption and to replace coal with alternative energy in key areas, and launched trials on trading energy consumption rights. The total volume targets for upgrading coal-burning power plants nationwide to achieve ultra-low emissions and energy efficiency were completed two years ahead of schedule. We made moves to strengthen the development and regulation of the long-term mechanism for absorbing clean energy into power grids, and delivered a reduction in both the amount and ratio of idle power and a decrease of 3.1% in energy consumption per unit of GDP. Steady progress was made in establishing a national market for trading carbon emission rights.

On the international stage, China worked to bring about positive results at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Poland, and made an important contribution to ensuring the adoption of the Paris Agreement's implementation guidelines.

（四）全面實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)活力持續(xù)釋放。強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新第一動(dòng)力作用，科技體制改革取得實(shí)質(zhì)性突破，國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系效能大幅提升，高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)較快發(fā)展，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)深入推進(jìn)，新動(dòng)能培育取得積極進(jìn)展，創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)水平進(jìn)一步提高，創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家建設(shè)邁出新步伐。

4. We fully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and continued to unlock new enthusiasm for innovation and business startups.

We bolstered the role of innovation as the primary driver of development. Substantive breakthroughs were made in reforming the management system for science and technology, and efficiency was greatly enhanced in the national innovation system. High-tech industries and strategic emerging industries recorded rapid growth, the Internet Plus action plan was further implemented, and much progress was made toward fostering new growth drivers. Innovation and business startups have been elevated to yet higher levels, and new strides have been made in building China into a country of innovators.

一是科技實(shí)力和創(chuàng)新能力不斷提升。全國(guó)研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)投入強(qiáng)度達(dá)到2.18%，科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率預(yù)計(jì)提高到58.5%。基礎(chǔ)研究進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，首次在半導(dǎo)體量子點(diǎn)體系中實(shí)現(xiàn)三量子比特邏輯門(mén)，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)鐵基超導(dǎo)體中的馬約拉納束縛態(tài)，首次人工創(chuàng)建單條染色體真核細(xì)胞。一批重大科技成果涌現(xiàn)，嫦娥四號(hào)探測(cè)器成功著陸月球背面，第二艘航母出海試航，國(guó)產(chǎn)大型水陸兩棲飛機(jī)水上首飛，北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)面向全球開(kāi)啟服務(wù)，5G技術(shù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備達(dá)到預(yù)商用水平。重大科技、民用空間、信息等領(lǐng)域基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提質(zhì)提速，科研管理機(jī)制和評(píng)價(jià)激勵(lì)制度不斷完善。全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗(yàn)169項(xiàng)先行先試改革舉措已完成123項(xiàng)，第二批共23項(xiàng)改革舉措正在復(fù)制推廣。北京、上海全球影響力科技創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)加速推進(jìn)，粵港澳大灣區(qū)國(guó)際科技創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)方案印發(fā)實(shí)施，北京懷柔、上海張江、安徽合肥3個(gè)綜合性國(guó)家科學(xué)中心建設(shè)進(jìn)展順利，海南省創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施方案出臺(tái)實(shí)施。國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)、開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)和20個(gè)國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)、168個(gè)國(guó)家高新區(qū)的引領(lǐng)作用增強(qiáng)，高速列車(chē)、新能源汽車(chē)等國(guó)家技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)深入推進(jìn)。國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心工作指引出臺(tái)實(shí)施，先進(jìn)計(jì)算、先進(jìn)存儲(chǔ)、生物育種等3個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心加快建設(shè)。企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新主體地位不斷提高，新認(rèn)定111家國(guó)家企業(yè)技術(shù)中心。

1) Our scientific and technological strength and innovation capacity continued to increase.

China's spending on R&D reached 2.18% of GDP, and the contribution of scientific and technological advances to economic growth hit 58.5%. Basic research was further strengthened with a number of firsts being achieved: Chinese scientists demonstrated a toffoli gate in a semiconductor three-qubit system, found evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor, and created a single-chromosome eukaryote. We also saw a constant stream of major scientific and technological advances throughout the year: The Chang'e-4 lunar probe successfully landed on the far side of the moon; China's second homemade aircraft carrier took to the seas for its trial voyage; our homemade large amphibious aircraft completed its first overwater flight; the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System began providing services to the world; and China's 5G system equipment has reached the pre-commercial level.

We ensured faster and better-quality infrastructure construction in major science and technology, civil-space, information, and other fields, and continued improving the management mechanisms and assessment and incentive systems for scientific research. Pilot reforms for comprehensive innovation have made further progress—123 out of 169 preliminary trials were completed and a second batch of 23 reform measures are currently being replicated and applied on a broader scale. Efforts to see Beijing and Shanghai become global science and technology innovation centers picked up pace, plans on building Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into an international center for science and technology innovation were issued for implementation, and construction on the three comprehensive national science centers in Beijing's Huairou, Shanghai's Zhangjiang, and Anhui's Hefei advanced smoothly. The Implementation Plan for the Innovation-Driven Development Strategy of Hainan Province was released. 

Our state-level new areas, development zones, 20 national innovation demonstration zones, and 168 national new- and high-tech development zones played a stronger role in leading development, and good progress was made in the construction of national technological innovation centers for high-speed trains and NEVs. We unveiled the Guidelines on Building National Industrial Innovation Centers, and stepped up the building of the three national industrial innovation centers for advanced computing, advanced memory technology, and bio-breeding. We continued to enhance the role of enterprises as the principal entities in technological innovation, and certified a further 111 state-level enterprise technology centers.

二是大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新縱深推進(jìn)。推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展打造“雙創(chuàng)”升級(jí)版的意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施，制造業(yè)“雙創(chuàng)”平臺(tái)培育三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃深入推進(jìn)，確定150個(gè)制造業(yè)“雙創(chuàng)”平臺(tái)試點(diǎn)示范項(xiàng)目。6500多家眾創(chuàng)空間服務(wù)創(chuàng)業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)40萬(wàn)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)超過(guò)140萬(wàn)人。1824家星創(chuàng)天地培訓(xùn)農(nóng)村創(chuàng)業(yè)人才4.9萬(wàn)人次，孵化企業(yè)2.3萬(wàn)家。加強(qiáng)“雙創(chuàng)”示范基地建設(shè)和小微企業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)新示范基地建設(shè)，建立完善國(guó)家創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)政策信息服務(wù)網(wǎng)，成功舉辦2018年全國(guó)“雙創(chuàng)”活動(dòng)周和“創(chuàng)響中國(guó)”系列活動(dòng)。國(guó)家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導(dǎo)基金有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，新投資企業(yè)超過(guò)1200家。全年新登記注冊(cè)企業(yè)增長(zhǎng)10.3%，平均每天新設(shè)1.84萬(wàn)戶(hù)。

2) Business startups and innovation initiatives were intensified.

The Guidelines on Promoting High-Quality Development of Innovation and Business Startups and Upgrading the National Business Startups and Innovation Initiative was promulgated. We continued to carry out the Three-Year Action Plan for Developing Business Startups and Innovation Platforms in Manufacturing, and confirmed 150 demonstration projects to pilot these platforms. Over 6,500 maker spaces have served 400,000 entrepreneurial teams, and helped generate over 1.4 million jobs; 1,824 rural maker spaces have filled 49,000 places on training courses and incubated 23,000 enterprises. We encouraged more robust development of business startups and innovation demonstration centers and similar demonstration hubs for small and micro businesses, and set up a sound national information service portal for related policies. We successfully held the 2018 National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week and the Innovating China Tour. The National Venture Capital Guide Fund for Emerging Industries operated effectively, helping more than 1,200 new enterprises receive investment. The number of newly registered businesses in 2018 grew by 10.3%, with an average of 18,400 new businesses daily.

三是新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。全面落實(shí)“十三五”國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)集群發(fā)展，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”、新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、人工智能創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、生物產(chǎn)業(yè)倍增、民用空間基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等重大工程加速推進(jìn)。規(guī)模以上高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值增長(zhǎng)11.7%，快于全部規(guī)模以上工業(yè)增速。電子商務(wù)法正式公布，引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)等新業(yè)態(tài)健康發(fā)展的政策文件陸續(xù)出臺(tái)，對(duì)新業(yè)態(tài)新模式的包容審慎監(jiān)管進(jìn)一步完善，智能零售、產(chǎn)能共享等新熱點(diǎn)持續(xù)涌現(xiàn)，全年實(shí)物商品網(wǎng)上零售額增長(zhǎng)25.4%，占社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額比例達(dá)18.4%，比上年提高3.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。京津冀、貴州等8個(gè)國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)加快建設(shè)。

3) Emerging industries enjoyed vigorous development.

The National Development Plan for Strategic Emerging Industries during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period was fully implemented. We promoted the development of strategic industry clusters, and moved faster to advance major projects on the "Internet Plus" model, next-generation information infrastructure, innovation-driven AI development, bio-tech industry, and civil-space infrastructure. The value-added of large high-tech manufacturing enterprises grew 11.7%, much higher than that of large industrial enterprises as a whole. The E-Commerce Law was promulgated, and a number of policies were issued over the course of the year to guide and regulate the development of new forms of business, such as the digital economy and the sharing economy. Accommodative and prudential regulation over new industries and new forms of business was further improved, allowing for the emergence of a stream of new hot innovations such as smart retail and capacity sharing. The online retail sales of goods grew by 25.4%, accounting for 18.4% of total retail sales of consumer goods, an increase of 3.4 percentage points from the previous year. We accelerated the building of eight national comprehensive experimental zones for big data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Guizhou, and other areas.

四是軍民融合發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。國(guó)家軍民融合創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)啟動(dòng)建設(shè)?？萍架娒袢诤现攸c(diǎn)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)與軍民科技協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)啟動(dòng)，軍民融合重大示范項(xiàng)目建設(shè)進(jìn)展順利。國(guó)家軍民融合信息化平臺(tái)建設(shè)有力推進(jìn)。國(guó)家國(guó)防科技工業(yè)軍民融合產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金、國(guó)家級(jí)軍民融合發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金啟動(dòng)運(yùn)行。支持符合條件的軍民融合企業(yè)發(fā)行企業(yè)債券，拓寬軍民融合投融資渠道。第三屆中國(guó)軍民兩用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用大賽和第四屆軍民融合高技術(shù)裝備成果展成功舉辦。

4) The military-civilian integration strategy was implemented to good effect.

Construction began on demonstration zones to promote innovation in military-civilian integration (MCI). Key special MCI projects on science and technology and the platform for military-civilian collaborative innovation in science and technology were launched. Smooth progress was made in major MCI demonstration projects, and strong steps were taken to develop the national MCI information platform. The national MCI industrial investment fund for defense-related science, technology, and industry was put into operation, along with the national-level MCI industrial investment fund. We also broadened investment and financing channels for military-civilian integration, by offering support for qualified MCI enterprises to issue corporate bonds. The third China Dual-Use Technology and Application Contest and the fourth Exhibition of MCI High-Tech Equipment Outcomes were successfully held.

（五）深化改革擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展動(dòng)力進(jìn)一步激發(fā)。按照深化黨和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)改革方案，國(guó)務(wù)院機(jī)構(gòu)改革有序推進(jìn)。深入開(kāi)展紀(jì)念改革開(kāi)放40周年系列慶祝活動(dòng)，推動(dòng)一系列重大改革開(kāi)放舉措落地。

5. We pursued deeper reform and greater opening up and unlocked more drivers of economic and social development.

Reform of the State Council's institutions progressed as per the arrangements in the Plan on Deepening Reform of Party and State Institutions. A vast array of activities were held to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, and a host of major measures to promote reform and opening up were implemented.

一是營(yíng)商環(huán)境持續(xù)優(yōu)化?！胺殴芊备母锷钊胪七M(jìn)。全面實(shí)施全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度，市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單（2018年版）發(fā)布，清單以外的行業(yè)、領(lǐng)域、業(yè)務(wù)等各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體皆可依法平等進(jìn)入。取消汽車(chē)投資項(xiàng)目核準(zhǔn)等一批行政許可事項(xiàng)，大幅壓縮企業(yè)開(kāi)辦時(shí)間，副省級(jí)以上城市和省會(huì)城市企業(yè)開(kāi)辦時(shí)間壓縮至8.5個(gè)工作日以?xún)?nèi)。“證照分離”改革在全國(guó)推開(kāi)，全面實(shí)施全國(guó)統(tǒng)一“二十四證合一”改革。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)許可證制度改革加快推進(jìn)，產(chǎn)品種類(lèi)由38類(lèi)降至24類(lèi)。在北京等15個(gè)城市和浙江省開(kāi)展工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目審批制度改革試點(diǎn)。世界銀行公布的我國(guó)營(yíng)商環(huán)境全球排名由2017年第78位大幅躍升至第46位。在22個(gè)城市開(kāi)展中國(guó)營(yíng)商環(huán)境試評(píng)價(jià)，中國(guó)營(yíng)商環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)體系初步構(gòu)建。深入推進(jìn)“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”監(jiān)管，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管領(lǐng)域日常監(jiān)管全覆蓋。社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)持續(xù)推進(jìn)，電信詐騙、偷逃騙稅等19個(gè)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域失信問(wèn)題專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理深入開(kāi)展，守信聯(lián)合激勵(lì)和失信聯(lián)合懲戒機(jī)制初顯成效。政務(wù)服務(wù)“一網(wǎng)一門(mén)一次”改革啟動(dòng)實(shí)施，建立國(guó)務(wù)院部門(mén)數(shù)據(jù)共享責(zé)任清單，基本建成全國(guó)一體化的數(shù)據(jù)共享交換平臺(tái)體系，數(shù)據(jù)共享交換量達(dá)360億條次。深入推進(jìn)審批服務(wù)便民化，“減證便民”行動(dòng)和“群眾辦事百項(xiàng)堵點(diǎn)疏解行動(dòng)”扎實(shí)開(kāi)展。

1) The business environment consistently improved.

Reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services continued apace. Fully implementing the Negative List for Market Access, we issued the 2018 version, and took steps to ensure industries, sectors, and commercial activities not on the list could be fairly accessed by all types of market entities in accordance with law. We also abolished a number of items subject to administrative approval including those for automobile investment projects. The time taken to set up a business has been dramatically shortened to within 8.5 working days in cities at and above sub-provincial level and provincial capitals.

The reform separating out the business license from certificates required for starting a business was rolled out nationwide, and the national reform to merge 24 types of certification into one certificate was fully implemented. Reform of the industrial production licensing system picked up speed, and the number of product categories has been cut from 38 to 24. Trial reforms on the approval system for construction projects were started in Beijing and 14 other cities, as well as in Zhejiang Province. In the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business ranking (2019), China jumped from 78th to 46th place. We also piloted a business environment evaluation suited to China's conditions in 22 cities, marking the first step toward establishing China's own business environment evaluation system.

Progress was made in promoting the oversight model using randomly selected inspectors to inspect randomly selected entities and requiring the prompt release of results, and full coverage of daily oversight in market regulation was basically realized. We continued building the social credit system. We introduced targeted measures in 19 key sectors against acts in bad faith, including telecom fraud, tax evasion, and tax fraud. The mechanisms of joint incentives for acts of good faith and joint punishment for acts of bad faith produced initial results. 

We launched reforms to see that people need only log in to one website or visit one place and make one trip to access a government service. We formulated lists of responsibilities on data sharing for departments under the State Council, and basically established a national unified system of platforms for sharing and exchanging data. This system has so far facilitated data exchanges of 36 billion in number. We worked hard to provide more convenient approval services, and made solid progress in the "less certificates, more convenience" initiative and the campaign to free up 100 bottlenecks preventing people from accessing government services.

二是國(guó)資國(guó)企改革加快推進(jìn)。國(guó)有企業(yè)混合所有制改革積極穩(wěn)步開(kāi)展，深化混合所有制改革試點(diǎn)有關(guān)政策出臺(tái)實(shí)施，三批50家混合所有制改革試點(diǎn)梯次推進(jìn)并取得重要階段性成效。改革國(guó)有企業(yè)工資決定機(jī)制的意見(jiàn)、推進(jìn)國(guó)有資本投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)公司改革試點(diǎn)的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)，深化國(guó)企改革“1+N”政策體系搭建完成。加強(qiáng)國(guó)有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債約束的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)印發(fā)實(shí)施，國(guó)有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債約束機(jī)制初步建立。中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代國(guó)有企業(yè)制度進(jìn)一步完善，有效制衡的法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)和靈活高效的市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制加快建立。

2) Reform of state capital and SOEs picked up pace.

The reform to introduce mixed ownership to SOEs moved forward in an active and steady manner. We issued the policies for deepening pilot reforms on mixed ownership, and carried out pilot mixed-ownership reforms sequentially in 50 SOEs in three groups, yielding important results. The Guidelines on Reforming the Salary-Setting Mechanism for SOEs and the Guidelines on Promoting Pilot Reforms in State Capital Investment and Management Companies were published. A system anchored by the Guidelines on Deepening Reform of SOEs as well as other supplementary policies was put in place. The Guidelines on Strengthening Constraints on SOEs' Debt-to-Asset Ratios were promulgated, marking the initial step in setting up a constraint mechanism for SOEs' debt-to-asset ratios. The modern SOE system with Chinese characteristics was further improved, and faster progress was made in establishing a corporate governance structure with effective checks and balances and flexible and efficient market-based operating mechanisms.

三是支持民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展力度加大。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，建立健全產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，全面清理涉及產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的規(guī)章規(guī)范性文件，深入開(kāi)展政府機(jī)構(gòu)失信問(wèn)題專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+”知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)工作方案出臺(tái)實(shí)施。大力弘揚(yáng)企業(yè)家精神，私營(yíng)企業(yè)暫行條例廢止。著力疏通貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)擴(kuò)大對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是制造業(yè)企業(yè)、民營(yíng)企業(yè)、小微企業(yè)的信貸投放。設(shè)立民營(yíng)企業(yè)債券融資支持工具，以市場(chǎng)化方式幫助企業(yè)緩解融資難問(wèn)題。

3) The private sector received stronger support.

We strengthened the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights (IPR). We set up a robust mechanism to ensure coordinated property rights protection, conducted a review of all regulations and normative documents relating to property rights protection, and carried out extensive campaigns to address failures within government institutions to act in good faith in this area. The Plan for the Internet Plus IPR Protection was unveiled. In line with our efforts to promote entrepreneurship, we repealed the Provisional Regulations for Private Enterprises. We worked to improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and encouraged financial institutions to provide more credit to the real economy and to manufacturing firms, private enterprises, and small and micro businesses in particular. We set up instruments to support private enterprises in debt financing and help them find market-based solutions to financing problems.

四是財(cái)稅金融改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。中央與地方財(cái)政事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革分領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)，預(yù)算績(jī)效管理制度不斷完善。增值稅改革進(jìn)一步深化。修改個(gè)人所得稅法及其實(shí)施條例，提高基本減除費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，設(shè)立6項(xiàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)附加扣除，稅率結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步調(diào)整優(yōu)化。環(huán)境保護(hù)稅順利開(kāi)征。完善系統(tǒng)重要性金融機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管、加強(qiáng)非金融企業(yè)投資金融機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管、完善國(guó)有金融資本管理等政策文件出臺(tái)實(shí)施。有序推動(dòng)民營(yíng)銀行發(fā)展，17家民營(yíng)銀行獲批開(kāi)業(yè)。

4) The reform of the fiscal, tax, and financial systems registered steady progress. 

We continued reforms to divide fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between central and local governments on a sector by sector basis, and made consistent improvements to performance-based budgetary management. In the area of tax, further progress was made in VAT reform. We revised the Law on Individual Income Tax and its implementation regulations, raised the income tax threshold, introduced six special deductible items, and improved the structure of tax rates. The environmental protection tax came into force. 

We published policies on improving regulation of systemically important financial institutions, on strengthening oversight over nonfinancial firms' investment in financial institutions, and on improving the management of state-owned financial capital. The orderly development of private banks was promoted, with approval being granted for the establishment of 17 private banks.

五是共建“一帶一路”取得新進(jìn)展。推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)工作5周年座談會(huì)召開(kāi)，為推動(dòng)“一帶一路”建設(shè)走深走實(shí)明確了方向。圍繞重點(diǎn)方向重點(diǎn)國(guó)別，鞏固共建意愿、推動(dòng)規(guī)劃對(duì)接，已累計(jì)同150多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織簽署171份政府間合作文件。國(guó)際產(chǎn)能合作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)，與法國(guó)、日本、新加坡等10多個(gè)國(guó)家簽署第三方市場(chǎng)合作文件，中老、中泰鐵路和中阿（聯(lián)酋）“一帶一路”產(chǎn)能合作園區(qū)等重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，雅萬(wàn)高鐵全面開(kāi)工，瓜達(dá)爾港等重點(diǎn)港口項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展順利，中歐班列提質(zhì)增效工作取得重要進(jìn)展，累計(jì)開(kāi)行超過(guò)1.3萬(wàn)列，回程率提高近20個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?！耙粠б宦贰毖鼐€(xiàn)國(guó)家航空互聯(lián)互通水平顯著提高，新開(kāi)航線(xiàn)106條?！耙粠б宦贰眹?guó)際科學(xué)組織聯(lián)盟成立，推動(dòng)與東盟、南亞、阿拉伯國(guó)家、中亞、中東歐5個(gè)區(qū)域共建技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移平臺(tái)，推動(dòng)與菲律賓、印尼等8個(gè)國(guó)家共建科技園區(qū)。中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)取得圓滿(mǎn)成功和豐碩成果。數(shù)字絲綢之路建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，已與16個(gè)國(guó)家簽署合作諒解備忘錄，“絲路電商”全球布局步伐加快，與17個(gè)國(guó)家簽署合作協(xié)議。

5) The Belt and Road Initiative made new advances. 

A symposium was held to mark the fifth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). During the symposium the BRI's future trajectory was outlined with a view to ensuring it continues building momentum and producing concrete outcomes. Focusing on key areas and key countries, we worked to build on the collective desire for cooperation and promoted the coordination of development plans. To date, a total of 171 inter-governmental cooperation documents have been signed with over 150 countries and international organizations. 

We steadily increased international industrial-capacity cooperation. The positive effect of industrial concentration in overseas economic and trade cooperation zones was much more noticeable, and third-market cooperation documents were signed with over ten countries, including France, Japan, and Singapore. There was substantial progress in key BRI projects like the China-Laos and China-Thailand rail lines and the China-UAE Industrial Park. Construction is fully underway on the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed line and making smooth progress on key port projects like Gwadar in Pakistan. We made important improvements to the quality and efficiency of the China-Europe freight train services. The services have so far registered over 13,000 trips, and have seen a 20-percentage-point increase in the number of return journeys to China. Marked progress was made in aviation connectivity among BRI countries, with the opening of 106 new air routes. 

The BRI International Science Organizations Alliance was established to promote collaboration on building technology transfer platforms between China and ASEAN, Arab states, and countries in south Asia, central Asia, and central and eastern Europe, and to co-establish science and technology parks with the Philippines, Indonesia, and six other countries. We successfully hosted the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, which produced many positive outcomes. Work on the Digital Silk Road progressed steadily with the signing of cooperation MOUs with 16 countries, and faster moves were made to promote Silk Road E-Commerce across the globe with the signing of cooperation agreements with 17 countries.

六是貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)。首屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)成功舉辦，向全世界宣示了我國(guó)主動(dòng)開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的決心。區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定談判加速推進(jìn)，與新加坡簽署自貿(mào)協(xié)定升級(jí)版，與毛里求斯完成自貿(mào)協(xié)定談判，累計(jì)已與25個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)達(dá)成17個(gè)自貿(mào)協(xié)定，多雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作進(jìn)一步深化。出臺(tái)53項(xiàng)措施支持自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)深化改革創(chuàng)新，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)復(fù)制推廣30項(xiàng)自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。海南全島自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)啟動(dòng)建設(shè)，探索建設(shè)中國(guó)特色自由貿(mào)易港。新設(shè)一批跨境電子商務(wù)綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)，完善跨境電商零售進(jìn)口監(jiān)管和稅收政策，擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易試點(diǎn)范圍，跨境電子商務(wù)、市場(chǎng)采購(gòu)貿(mào)易等新業(yè)態(tài)新模式蓬勃發(fā)展。關(guān)稅總水平由9.8%下調(diào)至7.5%，積極擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。多元化市場(chǎng)不斷拓展，全年貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)30.51萬(wàn)億元，增長(zhǎng)9.7%。

6) China made solid progress in developing as a trader of quality.

We successfully hosted the first China International Import Expo, an event which has shown to the world China's determination to continue opening its market and promote economic globalization. We stepped up negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, signed an upgraded free trade agreement (FTA) with Singapore, and completed FTA negotiations with Mauritius. With this, China has further strengthened its bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, and signed a total of 17 FTAs with 25 countries and regions. 

We adopted 53 measures to deepen reform and promote innovation in pilot free trade zones, and applied 30 practices developed from trial reforms in pilot free trade zones across the country. We began work on building China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and carried out exploratory work on setting up free trade ports with Chinese features. We built more integrated experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce, improved retail import supervision and taxation policies on cross-border e-commerce, and expanded the scope of trials on market procurement trade. These steps have helped support the vigorous development of new forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement trade. We lowered China's overall tariff level from 9.8% to 7.5% and worked to balance China's foreign trade by actively expanding imports. The diversity of China's market grew continuously. The total value of imported and exported goods for the year stood at 30.51 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.7%.

七是利用外資環(huán)境不斷優(yōu)化。全面放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，2018年版全國(guó)和自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)兩個(gè)外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單發(fā)布，特別管理措施分別壓減至48條、45條，金融領(lǐng)域?qū)ν忾_(kāi)放穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。在全國(guó)推行外資企業(yè)設(shè)立商務(wù)備案與工商登記“一口辦理”，積極推進(jìn)在產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、科技政策、政府采購(gòu)、資質(zhì)許可、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定等方面平等對(duì)待內(nèi)外資企業(yè)，開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)改革和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展不斷深化，外商投資環(huán)境持續(xù)優(yōu)化。全年外商直接投資達(dá)1350億美元，增長(zhǎng)3%。

7) The foreign investment environment was continuously improved. 

Restrictions on market access were relaxed across the board. Two editions of the 2018 negative list for foreign investment were published, one for the whole country and the other for pilot free trade zones. The number of special administrative measures applying in each case has been reduced to 48 and 45 respectively. Steady progress was made in opening up the financial sector. We instituted a nationwide policy of allowing foreign-invested enterprises to complete business filing procedures and business registration in one go. We took active steps to promote equal treatment of domestic and foreign enterprises in terms of industrial policy, science and technology policy, government procurement, license applications, and standards-setting. Reform and innovation-driven development in development zones were stepped up, and the business environment for foreign investors continued to improve. China attracted around US$ 135 billion in foreign direct investment over the year, an increase of 3%.

八是對(duì)外投資平穩(wěn)有序發(fā)展。企業(yè)境外投資管理辦法、對(duì)外投資備案（核準(zhǔn)）報(bào)告暫行辦法正式施行，全口徑、全過(guò)程管理不斷完善，對(duì)外投資行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，主要流向租賃和商務(wù)服務(wù)業(yè)、制造業(yè)等。發(fā)布企業(yè)境外經(jīng)營(yíng)合規(guī)管理指引，企業(yè)合規(guī)意識(shí)有所增強(qiáng)。引導(dǎo)對(duì)外投融資基金健康發(fā)展，企業(yè)“走出去”融資渠道進(jìn)一步拓寬。全年非金融類(lèi)境外直接投資達(dá)到1205億美元。

8) Development of outward investment was steady and orderly. 

The Management Provisions for Outward Investment by Enterprises and the Interim Measures for Reporting on the Registration (Approval) of Outward Investment were put into force. We enhanced unified supervision over outward investment at all stages and further improved the sectorial composition of outward investments, with the bulk flowing into leasing, business services, and manufacturing. To enhance the awareness of enterprises about compliance, we published the Guide on Compliance Management for Enterprises' Overseas Operations. We provided guidance to see the sound development of outward investment and financing funds, thus expanding the channels through which enterprises can seek financing for their "go-global" efforts. Non-financial outward direct investment reached US$ 120.5 billion in 2018.

（六）大力實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展新動(dòng)能加快培育。鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃（2018－2022年）出臺(tái)實(shí)施，28個(gè)省級(jí)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃已印發(fā)，其他?。▍^(qū)、市）已基本完成規(guī)劃編制工作，多規(guī)合一的村莊規(guī)劃編制部署推進(jìn)，鄉(xiāng)村振興的制度框架和政策體系逐步建立，鄉(xiāng)村振興階段性重點(diǎn)工作全面展開(kāi)。

6. We put strong focus on implementing the rural revitalization strategy and moved faster to foster new growth drivers for agricultural and rural development. 

The Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022) was issued for implementation. A total of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have already published complimentary plans. In addition, plans for all others have been basically completed, and work on rolling separate village development plans into one single plan has continued. The institutional framework and policy system for rural revitalization have been gradually established and all major work planned for the current stage has begun.

一是農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)一步夯實(shí)。糧食總產(chǎn)量保持在1.3萬(wàn)億斤以上。新增高效節(jié)水灌溉面積2158萬(wàn)畝，新增高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田8000多萬(wàn)畝，完成9億多畝糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護(hù)區(qū)劃定任務(wù)。深入實(shí)施現(xiàn)代化種業(yè)提升工程，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)國(guó)家南繁科研育種基地，加快推動(dòng)糧油、蔬菜、水果等農(nóng)作物種子種苗基地建設(shè)。172項(xiàng)重大水利工程累計(jì)開(kāi)工133項(xiàng)，在建投資規(guī)模超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元。全年完成營(yíng)造林2.34億畝。開(kāi)展“農(nóng)業(yè)質(zhì)量年”行動(dòng)，加快推進(jìn)質(zhì)量興農(nóng)、綠色興農(nóng)、品牌強(qiáng)農(nóng)，主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)測(cè)合格率保持在97%以上，化肥、農(nóng)藥使用量均下降。

1) The foundations of agriculture grew stronger.

Total grain output exceeded 650 million metric tons. Efficient water-saving irrigation methods were newly applied to 1.44 million hectares of land. The area of high-standard cropland was increased by over 5.33 million hectares. We have established functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products on an area of over 60 million hectares. We stepped up the initiative to upgrade the modern seed industry, ensured high standards were adopted in the building of the Nanfan National Seed Breeding Base, and sped up construction on seed and seedling breeding bases for grain and oil-bearing crops, vegetables, and fruits. 

Work has begun on 133 of 172 planned major water conservancy projects, with the total investment in ongoing projects exceeding 1 trillion yuan. A total of 15.6 million hectares of land were afforested throughout the year. The Year of Agricultural Quality campaign was carried out to spur agricultural development by raising quality standards, promoting green development, and building strong brands. The percentage of major agricultural products that passed quality and safety tests remained above 97%, and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides both decreased.

二是農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展取得積極進(jìn)展。認(rèn)定農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展示范園100家，啟動(dòng)創(chuàng)建現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園62個(gè)、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)254個(gè)。深入實(shí)施主要農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化推進(jìn)行動(dòng)。大力發(fā)展智慧農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營(yíng)、管理、服務(wù)數(shù)字化水平進(jìn)一步提升。農(nóng)村新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)加快培育。

2) Development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries was much more integrated in rural areas. 

A total of 100 demonstration parks for rural industry integration have so far been certified, and work started on building 62 modern agricultural industrial parks and 254 towns with agricultural strengths. We continued promoting complete mechanization of the production process for major crops. We also concentrated on developing intelligent agriculture, boosting the levels of digitization in agricultural production, operations, management, and services. New industries and new forms of business in rural areas enjoyed rapid development.

三是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村改革穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。完善稻谷、小麥最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策制度。健全玉米和大豆市場(chǎng)化收購(gòu)加補(bǔ)貼機(jī)制。農(nóng)村土地征收、集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市、宅基地制度改革試點(diǎn)工作有序推進(jìn)。宅基地和農(nóng)房確權(quán)登記發(fā)證加快實(shí)施，土地承包權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證工作基本完成，承包地已確權(quán)面積14.8億畝，超過(guò)二輪家庭承包地（賬面）面積。建立健全進(jìn)城落戶(hù)農(nóng)民土地承包權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)、集體收益分配權(quán)維護(hù)和自愿有償退出機(jī)制，在3個(gè)省、50個(gè)地市、150個(gè)縣啟動(dòng)第三批農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革試點(diǎn)。全國(guó)已有超過(guò)15萬(wàn)個(gè)農(nóng)村集體組織完成改革，共確認(rèn)集體成員2億多人。集體林權(quán)制度改革進(jìn)一步深化。

3) Agricultural and rural reforms registered steady progress. 

We made improvements to the policy on setting minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice and to the mechanism for combining market-based purchases with government subsidies for corn and soybeans. Well-planned steps were taken to push forward with trial reforms on rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the system for rural land designated for housing. We stepped up work to determine, register, and certify rural home land rights and rural housing property rights, and basically completed the work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land rights. Rights on 986.7 million hectares of contracted land have been certified, exceeding the cadastral area covered during the second round of household land contracting in rural areas. We have set up robust mechanisms for former rural residents who now hold urban residency to protect their rights on contracted rural land, use rights on rural land designated for housing, and rights to share in the proceeds from rural collective undertakings, as well as their entitlement to voluntarily transfer these rights in return for compensation. The third batch of trials to reform the rural collective property rights system began in 150 counties in 50 prefectures and cities and in 3 provinces. To date this reform has been completed by over 150,000 rural collectives nationwide and has involved more than 200 million people. Reform of collective forest tenure was furthered.

四是美麗宜居鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)步伐加快。農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治三年行動(dòng)全面啟動(dòng)。農(nóng)村突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題綜合治理試點(diǎn)示范和農(nóng)村生活污水治理示范有序開(kāi)展。農(nóng)村生活垃圾治理覆蓋面進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，廁所革命積極推進(jìn)。農(nóng)村飲水安全鞏固提升工程加快實(shí)施，農(nóng)村自來(lái)水普及率進(jìn)一步提升。農(nóng)村公路建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)。農(nóng)村機(jī)井通電、小城鎮(zhèn)中心村農(nóng)網(wǎng)改造升級(jí)、貧困村通動(dòng)力電等順利完成。開(kāi)展電信普遍服務(wù)試點(diǎn)、“寬帶鄉(xiāng)村”、“百兆鄉(xiāng)村”示范工程，新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)工程加快推進(jìn)。農(nóng)村基層綜合性文化服務(wù)中心建設(shè)有序推進(jìn)。

4) Work on building a beautiful and livable countryside picked up pace. 

The three-year campaign to improve rural living environments got underway across the country. We steadily moved forward pilot demonstration programs to comprehensively address serious environmental problems and demonstrations to treat household wastewater in rural areas. The project to manage household refuse was extended to more rural areas and the Toilet Revolution was actively carried forward. We stepped up efforts to consolidate and build on the progress made in providing safe drinking water, and increased the availability of tap water in rural areas. More rural roads were built. We successfully concluded the projects to provide power to all electric pump sets on rural flatlands, to upgrade power grids in small towns and hub villages, and to provide three-phase power to poor villages. We carried out trials of providing universal telecommunications services and demonstration projects to extend broadband connectivity, and particularly to install 100M fiber optic networks in rural areas, and moved faster to build next-generation information infrastructure there. The orderly development of multipurpose cultural service centers in rural areas continued.

（七）統(tǒng)籌推動(dòng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，空間發(fā)展格局更趨優(yōu)化。發(fā)揮各地區(qū)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，努力縮小區(qū)域發(fā)展差距，大力推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)，區(qū)域發(fā)展的協(xié)同性、聯(lián)動(dòng)性、整體性進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。

7. We took holistic steps to promote coordinated regional development and saw further improvements in spatial development patterns. 

We gave play to the comparative advantages of different regions, worked on narrowing regional development disparities, and focused on promoting new urbanization. Stronger levels of coordination, connectivity, and integration were achieved in development between regions.

一是進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。建立更加有效的區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展新機(jī)制的意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施。推動(dòng)西部地區(qū)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放，新開(kāi)工交通、能源等重點(diǎn)工程28項(xiàng)，總投資4825億元。東北地區(qū)營(yíng)商環(huán)境建設(shè)、民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、與東部對(duì)口合作等取得新突破，老工業(yè)城市和資源型地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)型穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，城區(qū)老工業(yè)區(qū)、獨(dú)立工礦區(qū)改造搬遷和采煤沉陷區(qū)綜合治理持續(xù)實(shí)施。先進(jìn)制造業(yè)在中部地區(qū)合理布局提速，漢江、淮河生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展規(guī)劃以及湘南湘西承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移示范區(qū)總體方案出臺(tái)實(shí)施。東部地區(qū)新動(dòng)能加快培育壯大，組織開(kāi)展山東新舊動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)換綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)。革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)加快發(fā)展，交通、水利、能源、通信、物流等重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，對(duì)口支援深入開(kāi)展，支持新疆、西藏和四省藏區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展政策措施進(jìn)一步完善。海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展示范區(qū)啟動(dòng)建設(shè)，海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)。國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)、臨空經(jīng)濟(jì)示范區(qū)、綜合配套改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)等功能平臺(tái)的示范引領(lǐng)作用不斷增強(qiáng)。沿邊重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，形成了一批可復(fù)制可推廣經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

1) Further strides were made in promoting coordinated regional development. 

The Guidelines on Establishing More Effective New Mechanisms for Coordinated Regional Development were released. To promote further development and opening up in the western region, we launched 28 major projects in transportation, energy, and other fields with a total investment of 482.5 billion yuan. In the northeast, breakthroughs were made in improving the business environment, developing the private sector, and promoting cooperative partnerships with the eastern region; steady progress was made in the transformation of old industrial cities and resource-dependent areas; efforts were continued to rebuild or relocate old industrial districts within cities and independent industrial and mining areas and to implement comprehensive solutions in areas affected by mining-induced subsidence. In the central region, we moved faster to achieve a rational distribution of advanced manufacturing, and began to implement development plans for the Han and Huai river eco-economic belts and the general plan for industrial relocation demonstration zones in southern and western Hunan. The eastern region moved faster to foster and strengthen new growth drivers; in Shandong, work began on a comprehensive experimental zone for replacing old growth drivers with new ones. 

Old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas all recorded faster development, achieving solid progress in constructing major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, energy, communications, and logistics facilities. We scaled up one-to-one assistance programs, and further improved economic and social policies and measures in Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces. 

We took faster steps toward building China into a strong maritime country, with construction beginning on demonstration zones for developing the marine economy. Many functional platforms, such as state-level new areas, airport economy demonstration zones, and experimental zones for integrated, complete reform, strengthened their ability to demonstrate and offer guidance on reform practices. Steady progress was made in the construction of experimental zones for development and opening up in major border areas, giving rise to a set of practices applicable to other areas.

二是重大區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略有力推進(jìn)。以疏解北京非首都功能為“牛鼻子”，推動(dòng)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展取得明顯進(jìn)展，河北雄安新區(qū)規(guī)劃綱要、支持河北雄安新區(qū)全面深化改革和擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)、河北雄安新區(qū)總體規(guī)劃（2018－2035年）出臺(tái)實(shí)施，北京城市副中心規(guī)劃建設(shè)提速，京雄城際鐵路開(kāi)工建設(shè)，北京大興國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)籌備工作全面推進(jìn)。長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶共抓大保護(hù)格局進(jìn)一步鞏固，國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃編制工作啟動(dòng)，“三水共治”、河湖清“四亂”專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，1361座非法碼頭專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治全面完成，長(zhǎng)江干流斷面水質(zhì)優(yōu)良比例明顯提高。綜合立體交通走廊建設(shè)加快推進(jìn)，沿江高鐵規(guī)劃建設(shè)、省際待貫通路段建設(shè)提速、長(zhǎng)江深水航道建設(shè)及干線(xiàn)港口鐵水聯(lián)運(yùn)取得積極進(jìn)展?；浉郯拇鬄硡^(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要發(fā)布實(shí)施，重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)全面啟動(dòng)，港珠澳大橋正式開(kāi)通運(yùn)營(yíng)，一系列便利港澳居民在內(nèi)地發(fā)展的政策舉措落地見(jiàn)效。支持海南全面深化改革開(kāi)放的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施。長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要啟動(dòng)編制。

2) Strong progress was recorded in implementing major regional development strategies. 

With the focus on relieving Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital, we made marked progress in promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The Plan for Xiongan New Area in Hebei, the Guidelines on Supporting Xiongan New Area in Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Opening up, and the General Plan for Xiongan New Area in Hebei (2018-2035) were unveiled for implementation. We sped up the development of the administrative center of Beijing Municipality, began construction on the Beijing-Xiongan Intercity Railway, and made progress on all fronts in building Beijing Daxing International Airport and preparing for its operation. 

On the Yangtze Economic Belt, the pattern of close coordination on environmental protection was consolidated. We began formulating a territorial space plan, and made solid progress in employing the three-fold approach of controlling water pollution, restoring water ecosystems, and conserving water resources and in addressing four kinds of behaviors detrimental to environmental protection on rivers and lakes. Rectification work was completed on 1,361 illegal wharves, and the cross-section water quality of the main stream of the Yangtze River improved significantly. Work on the integrated multidimensional transportation corridor was stepped up. We made good progress in planning and building a high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, accelerating work on the unfinished sections of inter-provincial expressways, constructing a deepwater channel on the Yangtze, and installing combined rail-water transportation facilities at ports along its main channel. 

We unveiled the Development Plan for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and initiated major construction projects across the board. The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened to traffic. Policies and measures to make it easier for Hong Kong and Macao residents to pursue development on the mainland came into effect and are producing positive results. 

We implemented the Guidelines on Supporting Hainan in Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Opening Up. Work began on drawing up a plan for integrated regional development of the Yangtze River Delta.

三是新型城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量有效提升。農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口進(jìn)城落戶(hù)更加便捷，大中城市落戶(hù)政策持續(xù)放寬，居住證制度全覆蓋目標(biāo)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)，全國(guó)常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)59.58%，戶(hù)籍人口城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)43.37%，比上年末分別提高1.06個(gè)百分點(diǎn)和1.02個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。一批跨?。▍^(qū)、市）城市群規(guī)劃出臺(tái)實(shí)施，各地城市群建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，現(xiàn)代化都市圈加快培育發(fā)展。

3) The quality of new urbanization was enhanced. 

Rural household registration holders living in urban areas can now obtain permanent urban residency with greater ease. Permanent residency policies continued to be loosened in large and medium-sized cities, and the residence card system was basically implemented in all cities. The percentage of permanent urban residents reached 59.58%, while the percentage of registered urban residents reached 43.37%, 1.06 and 1.02 percentage points above the figures at year-end 2017 respectively. A group of plans for trans-provincial city clusters were published, city clusters throughout the country showed strong development, and modern metropolitan areas grew rapidly.

（八）著力保障和改善民生，發(fā)展成果更多更公平惠及人民群眾。堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，緊緊圍繞人民群眾普遍關(guān)心的突出問(wèn)題，推動(dòng)一大批惠民舉措落細(xì)落實(shí)。

8. We focused on ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and saw they enjoyed more of the fruits of development in a fairer way.

Upholding our vision of people-centered development, we pushed for detailed and effective implementation of a whole raft of initiatives aimed at benefiting the people and addressing prominent problems of public concern.

一是穩(wěn)定就業(yè)有序推進(jìn)。做好當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期促進(jìn)就業(yè)工作的若干意見(jiàn)、推行終身職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度的意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施。公共就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)服務(wù)持續(xù)加強(qiáng)，援企穩(wěn)崗力度加大，支持農(nóng)民工等人員返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)試點(diǎn)工作持續(xù)推進(jìn)。高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃等深入實(shí)施。制定出臺(tái)推進(jìn)全方位公共就業(yè)服務(wù)指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+公共就業(yè)服務(wù)”全面推進(jìn)。人力資源市場(chǎng)暫行條例發(fā)布實(shí)施，人力資源市場(chǎng)體系逐步健全。

1) Well-planned steps were taken to keep employment stable. 

The Guidelines on Promoting Employment for the Present and Coming Period and the Guidelines on Implementing the Life-Long Vocational Skills Training System were promulgated. We enhanced public employment and business startup services, stepped up support for enterprises to keep employment stable, and continued the pilot projects to support rural migrant workers and others returning home to set up businesses. Programs to guide college graduates in finding jobs and starting businesses also continued. We formulated and unveiled the Guidelines on Providing Extensive Public Employment Services, and made impressive strides in instituting the Internet Plus Public Employment Services model. We introduced the Provisional Regulations on Human Resource Markets, thus opening the way for the gradual establishment of a robust HR market system.

二是社會(huì)保障制度日益完善。企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金中央調(diào)劑制度正式實(shí)施，城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇確定和基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金正常調(diào)整機(jī)制建立。統(tǒng)一社保費(fèi)征收管理機(jī)構(gòu)工作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，社保費(fèi)征收管理制度進(jìn)一步規(guī)范。整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度持續(xù)推進(jìn)。養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)覆蓋人數(shù)已超過(guò)9.42億人，基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)覆蓋人數(shù)已超過(guò)13.44億人。國(guó)家跨省異地就醫(yī)結(jié)算平臺(tái)進(jìn)一步完善，跨省定點(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)縣級(jí)行政區(qū)全覆蓋，外出農(nóng)民工、外來(lái)就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)人員全部納入覆蓋范圍，異地就醫(yī)直接結(jié)算累計(jì)達(dá)152.6萬(wàn)人次。生育保險(xiǎn)與職工醫(yī)保合并實(shí)施試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)“保生活、防失業(yè)、促就業(yè)”功能不斷完善。農(nóng)民工參加工傷保險(xiǎn)政策進(jìn)一步健全。低保制度不斷完善，城鄉(xiāng)低保實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋且保障水平持續(xù)提高。退役士兵就業(yè)安置進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)，帶病回鄉(xiāng)退伍軍人、參戰(zhàn)參試退役人員等優(yōu)撫對(duì)象生活補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高。社會(huì)福利服務(wù)體系建設(shè)加強(qiáng)，社會(huì)救助綜合改革試點(diǎn)有序開(kāi)展。城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程建設(shè)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)，城鎮(zhèn)棚戶(hù)區(qū)住房改造開(kāi)工達(dá)626萬(wàn)套，公租房新增分配100萬(wàn)套，大中城市住房租賃市場(chǎng)加快培育。農(nóng)村危房改造190萬(wàn)戶(hù)。

2) Improvements were made to the social security system on a continuing basis. 

The central regulation system for enterprise employees' basic old-age insurance funds formally came into operation. Mechanisms were established to set standards on benefits for rural and non-working urban residents under the basic old-age insurance scheme and to allow for regular adjustment of their basic pension benefits. Steady strides were made in bringing the tasks of collecting and managing social insurance premiums under the remit of a single agency, and regulation in this area was further improved. We continued to make progress in aligning basic medical insurance schemes for rural residents and non-working urban residents. In total, more than 942 million people are now covered by basic old-age insurance schemes, and over 1.344 billion people are covered by basic medical insurance plans. 

We improved the national platform for trans-provincial settlement of medical bills through basic medical insurance accounts. We have ensured there are hospitals designated for trans-provincial settlement in all county-level administrative areas, and have seen that rural migrant workers and other workers and business owners without local residency have been incorporated into the platform. The total number of trans-provincial on-the-spot settlements has reached 1.526 million. 

Smooth progress was made in the pilot program in integrating maternity insurance and basic medical insurance for urban workers. Unemployment insurance functioned more effectively in terms of ensuring basic living standards, preventing job losses, and promoting employment. Improvements were made to the policies regarding rural migrant workers' participation in workers' compensation schemes. The subsistence allowance system continued to improve as we achieved full coverage for urban and rural residents and ensured continuous improvements in allowance standards. 

More was done to assist demobilized military personnel in finding employment, and living allowances were raised for demobilized personnel with illness, for war and nuclear-test veterans, and for other entitled groups. The social welfare services system was strengthened, and trials for integrated reforms in social assistance were pushed forward. Steady progress was made in the construction of government-subsidized housing in urban areas, and renovations began on 6.26 million units of housing in run-down urban areas, and an additional 1 million units of public-rented housing were allocated. The housing rental market developed rapidly in large and medium-sized cities. A total of 1.9 million dilapidated houses in rural areas were renovated.

三是基本公共服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系加快構(gòu)建。建立健全基本公共服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)出臺(tái)實(shí)施，基本公共服務(wù)省級(jí)清單實(shí)現(xiàn)全覆蓋。教育現(xiàn)代化推進(jìn)、全民健康保障、文化旅游提升、公共體育普及、社會(huì)服務(wù)兜底五大公共服務(wù)工程大力推進(jìn)。九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率達(dá)94.2%，高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率達(dá)88.8%，財(cái)政性教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例繼續(xù)超過(guò)4%?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+醫(yī)療健康”快速發(fā)展，公立醫(yī)院綜合改革繼續(xù)深化，國(guó)家基本藥物制度進(jìn)一步完善，藥品集中采購(gòu)和使用試點(diǎn)穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)，境外上市新藥審評(píng)審批加快，進(jìn)口抗癌藥全部實(shí)現(xiàn)零關(guān)稅，17種抗癌藥大幅降價(jià)并納入醫(yī)保報(bào)銷(xiāo)目錄，疫苗藥品安全問(wèn)題加快解決。每千人口醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)床位數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)6.05張。加強(qiáng)文物保護(hù)利用改革的若干意見(jiàn)印發(fā)實(shí)施，各類(lèi)遺產(chǎn)資源保護(hù)狀態(tài)得到有效改善。大運(yùn)河文化保護(hù)傳承利用規(guī)劃綱要編制完成。公共文化設(shè)施免費(fèi)開(kāi)放工作持續(xù)開(kāi)展，百萬(wàn)公里健身步道工程實(shí)施方案出臺(tái)，新增體育場(chǎng)地8.2萬(wàn)個(gè)。社會(huì)兜底保障加強(qiáng)，困難殘疾人生活補(bǔ)貼制度惠及940萬(wàn)人，1164萬(wàn)重度殘疾人享受護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼。孤兒保障制度惠及39.8萬(wàn)孤兒，為全國(guó)殘疾孤兒實(shí)施醫(yī)療康復(fù)。持續(xù)開(kāi)展孕期優(yōu)生優(yōu)育服務(wù)，婦女關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)體系不斷健全。公共法律服務(wù)體系繼續(xù)完善。全年出生人口1523萬(wàn)人，年末總?cè)丝谶_(dá)13.95億人，人口自然增長(zhǎng)率為3.81‰。

3) Development of a system of standards for basic public services progressed quickly. 

The Guidelines on Establishing a Sound System of Standards for Basic Public Services were unveiled, and all provincial-level governments released basic public service lists. Strong progress was made in the five major public service categories of modernizing education, ensuring a healthy population, elevating culture and tourism, promoting fitness among the public, and providing social services for groups that are most in need. 

The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education hit 94.2%, and the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 88.8%. Government spending on education as a percentage of GDP remained above 4%. 

We made rapid progress in developing the Internet Plus Medical and Healthcare model, and stepped up the comprehensive public hospital reform. The national system of essential medicines was improved. Trials for centralizing the procurement and use of medicines made steady progress, and the time it takes to assess and approve new drugs coming into the Chinese market was cut. A zero-tariff policy was applied to all imported cancer treatment drugs, while 17 types of cancer treatment drugs were made available at much lower prices and their costs can now be reimbursed through medical insurance. More measures were quickly taken to address problems pertaining to the safety of vaccines and medicines. The number of beds in medical and healthcare institutions is predicted to have reached 6.05 per 1,000 people. 

The Guidelines on the Reform to Better Protect Cultural Relics and Put Them to Better Use were published, and the protection for cultural heritage of all types markedly improved. The Plan for Protecting, Passing On, and Utilizing Grand Canal Culture was drawn up. We continued working to offer free access to more public cultural facilities, unveiled an implementation plan for the initiative to build one million kilometers of fitness walkways, and opened 82,000 new sports venues. 

We strengthened social security programs to meet basic needs. A total of 9.4 million people with disabilities facing financial difficulties received living allowances, and 11.64 million people with serious disabilities received nursing care subsidies. Around 398,000 children benefited from the subsistence allowance system for orphans, and medical rehabilitation services were provided to orphaned children with disabilities around the country. Better pre- and post-natal care services were ensured, and the support and care system for women was improved. The public legal service system also continued to improve. A total of 15.23 million babies were born in 2018, bringing the total population at year end to 1.395 billion. The natural population growth rate was 3.81‰.

總的來(lái)看，2018年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)較好完成，三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)開(kāi)局良好，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革深入推進(jìn)，改革開(kāi)放力度加大，人民生活持續(xù)改善，保持了經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定，朝著實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)的目標(biāo)邁出了新的步伐。在極為錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)下，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得這樣的成績(jī)來(lái)之不易，需要倍加珍惜。這是以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央舉旗定向、謀篇布局、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想全面引領(lǐng)、科學(xué)指導(dǎo)、成功實(shí)踐的結(jié)果，是全黨全國(guó)各族人民團(tuán)結(jié)一心、砥礪前行、真抓實(shí)干的結(jié)果。

Overall, the main targets and tasks in economic and social development for 2018 were well accomplished. We got off to a good start in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution, continued driving forward supply-side structural reform, and elevated the intensity of reform and opening up. Living standards continued rising; economic development was kept on a stable, sound track; overall social stability was maintained, and we took fresh strides toward completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. 

Given the extreme complexity of the domestic and international contexts, these achievements were not easily attained, and it is important to fully recognize their value. They are the result of the guiding principles and strategies, well-crafted plans and arrangements, and strong leadership provided by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core; the result of the overall vision, sound guidance, and successful practices offered by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; and the result of the strong unity, firmness of purpose, and pragmatic and persistent efforts of the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

從2018年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展情況看，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、就業(yè)、價(jià)格總水平、國(guó)際收支平衡等主要指標(biāo)保持在合理區(qū)間，創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)、資源節(jié)約、生態(tài)保護(hù)、社會(huì)保障等反映高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的指標(biāo)進(jìn)一步改善，19個(gè)約束性指標(biāo)中，18個(gè)指標(biāo)完成全年目標(biāo)，萬(wàn)元國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值用水量下降指標(biāo)完成情況與全年目標(biāo)存在差距。該指標(biāo)2018年計(jì)劃目標(biāo)為下降5.2%，初步統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)為下降5.1%，低于計(jì)劃目標(biāo)0.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。主要原因是，2018年全國(guó)降水量下降使得地表水資源總量減少約800億立方米，部分地區(qū)受干旱影響，農(nóng)業(yè)從河流抽取的灌溉用水量增加；南水北調(diào)工程向華北地區(qū)進(jìn)行生態(tài)補(bǔ)水，全國(guó)生態(tài)用水量較2017年有較大增加，綜合因素使得萬(wàn)元國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值用水量降幅低于全年目標(biāo)0.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

From an economic and social development standpoint, the major indicators, such as economic growth, employment, the CPI, and the balance of payments, all remained within an appropriate range in 2018, while there were further improvements for indicators that reflect the quality of development, such as innovation capacity, resource conservation, environmental protection, and social security. 

Of the 19 indicators with obligatory annual targets, 18 met their targets, while there was a discrepancy between the projected target for water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP and the actual performance. The target for 2018 was a 5.2% decrease; however, according to preliminary statistics, the actual decrease was 5.1%, 0.1 percentage point lower than the targeted figure. The main reasons for this are as follows: Due to a drop in annual precipitation in 2018, China's total surface water resources decreased by 80 billion cubic meters, and more water was drawn from rivers used for agricultural irrigation in some drought-affected regions. As water ecosystems in northern China were replenished with water from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China's water consumption for ecological purposes increased significantly compared with 2017. All these factors resulted in the above 0.1-percentage-point discrepancy.

46個(gè)預(yù)期性指標(biāo)中，44個(gè)指標(biāo)運(yùn)行情況符合或好于年度預(yù)期目標(biāo)，但社會(huì)融資規(guī)模存量增長(zhǎng)率和城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入指標(biāo)實(shí)際運(yùn)行值與預(yù)期值存在一定差距。關(guān)于社會(huì)融資規(guī)模存量增長(zhǎng)率，該指標(biāo)2018年預(yù)期目標(biāo)為“與2017年實(shí)際增速基本持平”，2017年末社會(huì)融資規(guī)模存量增長(zhǎng)13.4%，2018年末實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)9.8%，與預(yù)期目標(biāo)存在一定差距。為了給供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革營(yíng)造適宜的貨幣金融環(huán)境，在對(duì)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)提供穩(wěn)定融資支持的同時(shí)，主動(dòng)采取了規(guī)范地方政府隱性債務(wù)以及合理控制投向房地產(chǎn)、環(huán)評(píng)不達(dá)標(biāo)企業(yè)、產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩等領(lǐng)域的資金和抑制資金脫實(shí)向虛、減少資金空轉(zhuǎn)等措施，社會(huì)融資規(guī)模存量增長(zhǎng)率雖低于預(yù)期目標(biāo)，但與名義GDP增長(zhǎng)基本匹配。關(guān)于城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入增速，該指標(biāo)2018年預(yù)期目標(biāo)為“與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)基本同步”，2018年GDP增長(zhǎng)6.6%，城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)5.6%，與預(yù)期目標(biāo)存在一定差距。主要是受經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大、實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是小微企業(yè)困難增多、部分行業(yè)企業(yè)利潤(rùn)有所下滑等影響，工資性收入等增長(zhǎng)放緩，使得全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入增速低于預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

Out of the 46 indicators with anticipatory targets, 44 either met or surpassed targets. The actual growth of aggregate financing in the economy and per capita disposable income of urban residents fell somewhat short of the targets. 

The growth of aggregate financing for 2018 was targeted to be roughly in line with the previous year's actual growth rate. With growth in real terms of 13.4% at the end of 2017, the 9.8% figure at the end of 2018 was short of expectations. The reasons for this are as follows: To create a favorable monetary and financial environment for supply-side structural reform, we took measures to regulate the hidden debts of local governments and to appropriately control the flow of funds to the real estate sector, to enterprises that failed environmental impact assessments, and to industries with overcapacity. We also sought to prevent funds from being diverted out of the real economy and from circulating solely within the financial sector. At the same time, we continued ensuring stable financing support for the real economy. The growth of aggregate financing for the year fell short of the anticipatory target, but it was still basically in keeping with GDP growth in nominal terms.

Urban per capita disposable income in 2018 was targeted to stay largely in step with economic growth. GDP growth in 2018 was 6.6%, and urban per capita disposable income increased by 5.6% in real terms, lower than the anticipatory target. This can be attributed to the increasing downward pressure on the economy, more difficulties in the real economy, especially for small and micro enterprises, a decline in the profits of enterprises in some sectors, and slower growth of salary-based incomes. 

同時(shí)，我們也清醒認(rèn)識(shí)到，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中有進(jìn)，但穩(wěn)中有變、變中有憂(yōu)。從國(guó)際形勢(shì)看，世界大變局加速深刻演變，全球動(dòng)蕩源和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)增多，我國(guó)外部環(huán)境復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)雖有望延續(xù)復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢(shì)，但保護(hù)主義、單邊主義加劇，主要發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體貨幣政策調(diào)整的外溢效應(yīng)持續(xù)顯現(xiàn)，部分新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增多，國(guó)際大宗商品價(jià)格波動(dòng)加劇，地緣政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)累積發(fā)酵，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易增速趨緩。從國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)看，一是經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨下行壓力。內(nèi)需增長(zhǎng)放緩，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)等領(lǐng)域投資保持平穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)的難度加大。受居民增收困難較多、汽車(chē)等傳統(tǒng)消費(fèi)放緩等因素影響，消費(fèi)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。二是農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)仍然薄弱。農(nóng)業(yè)科技水平仍待提升，農(nóng)村基本公共服務(wù)供給和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)仍然滯后，農(nóng)民增收渠道有待拓寬。三是實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨困難增多。民營(yíng)企業(yè)特別是小微企業(yè)融資難融資貴問(wèn)題尚未有效解決，存在對(duì)民營(yíng)企業(yè)惜貸壓貸甚至直接抽貸斷貸的現(xiàn)象，能源、原材料、人工、用地等成本較高，企業(yè)盈利空間受到擠壓。營(yíng)商環(huán)境有待進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)機(jī)制尚不完善，產(chǎn)權(quán)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)仍不充分，親清新型政商關(guān)系仍不健全。四是高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的短板制約仍待突破。重大原創(chuàng)性科技成果不多，一些關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)受制于人，科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化效率不高。產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)還需進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，發(fā)展新動(dòng)能仍然不足。部分地區(qū)能源資源約束趨緊，生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題依然突出。五是區(qū)域分化態(tài)勢(shì)仍在持續(xù)。中西部一些地區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整難度較大，一些地區(qū)要素吸引力較弱，人才等優(yōu)質(zhì)要素資源外流比較嚴(yán)重，發(fā)展困難可能會(huì)增加。六是重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險(xiǎn)壓力較大。外部環(huán)境不確定性可能通過(guò)貿(mào)易、跨境資本流動(dòng)、大宗商品市場(chǎng)等渠道，加大我國(guó)輸入性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，國(guó)內(nèi)股市、債市、匯市、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融和房地產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患不容忽視。七是社會(huì)民生領(lǐng)域還存在不少問(wèn)題挑戰(zhàn)。部分省份就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾顯現(xiàn)，居民持續(xù)增收制約因素增多，教育、醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老等公共服務(wù)供給不足，人口老齡化程度不斷加深。同時(shí)，我們?cè)诠ぷ髦羞€存在一些不足，有的政策制定的前瞻性、針對(duì)性、有效性還不夠，沒(méi)有充分考慮企業(yè)的適應(yīng)程度問(wèn)題；有的政策部門(mén)間統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)有待加強(qiáng)，有的改革舉措和政策落實(shí)效果不彰，有的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)規(guī)劃和項(xiàng)目建設(shè)需要及時(shí)啟動(dòng)；有的地方在政策執(zhí)行過(guò)程中存在簡(jiǎn)單化、“一刀切”的問(wèn)題。

Recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware that although the performance of the economy is stable and improving, this stability is punctuated by changes, some of which give cause for concern. 

From an international standpoint, we are facing major changes that are deepening and evolving at a faster pace, and the sources of disruption and risk are increasing. These factors make for a complicated and grave external environment for China. Continued recovery of the global economy can be expected. But protectionism and unilateralism are intensifying, the spillover effects of monetary policy adjustments by major developed economies are becoming more evident, and some emerging economies are facing greater risks. The prices of major commodities are fluctuating sharply, geopolitical risks are building, and world economic and trade growth are slackening. 

Domestically, there are also unfavorable factors. First, China's economy still faces downward pressure. Slowing domestic demand growth is making it harder to sustain steady investment growth in the three major areas of infrastructure, manufacturing, and real estate development. We also face challenges in ensuring steady growth in consumer spending due to the many difficulties in increasing personal income, and softer growth in traditional forms of consumption like purchases of automobiles. 

Second, the foundation of agriculture and rural infrastructure remain weak. The level of agricultural technologies needs to be improved, basic public services and infrastructure construction lag behind in rural areas, and broader channels need to be developed for rural residents to increase their incomes. 

Third, the real economy faces mounting difficulties. Private companies are still finding it both tough and expensive to access financing, particularly small and micro companies. There is also some reluctance to lend to private companies and there are cases of loans being withheld, withdrawn, or cancelled. Enterprise profits are being squeezed by the rising costs of energy, raw materials, labor, and land use. The business environment requires further improvement. Flaws still exist in the market mechanisms for ensuring fair competition, more protection is needed for property and intellectual property rights, and there is still work to be done in building a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business. 

Fourth, points of weakness affecting high-quality development need to be addressed. We produce a low number of major original scientific and technological outputs, rely too much on others for key and core technologies in certain fields, and perform poorly in putting scientific and technological achievements into practical application. Our industrial structure needs further improvement, and stronger growth drivers need to be fostered. In certain localities, energy and resource constraints are tightening and ecological and environmental problems are still grave. 

Fifth, regional disparities continue to grow. Some localities in the central and western regions face grave difficulties in making structural adjustments, while other areas do not hold enough appeal to keep factors of production, leading to a serious outflow of talent and other high-quality factors. These issues have the potential to exacerbate the development problems of these areas. 

Sixth, potential risks in key areas are grave. External uncertainties have the potential to intensify the inflow of risks into China through trade, cross-border capital flows, and commodity markets. Meanwhile, risks at home in the stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets, in internet finance, and in real estate cannot be overlooked. 

Seventh, there are many problems and challenges affecting the people's wellbeing. Structural employment problems have emerged in some provinces, and the factors hindering personal income growth are increasing. There is insufficient supply in education, healthcare, elderly, and other public services, and the problem of population aging is becoming more serious. 

Shortcomings can also be identified in our own work. Some of our policies are not as forward-looking, targeted, or effective as they need to be, and they fail to fully take into account the adjustments they impose on enterprises. Coordination between some government departments needs to be strengthened to ensure effective implementation of reform measures and policies and to see that special plans and projects are launched promptly. And some localities tend to implement policies in an oversimplified or one-size-fits-all fashion. 

對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，我們將高度重視，既要增強(qiáng)憂(yōu)患意識(shí)、堅(jiān)持底線(xiàn)思維，抓住主要矛盾，有針對(duì)性地加以解決，有效防范各類(lèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)連鎖聯(lián)動(dòng)、疊加傳導(dǎo)；又要緊扣社會(huì)主要矛盾的變化，全面用好我國(guó)發(fā)展的重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇期，保持戰(zhàn)略定力、堅(jiān)定必勝信心，化挑戰(zhàn)為機(jī)遇、變壓力為動(dòng)力，加快推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

These are issues that we must take very seriously. In responding to them, we will raise our awareness of potential dangers, remain mindful of worst-case scenarios, focus on prominent problems, and take targeted measures that deliver solutions and effectively prevent risks from coalescing into chain reactions and causing ripple effects. We will respond to the change in the principal contradiction in Chinese society and take full advantage of the important period of strategic opportunity for China's development. We will maintain strategic focus, firm up our confidence of success, and turn challenges into opportunities and pressure into motivation, in order to spur high-quality economic development.

二、2019年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展總體要求、主要目標(biāo)和政策取向

II. General Requirements, Main Targets, and Policy Direction for Economic and Social Development in 2019

2019年是新中國(guó)成立70周年，是全面建成小康社會(huì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵之年，做好經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展工作至關(guān)重要。

The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is a crucial year for bringing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects to a successful completion and thus realizing our first Centenary Goal. Therefore it is of great importance that we accomplish all economic and social development work for the year.

（一）總體要求。

1. General Requirements 

2019年，要在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中全會(huì)精神，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅(jiān)持新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅(jiān)持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線(xiàn)，堅(jiān)持深化市場(chǎng)化改革、擴(kuò)大高水平開(kāi)放，加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，繼續(xù)打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)，著力激發(fā)微觀主體活力，創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、保穩(wěn)定工作，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期，提振市場(chǎng)信心，增強(qiáng)人民群眾獲得感、幸福感、安全感，保持經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和社會(huì)大局穩(wěn)定，為全面建成小康社會(huì)收官打下決定性基礎(chǔ)，以?xún)?yōu)異成績(jī)慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年。

In 2019, we must follow the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee, and coordinate efforts to pursue the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy. 

We must stay committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, to the new development philosophy, and to promoting high-quality development. Keeping supply-side structural reform as our main task, we must deepen market-based reforms, expand high-standard opening up, and speed up our efforts to develop a modernized economy. 

We need to ensure continued success in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution and, with strong moves, unlock the vitality of our micro entities. We need to develop new and improved approaches to macro regulation, and take coordinated steps to achieve steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, guard against risk, and ensure stability. We must keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range and work to ensure stability in employment, financial operations, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. 

We need to bolster market confidence, see that our people feel more satisfied, happier, and more secure, and ensure sustained, healthy economic development and overall social stability. In meeting these requirements, we will lay a decisive foundation for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China with outstanding achievements.

在具體工作中，必須牢牢把握中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議精神，深刻把握重要戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇新內(nèi)涵，切實(shí)做到“五個(gè)堅(jiān)定不移”。一是堅(jiān)定不移以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線(xiàn)。更多采取改革的辦法，更多運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)化、法治化手段，在“鞏固、增強(qiáng)、提升、暢通”八個(gè)字上下功夫，著力提高供給體系質(zhì)量。二是堅(jiān)定不移推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。有效發(fā)揮高質(zhì)量發(fā)展指標(biāo)體系的導(dǎo)向作用，加快建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，加大實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略力度，深入推進(jìn)軍民融合發(fā)展，扎扎實(shí)實(shí)抓好政策落實(shí)，久久為功增強(qiáng)發(fā)展韌性。三是堅(jiān)定不移促進(jìn)形成強(qiáng)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。緊扣社會(huì)主要矛盾變化，通過(guò)扎實(shí)推進(jìn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，不斷釋放和滿(mǎn)足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求，促進(jìn)提升中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展?jié)摿Γ苿?dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。四是堅(jiān)定不移打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。著眼全面建成小康社會(huì)全局目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持底線(xiàn)思維，抓住主要矛盾，精準(zhǔn)施策，攻堅(jiān)克難，確保如期完成任務(wù)，切實(shí)增強(qiáng)群眾獲得感。五是堅(jiān)定不移深化市場(chǎng)化改革擴(kuò)大高水平開(kāi)放。制定出臺(tái)實(shí)施一批既利當(dāng)前、更利長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的改革開(kāi)放舉措，大力增強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)主體活力，充分調(diào)動(dòng)社會(huì)各方面積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性。

In undertaking specific work, we must keep firmly in mind the guiding principles from the Central Economic Work Conference, grasp the significance of the current important period of strategic opportunity, and remain committed to the following five missions: 

First, pursuing supply-side structural reform as our main task. We need to implement more reforms and employ more approaches consistent with market principles and the rule of law. We must work hard to consolidate the gains made in the five priority tasks, to strengthen the dynamism of micro entities, to upgrade industrial chains, and to ensure unimpeded flows in the economy. These efforts would help boost the quality of our supply systems. 

Second, promoting high-quality development. We should employ a complete set of indicators to provide guidance on high-quality development, move faster to develop a modernized economy, step up implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, and extensively promote military-civilian integration. We will take concrete steps to ensure policies get implemented, and commit to persistent efforts to boost the resilience of development. 

Third, developing a strong domestic market. Responding to the change in the principal contradiction facing Chinese society, we should strive for strong progress in high-quality development and deepen supply-side structural reform to keep unlocking and meeting demand in the domestic market. We also need to increase the potential for development over the medium- and long-term to promote healthy and sustainable economic development.

Fourth, fighting the battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution. Staying focused on the overall objective of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we need to be prepared for worst-case scenarios, identify key problems, adopt targeted policies, and tackle major difficulties to ensure all tasks are accomplished on schedule and bring a stronger sense of fulfillment to our people. 

Fifth, furthering market-based reforms and expanding high-standard opening up. We need to devise a series of reform and opening up measures that are good for the near term and even better in the long run. We need to work on boosting the vitality of market entities and give full play to the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of all sectors of society.

同時(shí)，著力把握好三個(gè)關(guān)系。一是統(tǒng)籌好國(guó)內(nèi)與國(guó)際的關(guān)系，既重視應(yīng)對(duì)外部變化，更注重立足國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展，敢于應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，善于化危為機(jī)，著力辦好自己的事，穩(wěn)妥有序解決好國(guó)內(nèi)長(zhǎng)期積累的體制性結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾；二是平衡好穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)與防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)系，在穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展中應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)、化解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，繼續(xù)保持宏觀政策的連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性，把握好防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的節(jié)奏和力度，避免形成不利于穩(wěn)預(yù)期、穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的疊加效應(yīng)，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間；三是處理好政府與市場(chǎng)的關(guān)系，更多運(yùn)用改革創(chuàng)新的辦法發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，增強(qiáng)宏觀政策的穩(wěn)定性、有效性，進(jìn)一步激發(fā)微觀主體活力、增強(qiáng)內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。

While fulfilling the above missions, we also need to properly balance the following three relationships. 

The first relationship is that between domestic and international imperatives. We should put a strong emphasis on responding to changes in the external environment, but more importantly, we need to focus on domestic development. We need to face challenges squarely, skillfully turn risks into opportunities, and put our own house in order by solving longstanding institutional and structural problems in a prudent and systematic fashion. The second is that between maintaining steady growth and preventing risks. We need to address challenges and defuse risks while working to keep growth steady and promote high-quality development. We need to maintain the continuity and stability of our macro policies, keep the right pace and intensity in preventing risks, and avoid the building of cumulative effects that are detrimental to keeping expectations stable, maintaining steady growth, and making structural adjustments, to ensure the economy operates within an appropriate range. The third is that between the government and the market. We need to make more use of reform and innovation to ensure the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and the government better fulfills its role. While keeping macro policies more stable and effective, we need to further energize micro entities and boost the internal forces driving economic growth.

（二）主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)。

2. Main Targets 

按照上述總體要求和工作思路，綜合考慮需要和可能，提出2019年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)：

Keeping in mind the above general requirements and considerations, we have set the following targets for economic and social development for 2019 on the basis of what is necessary and what is possible.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)保持在合理區(qū)間。國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)為6%－6.5%。主要考慮：一是充分估計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行中的不穩(wěn)定不確定因素，按照實(shí)事求是的原則，適當(dāng)調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)增速的季節(jié)波動(dòng)，采用區(qū)間式預(yù)期目標(biāo)增加彈性。二是保持合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度，目的是滿(mǎn)足新增就業(yè)的需要，并為推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革、打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)提供必要的宏觀環(huán)境，有利于穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。三是這一預(yù)期目標(biāo)與當(dāng)前我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)潛力相符，與今年一、二、三次產(chǎn)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期目標(biāo)相匹配，三次產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)可以為經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長(zhǎng)提供有力支撐。

Economic growth within an appropriate range

The projected target for GDP growth is 6%-6.5%. In making this projection, we have taken the following into account. First, taking a pragmatic approach, we have made a moderate adjustment to our projection on the basis of a thorough assessment of destabilizing factors and uncertainties affecting the economic performance. Further, taking account of seasonal fluctuations in economic growth, we have adopted a range-based projection to increase elasticity. Second, we need to maintain an appropriate pace of growth to meet the needs for job creation and provide the necessary macro environment for promoting high-quality development, advancing supply-side structural reform, and progressing the three critical battles. This projection also helps keep market expectations stable. Third, this target is consistent with the growth potential of the Chinese economy at present as well as our growth forecasts for the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Steady increases in all three industries would ensure a strong underpinning for a medium-high growth rate.

——經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益不斷提升。著力鞏固“三去一降一補(bǔ)”成果，宏觀杠桿率基本穩(wěn)定，財(cái)政金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有效防控；全員勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)6.3%，科技進(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)到59.2%，研究與試驗(yàn)發(fā)展經(jīng)費(fèi)投入強(qiáng)度達(dá)到2.2%；全國(guó)常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)到60.6%，戶(hù)籍人口城鎮(zhèn)化率達(dá)到44.4%；生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)一步改善，細(xì)顆粒物（PM2.5）未達(dá)標(biāo)地級(jí)及以上城市濃度下降2%，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗降低3%左右，單位國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放量下降3.6%左右，主要污染物排放量繼續(xù)下降；城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)基本同步，社會(huì)保障覆蓋面進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，教育、衛(wèi)生、文化、養(yǎng)老等基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平進(jìn)一步提高。更加重視這些反映質(zhì)量、效益和結(jié)構(gòu)的指標(biāo)，主要考慮是堅(jiān)持新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，按照質(zhì)量第一、效益優(yōu)先的原則，更好體現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展在供給、需求、投入產(chǎn)出、分配、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)等方面的特征，不斷提高人民群眾的獲得感和幸福感。

Consistent improvements in the quality and effect of development

We will work hard to build on the progress made in the five priority tasks and keep the macro leverage ratio basically stable and fiscal and financial risks under control. We have set the following targets: Per capita labor productivity will grow by 6.3%, the contribution of scientific and technological advances to economic growth will reach 59.2%, and R&D spending as a percentage of GDP will rise to 2.2%. The urban population will account for 60.6% of the total as measured by permanent urban residents and 44.4% as measured by registered urban residents. 

The environment will see further improvements. PM2.5 concentrations will drop by 2% in cities at and above prefecture level that fell short of the national PM2.5 standards, energy consumption per unit of GDP will decrease by about 3%, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will fall by about 3.6%, and emissions of major pollutants will continue to decline. Increases in urban and rural personal income will be basically on par with economic growth, the social safety net will cover more people, and access to educational, health, cultural, elderly care, and other basic public services will be made more equitable. 

In giving greater weight to these indicators, which reflect the quality and effect of growth and the structural adjustments of the economy, we want to primarily ensure that we are acting on the new development philosophy, putting the vision of people-centered development into practice, and following the principle of giving priority to the quality and effect of growth. These steps will ensure high-quality development is more evident in areas like supply and demand, inputs and outputs, income distribution, and the macroeconomic cycle, and that people enjoy a stronger sense of satisfaction and happiness.

——就業(yè)形勢(shì)總體穩(wěn)定。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)預(yù)期目標(biāo)為1100萬(wàn)人以上；全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率和城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率預(yù)期目標(biāo)分別為5.5%左右和4.5%以?xún)?nèi)。關(guān)于城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)總量：既包含了2019年新成長(zhǎng)勞動(dòng)力在城鎮(zhèn)的就業(yè)需求，也為去產(chǎn)能職工安置、失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)留有一定空間。從經(jīng)濟(jì)基本面和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)對(duì)就業(yè)的吸納能力看，6%－6.5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)新增就業(yè)崗位目標(biāo)。關(guān)于失業(yè)率：將全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率控制在5.5%左右，主要是考慮到進(jìn)出口國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境不確定影響和高校畢業(yè)生增加等因素，較好體現(xiàn)穩(wěn)就業(yè)的決心以及實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先、強(qiáng)化就業(yè)保障的政策導(dǎo)向。從全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率看，近年來(lái)一直保持在4%左右，按4.5%以?xún)?nèi)考慮，主要是考慮到數(shù)據(jù)的季節(jié)性波動(dòng)，適當(dāng)留有余地。同時(shí)，從全年來(lái)看，爭(zhēng)取更好結(jié)果，把失業(yè)率控制在相對(duì)較低水平。

Overall stability in employment

This year's target for urban job creation is above 11 million, and the targets for the survey-based and registered urban unemployment rates are about 5.5% and below 4.5%, respectively. The target for urban job creation takes into account new entrants to the workforce in 2019, and allows leeway for arrangements to be made for workers displaced due to overcapacity cuts, workers returning to the workforce after unemployment, and rural residents moving into nonfarm jobs. Given our economic fundamentals and the capacity of economic growth to create jobs, GDP growth of 6%-6.5% should enable us to achieve this year's employment target. Regarding the jobless rate, the survey-based target of about 5.5% takes account of the impact of uncertainties in the international economic environment on imports and exports and the increase in the number of college graduates this year. This target is also a reflection of our determination to keep employment stable and our policy orientation toward prioritizing employment and bolstering job security. The registered urban unemployment rate has held steady around 4% in recent years. In setting the target at below 4.5% this year, we have made allowances for seasonal data fluctuations. However, we will strive for better results over the year to keep the jobless rate at a relatively low level.

——價(jià)格總水平基本穩(wěn)定。居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格漲幅預(yù)期目標(biāo)為3%左右。主要考慮：從翹尾因素看，2019年居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格中的翹尾因素約為0.7個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。從新漲價(jià)因素看，受非洲豬瘟疫情等影響，一些食品價(jià)格可能上漲；服務(wù)價(jià)格可能保持漲勢(shì)，進(jìn)口大宗商品價(jià)格上行的可能性依然存在。

Basic stability in the overall level of prices

The CPI is projected to rise by about 3%. This target takes the following into account. The carryover effect from last year's CPI increase is expected to be 0.7 percentage point. Under the influence of new factors, such as African swine fever, food prices may rise; the upward trend in service prices may persist, and the possibility of rising prices for imported commodities also remains.

——國(guó)際收支保持基本平衡。進(jìn)出口穩(wěn)中提質(zhì)。主要考慮：從必要性看，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)增多情況下，保持國(guó)際收支基本平衡和合理規(guī)模外匯儲(chǔ)備，有利于穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)金融和市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。從可行性看，2019年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)仍有望延續(xù)，我國(guó)將舉辦第二屆“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇和第二屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，都有利于進(jìn)出口穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)，考慮到單邊主義、貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)出口的影響，特別是中美經(jīng)貿(mào)摩擦的不確定性因素，要在穩(wěn)定外貿(mào)基本盤(pán)的前提下，促進(jìn)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、質(zhì)量提升。

A basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

For imports and exports, we have set a target of ensuring stability while improving quality. This target takes the following into consideration. In terms of what is necessary, as risks and challenges increase, a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments and a reasonable level of foreign exchange reserves will help ensure economic and financial stability and keep market expectations stable. In terms of what is possible, we believe that the predicted continuation of global economic and trade growth and China's hosting of the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and the second China International Import Expo can help achieve a steady increase in imports and exports. We will also promote improvements in the composition and quality of trade, under the condition that the overall state of foreign trade remains stable and with consideration to the impact of unilateralism and trade protectionism on China's imports and exports, particularly the uncertainties arising from economic and trade frictions between China and the United States.

（三）主要政策取向。

3. Main Policy Direction 

宏觀政策要強(qiáng)化逆周期調(diào)節(jié)，繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，適時(shí)預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)。結(jié)構(gòu)性政策要強(qiáng)化體制機(jī)制建設(shè)，堅(jiān)持向改革要?jiǎng)恿Γ罨瘒?guó)資國(guó)企、財(cái)稅金融、土地、市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、社會(huì)管理等領(lǐng)域改革。社會(huì)政策要強(qiáng)化兜底保障功能，實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策，確保群眾基本生活底線(xiàn)，寓管理于服務(wù)之中。

In macro policy, we will strengthen counter-cyclical regulation, continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and carry out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning as appropriate. In structural policy, we will strengthen institution building and look to reform to drive development, pushing for deeper reforms in state capital, SOE, fiscal, tax, and financial systems, land, market access, and social management. In social policy, we will guarantee the provision of social services to those most in need, implement a jobs first policy, ensure people's basic needs are met, and strengthen management in service delivery.

——積極的財(cái)政政策要加力提效。2019年財(cái)政赤字率擬按2.8%安排，比上年預(yù)算高0.2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；財(cái)政赤字2.76萬(wàn)億元，比上年預(yù)算增加3800億元；同時(shí)，較大幅度增加地方政府專(zhuān)項(xiàng)債券規(guī)模。實(shí)施更大規(guī)模的減稅降費(fèi)，深化增值稅改革、實(shí)質(zhì)性降低增值稅稅率，全面實(shí)施修改后的個(gè)人所得稅法及其實(shí)施條例，明顯降低企業(yè)社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。調(diào)整優(yōu)化財(cái)政支出結(jié)構(gòu)，一般性支出壓減5%以上、“三公”經(jīng)費(fèi)再壓減3%左右，切實(shí)保障重點(diǎn)支出，發(fā)揮好財(cái)政資金精準(zhǔn)補(bǔ)短板和民生兜底作用，增加對(duì)脫貧攻堅(jiān)、“三農(nóng)”、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、科技創(chuàng)新、生態(tài)環(huán)保、民生等領(lǐng)域投入。更好發(fā)揮轉(zhuǎn)移支付作用，繼續(xù)較大幅度增加中央對(duì)地方轉(zhuǎn)移支付，改革完善縣級(jí)基本財(cái)力保障機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)困難地區(qū)和基層政府?；久裆芰?。

Implementing a stronger and more effective proactive fiscal policy

The debt-to-GDP ratio for the year is projected to be 2.8%, which is 0.2 percentage point higher than the projection last year. The government deficit is set at 2.76 trillion yuan, 380 billion yuan more than last year's budgeted figure. Furthermore, we will considerably scale up special bonds for local governments. We will impose broader cuts on taxes and fees, deepen VAT reform, substantially lower VAT rates, fully implement the revised Law on Individual Income Tax and regulations on its implementation, and markedly reduce the burden of social insurance contributions on enterprises. 

We will adjust and improve the composition of government expenditures. General expenditures will be cut by over 5%, and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality will be cut by another 3%, while funding for key expenditures will be guaranteed. Government funds will be leveraged to strengthen points of weakness in a targeted way and to provide a safety net for those most in need, with more funding for poverty alleviation, agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and for structural adjustments, scientific and technological innovation, ecological conservation and environmental protection, and people's wellbeing. Giving better play to transfer payments, we will continue the large-scale increases in transfer payments to local governments, and reform and improve the mechanisms for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments to see that poor areas and local governments are better able to meet people's basic living needs.

——穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣（M2）和社會(huì)融資規(guī)模增速與國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值名義增速相匹配，與2018年實(shí)際增速基本持平，以更好滿(mǎn)足經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間的需要。靈活運(yùn)用多種貨幣政策工具組合，保持流動(dòng)性合理充裕和市場(chǎng)利率水平合理穩(wěn)定。改善貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)貨幣政策與金融監(jiān)管等協(xié)調(diào)配合，深化利率市場(chǎng)化改革，提高直接融資比重，有效緩解實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)特別是制造業(yè)企業(yè)和小微企業(yè)、民營(yíng)企業(yè)融資難融資貴問(wèn)題。進(jìn)一步完善匯率形成機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)人民幣匯率彈性，加強(qiáng)跨境資本流動(dòng)監(jiān)管，保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定。著力保持股市、債市、匯市穩(wěn)定并及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)異常波動(dòng)，防范化解金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。

Implementing a prudent monetary policy with an appropriate level of intensity

Aggregate financing and the M2 money supply in 2019 will keep pace with nominal GDP growth and be roughly in line with last year's real growth rates. This will ensure both indicators better satisfy the requirement of keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range. We will employ a combination of monetary policy tools with flexibility, maintain reasonable and ample liquidity, and keep market interest rates stable at an appropriate level. We will improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and ensure better coordination and support between monetary policy and financial regulation. We will move forward market-based interest rate reforms, increase the proportion of direct financing, and effectively ease problems in the real economy, especially for the manufacturing firms, small and micro businesses, and private enterprises that are finding it tough and expensive to access financing. 

With a view to further improving the RMB exchange rate regime, we will increase the exchange rate's flexibility, enhance oversight over cross-border capital flows, and ensure the RMB exchange rate stays generally stable at an adaptive, equilibrium level. Working hard to keep stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets stable, we will respond swiftly to any abnormal fluctuations and guard against and defuse financial risks and hidden dangers.

——就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策要全面發(fā)力。把穩(wěn)定和促進(jìn)就業(yè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)先目標(biāo)，完善就業(yè)促進(jìn)政策體系，更好發(fā)揮大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新對(duì)擴(kuò)大就業(yè)的支撐作用。促進(jìn)就業(yè)容量大的服務(wù)業(yè)和部分勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)、中小微企業(yè)更好發(fā)揮就業(yè)主渠道作用，促進(jìn)高校畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、下崗職工、農(nóng)民工等群體就業(yè)，大規(guī)模開(kāi)展職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)，加大對(duì)靈活就業(yè)、新就業(yè)形態(tài)的支持，加強(qiáng)全方位公共就業(yè)服務(wù)，努力在推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展中實(shí)現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量和更充分就業(yè)。

Implementing a jobs first policy with all-out efforts

Ensuring stability in employment and promoting job creation will be priorities in economic and social development. We will improve pro-employment policies and give better play to the crucial role of business startups and innovation initiatives in creating jobs. We will promote the development of some labor-intensive industries and the service sector, which provides large numbers of employment opportunities, and support private enterprises and medium, small, and micro businesses in creating more jobs. We will help college graduates, demobilized military personnel, laid-off workers, and rural migrant workers find employment, and launch large-scale vocational skills training initiatives. We will give more support to flexible and new forms of employment, provide better, all-round public employment services, and strive to see that, in the course of pursuing high-quality economic development, we also achieve higher-quality, fuller employment.

——強(qiáng)化政策統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)。進(jìn)一步做好頂層設(shè)計(jì)，增強(qiáng)政策的連續(xù)性、穩(wěn)定性和協(xié)同性，把握好政策出臺(tái)的時(shí)機(jī)和力度，發(fā)揮國(guó)家發(fā)展規(guī)劃的戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向作用，更加注重年度國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃與“十三五”規(guī)劃《綱要》實(shí)施的銜接，健全財(cái)政、貨幣、產(chǎn)業(yè)、區(qū)域等經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，探索建立宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策評(píng)估機(jī)制，防止出現(xiàn)政策不協(xié)調(diào)不配套，避免政策效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)負(fù)向疊加、反向?qū)_等情況。產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要堅(jiān)持普惠化、功能性，加強(qiáng)對(duì)優(yōu)化供給結(jié)構(gòu)、提高供給質(zhì)量的支持。強(qiáng)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策的基礎(chǔ)性地位，著眼于使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用和更好發(fā)揮政府作用，加強(qiáng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)審查和反壟斷、反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)法，規(guī)范政府行為，打破行政壟斷和地方保護(hù)，優(yōu)化和完善技術(shù)、環(huán)保、質(zhì)量、安全等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，降低市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入門(mén)檻，完善產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和市場(chǎng)退出制度，營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的制度環(huán)境，進(jìn)一步構(gòu)建和完善全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)，鼓勵(lì)中小企業(yè)加快成長(zhǎng)。區(qū)域政策要加快落實(shí)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，因地制宜、分類(lèi)指導(dǎo)，發(fā)揮比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，引導(dǎo)要素有序流動(dòng)，健全區(qū)域合作機(jī)制和市場(chǎng)一體化發(fā)展機(jī)制。加快構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制和政策體系。完善農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化政策體系，推動(dòng)農(nóng)民工及隨遷家屬平等享受城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)，在人口轉(zhuǎn)移和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)中激發(fā)內(nèi)需潛力。

Stepping up overall policy planning and coordination

We will further improve top-level design to make policies more consistent, more stable, and better coordinated and ensure we get the timing and intensity right when enacting policies. We will look to our national development plans for strategic guidance and put greater emphasis on aligning annual economic and social development plans with the 13th Five-Year Plan. We will enhance the mechanisms for coordinating fiscal, monetary, industrial, regional, and other economic policies and undertake explorations on establishing an evaluation mechanism for macroeconomic policy. With these efforts, we will avoid cases where policies are uncoordinated or lack supplementary instruments or where they adversely overlap or even clash with one another. 

We must keep industrial policy inclusive and functional and see it better supports efforts to improve the structure and quality of supply. We will strengthen the fundamental position of competition policies to ensure the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role. We will step up fair competition reviews and enforcement of anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition laws, standardize government conduct, and break administrative monopolies and local protectionism. We will refine standards for technology, environmental protection, quality, and safety, lower the market entry threshold, and improve the property rights system and the mechanisms for exiting the market. We will foster an institutional environment that facilitates fair competition, advance the development of a sound unified market nationwide, and encourage faster growth among small and medium enterprises. 

Our regional policy will focus on speeding up implementation of the coordinated regional development strategy. We will tailor policies to local conditions, provide category-specific guidance, and give play to local comparative strengths. We will encourage the orderly flow of production factors and improve the mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation and integrating markets. We will pick up the pace in developing institutions, mechanisms, and policies for integrated rural and urban development. We will improve the policies on granting permanent urban residency to people from rural areas, and work to ensure basic public services in cities are accessible to rural migrant workers and their families. All these efforts will see that we unlock potential domestic demand in the course of promoting urbanization and urban and rural development.

三、2019年國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃的主要任務(wù)

III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2019

2019年，要以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中全會(huì)精神，按照黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署，深入落實(shí)中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議精神和《政府工作報(bào)告》部署要求，著力做好八方面工作。

In 2019, we will continue following the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully apply the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. In line with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the principles of the Central Economic Work Conference, and the requirements of the Report on the Work of the Government, we will focus our work on the following eight areas.

（一）著力深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。按照“鞏固、增強(qiáng)、提升、暢通”八字方針，鞏固“三去一降一補(bǔ)”成果，增強(qiáng)微觀主體活力，提升產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈水平，暢通國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)，有效緩解企業(yè)困難，厚植實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展根基。

1. Deepening supply-side structural reform

We will follow a policy of consolidating the gains in the five priority tasks, strengthening the dynamism of micro entities, upgrading industrial chains, and ensure unimpeded flows in the economy. On this basis we will work with enterprises to effectively resolve their difficulties and firm up the foundation for developing the real economy.

一是推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。制定實(shí)施大力推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的部署方案，培育發(fā)展先進(jìn)制造業(yè)集群。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性去產(chǎn)能，健全各方面責(zé)任共擔(dān)和損失分擔(dān)機(jī)制，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)企業(yè)優(yōu)勝劣汰，加快處置“僵尸企業(yè)”，制定退出實(shí)施辦法。將降低企業(yè)杠桿率與企業(yè)兼并重組、產(chǎn)業(yè)整合有機(jī)結(jié)合，穩(wěn)妥做好去產(chǎn)能職工分流安置工作。

1) We will pursue high-quality development of manufacturing. 

We will formulate an implementation plan for promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing sector, and foster advanced manufacturing clusters. We will continue cutting overcapacity through structural adjustments and improve the mechanisms for sharing among all involved the responsibilities for making cuts and bearing the resulting losses. We will steadily promote competition so that only the fittest enterprises survive, and move faster to deal with "zombie enterprises." Implementation plans on phasing out overcapacity will be introduced. 

We will adopt a joined-up approach to lowering enterprise leverage ratios, merging and reorganizing enterprises, and integrating industries. Appropriate measures will be taken to assist workers displaced due to overcapacity cuts. 

二是推進(jìn)先進(jìn)制造業(yè)與現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)深度融合。出臺(tái)實(shí)施深化新一代信息技術(shù)與制造業(yè)融合發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，推動(dòng)工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展與智能制造、電子商務(wù)有機(jī)結(jié)合、互促共進(jìn)，積極推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)加速向數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、智能化發(fā)展，推進(jìn)制造業(yè)物流業(yè)融合發(fā)展。制定出臺(tái)服務(wù)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展行動(dòng)綱要，深入開(kāi)展服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點(diǎn)。

2) We will promote integration of advanced manufacturing and modern services. 

We will set out the guidelines to more deeply embed next-generation IT into the manufacturing sector, and work for greater levels of integration and mutual reinforcement between industrial internet innovations and intelligent manufacturing and e-commerce. Traditional industries will be encouraged to make a faster shift to digital, internet-based, and smart-tech models; and integrated development of the manufacturing and logistics sectors will be promoted. We will formulate an action plan for high-quality development of the service sector, and move forward with trials on comprehensive service-sector reforms.

三是更大力度降成本。堅(jiān)持普惠性減稅和結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅相結(jié)合，對(duì)小微企業(yè)、科技型初創(chuàng)企業(yè)實(shí)施普惠性稅收減免。啟動(dòng)環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能節(jié)水項(xiàng)目和資源綜合利用企業(yè)所得稅優(yōu)惠目錄修訂工作。清理規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)服務(wù)性收費(fèi)。發(fā)揮好國(guó)家融資擔(dān)?；鹱饔茫鋵?shí)好小微企業(yè)融資擔(dān)保降成本獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)機(jī)制。推動(dòng)公共信用信息、金融信用信息共享，創(chuàng)新基于信用的小微企業(yè)、“三農(nóng)”融資模式。大力推廣集裝化運(yùn)輸，持續(xù)推進(jìn)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)示范工程，著力打通公鐵水聯(lián)運(yùn)銜接的“最后一公里”，切實(shí)降低物流成本。

3) We will further cut the costs of enterprises. 

We will introduce both general-benefit and structural tax cuts, and tax relief will be available for all small and micro businesses and sci-tech startups. We will start revising the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection, energy and water conservation, and the comprehensive use of resources. 

We will overhaul and standardize business service fees. We will make good use of the national financing guaranty fund, and make good use of the rewards and subsidies mechanism to reduce small and micro businesses' financing guarantee costs. We will press ahead with sharing public credit and financial credit information, and create credit-based financing models for small and micro businesses and for agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. 

In transportation, we will vigorously develop containerization, continue multimodal transportation demonstration projects, and strive to solve the "last-kilometer" problem in combined highway, railway, and water transportation services. These efforts will deliver substantial cuts in logistics costs.

四是加力支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展。堅(jiān)持“兩個(gè)毫不動(dòng)搖”，鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展壯大，大力營(yíng)造公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境和法治化制度環(huán)境。持續(xù)加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，強(qiáng)化政務(wù)誠(chéng)信建設(shè)，開(kāi)展產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)領(lǐng)域政務(wù)失信專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)，推動(dòng)各地解決一批企業(yè)和群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛問(wèn)題。建立健全企業(yè)家參與涉企政策制定機(jī)制，著力構(gòu)建親清新型政商關(guān)系，切實(shí)將激發(fā)和保護(hù)企業(yè)家精神各項(xiàng)政策落到實(shí)處。出臺(tái)支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)改革發(fā)展的意見(jiàn)。依法保護(hù)民營(yíng)企業(yè)權(quán)益，有力保護(hù)企業(yè)家人身安全和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，讓民營(yíng)企業(yè)安心放心。深入開(kāi)展清理拖欠民營(yíng)企業(yè)、中小企業(yè)賬款專(zhuān)項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，繼續(xù)清理規(guī)范工程建設(shè)領(lǐng)域保證金。發(fā)揮各類(lèi)金融機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)勢(shì)，完善民營(yíng)企業(yè)信用評(píng)級(jí)制度，鼓勵(lì)銀行向民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)放中長(zhǎng)期貸款，推動(dòng)債券品種創(chuàng)新，擴(kuò)大優(yōu)質(zhì)企業(yè)債發(fā)行規(guī)模，實(shí)施好民營(yíng)企業(yè)債券融資支持工具，研究并推動(dòng)設(shè)立民營(yíng)企業(yè)股權(quán)融資支持工具，多渠道破解融資難融資貴問(wèn)題。推進(jìn)守信激勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，探索拓展“信易+”服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，實(shí)現(xiàn)信用惠民便企。對(duì)排斥限制民營(yíng)企業(yè)招投標(biāo)問(wèn)題開(kāi)展專(zhuān)項(xiàng)整治。

4) We will boost support for private enterprises. 

There will be no irresolution about consolidating and developing the public sector and no irresolution about encouraging, supporting, and guiding non-public sector development. The non-public sector will receive all the encouragement, support, and guidance it needs to thrive, and vigorous efforts will be made to create an environment characterized by fair market competition and law-based institutions. 

We will continue boosting protection for property rights and strengthen government integrity-building. As part of this, we will take targeted action to address failures to act in good faith on property rights protection in government administration, and local authorities will have assistance in resolving property rights disputes that have elicited a strong reaction from enterprises and the public. 

Robust mechanisms will be put in place to include business owners and executives in formulating enterprise-related policies. We will keep working to build a new type of cordial and clean relationship between government and business, and take steps to ensure the full implementation of policies on encouraging and protecting entrepreneurship. We will also issue guidelines on supporting reform and development in private enterprises. 

Private enterprises will see their rights and interests being protected in accordance with law, and vigorous steps will be taken to protect the personal safety and property of business owners and executives so they can do business with peace of mind. We will take further action to deal with the problem of defaults on payments to private enterprises and small and medium businesses. We will continue to overhaul and standardize security deposits in the construction industry. 

We will harness the advantages of all types of financial institutions, improve the credit rating system for private enterprises, and encourage banks to lend to them on medium- and long-term basis. We will develop new types of bonds, allow more competitive enterprises to issue bonds, support private businesses in accessing bond financing, and make explorations on creating tools to support private businesses in obtaining equity financing. Through these multiple channels, we will help solve the problems of private enterprises finding it tough and costly to obtain financing.

We will develop new incentives for good-faith actors, explore ways to expand the Good Credit Plus services initiative, and ensure more beneficial and easily accessible services for individuals and enterprises with good credit scores. Targeted measures will be adopted to address the problem of excluding and restricting private enterprises from public bidding. 

五是深化農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革。毫不放松抓好糧食生產(chǎn)，全面落實(shí)糧食安全省長(zhǎng)責(zé)任制，深入推進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)糧食工程，確保糧食播種面積穩(wěn)定在16.5億畝。全面完成糧食生產(chǎn)功能區(qū)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)保護(hù)區(qū)劃定，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)，新增高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田8000萬(wàn)畝以上。優(yōu)化品種結(jié)構(gòu)，大力發(fā)展緊缺和綠色優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)由增產(chǎn)導(dǎo)向轉(zhuǎn)向提質(zhì)導(dǎo)向。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)耕地輪作休耕制度試點(diǎn)。實(shí)施質(zhì)量興農(nóng)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，建設(shè)質(zhì)量興農(nóng)政策、評(píng)價(jià)、考核和工作體系。持續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，推進(jìn)建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展先行區(qū)。加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技改革創(chuàng)新，大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代種業(yè)，加強(qiáng)先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)推廣，實(shí)施地理標(biāo)志農(nóng)產(chǎn)品保護(hù)工程，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)全程機(jī)械化。加快構(gòu)建鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，深入推進(jìn)農(nóng)村一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，壯大縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)。創(chuàng)新發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村特色產(chǎn)業(yè)和新型服務(wù)業(yè)，支持特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢(shì)區(qū)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)園、農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)，大力培育發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)龍頭企業(yè)，積極培育家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)、農(nóng)民合作社等新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體，加快培育發(fā)展農(nóng)村新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)。完善稻谷和小麥最低收購(gòu)價(jià)政策，完善玉米和大豆生產(chǎn)者補(bǔ)貼政策，進(jìn)一步提高大豆補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，多途徑擴(kuò)大大豆種植面積。擴(kuò)大政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)改革試點(diǎn)，創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村金融服務(wù)。毫不松懈做好非洲豬瘟防控工作，穩(wěn)定畜禽產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)。健全化肥、農(nóng)藥等重要農(nóng)資儲(chǔ)備制度。加快建立符合國(guó)際規(guī)則的新型農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)政策體系。

5) We will deepen supply-side structural reform in agriculture. 

We will keep a firm focus on grain production. We will ensure full implementation of the food security responsibility system for provincial governors, push forward quality grain programs, and ensure total grain acreage remains steady at 110 million hectares.

We will complete the work of delimiting grain-producing functional zones and protected production areas for major agricultural products, and improve farmland irrigation and water conservancy; and the area of high-quality cropland will be increased by at least 5.33 million hectares. We will improve the crop mix, encouraging farmers to grow crops that are in short supply, are environmentally friendly, and are of high-quality, and promoting a shift in the focus of agriculture from increasing output to raising quality. Trials of crop rotation and fallow land will be carried out steadily. We will implement a strategic plan for quality-driven reinvigoration of agriculture, and put in place supplementary policies and assessment, review, and work systems. Continuing the push toward the green development of agriculture, we will support the building of pilot zones for this express purpose. 

We will step up reform and innovation in agricultural science and technology, make a big push to develop the modern seed industry, promote the application of advanced, practical technologies, launch programs to protect agricultural products using geographical indications, and push ahead with complete agricultural mechanization.

We will move faster to build a rural industrial system, further promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, and strengthen county economies. This will see rural areas being encouraged to take new approaches in developing their distinctive local industries and new types of services. We will support the development of areas growing quality, distinctive local agricultural products, modern agriculture industrial parks, and towns with agricultural strengths. We will cultivate and support national leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization, foster new agribusiness models such as family farms and farmer cooperatives, and accelerate the development of new industries and new forms of business in rural areas. 

We will refine policies on minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat and on corn and soybean production subsides, further increase the subsidies for soybeans, and employ a variety of ways to expand the area of land under soybean cultivation. We will expand trial reforms of policy-backed agricultural insurance, and develop new and better rural financial services. 

There will be no let-up in our efforts to successfully prevent and control African swine fever and ensure production and supply of livestock and poultry products. The reserve system for important agricultural supplies such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be improved. 

We will move faster to establish a new type of support and protection policy framework for agriculture in line with international rules.

（二）促進(jìn)形成強(qiáng)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。堅(jiān)持辦好自己的事，著眼更好滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的美好生活需要，大力培育發(fā)展國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)良性循環(huán)和供需動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。

2. Developing a strong domestic market

To fulfill the requirement of managing our own affairs well and the task of meeting the people's ever-growing needs for a better life, we will work to vigorously develop the domestic market, promote beneficial circulation in the economy, and ensure a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand.

一是加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造提升。制定加快傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造提升促進(jìn)形成強(qiáng)大國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)，修訂產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整指導(dǎo)目錄。強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新、土地、人才等要素保障，為制造業(yè)企業(yè)技術(shù)改造和轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提供中長(zhǎng)期資金供給。加強(qiáng)重大技術(shù)裝備補(bǔ)短板，推動(dòng)首臺(tái)（套）裝備示范應(yīng)用。加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量和品牌建設(shè)，強(qiáng)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)引領(lǐng)，著力提升產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)。改造提升重大產(chǎn)業(yè)基地，培育發(fā)展現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。組織實(shí)施新一輪技術(shù)改造升級(jí)工程，運(yùn)用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新技術(shù)和先進(jìn)適用綠色工藝、技術(shù)、裝備改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全、綠色、集聚、高效發(fā)展。

1) We will accelerate transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

Guidelines on accelerating transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and developing a dynamic domestic market will be formulated, and the catalog of industrial structural adjustments will be revised. Efforts will be made to increase the support of innovation, land, human resources, and other factors of production and to ensure the medium- and long-term funding needed for manufacturing enterprises to upgrade their technologies and transform their business models. We will strongly support the development of major technological equipment to shore up areas of weakness, and promote the demonstration and application of newly-developed equipment. We will support the efforts to improve quality and build brands, attach greater importance to standards, and strive to bolster product quality. We will upgrade major industrial bases, and cultivate modern industrial clusters. We will organize a new round of technology transformation and upgrading projects, and harness new technologies like the internet, big data, and AI and advanced, applicable green methods, technologies, and equipment to transform traditional industries and promote their safe, green, intensive, and efficient development.

二是大力培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。優(yōu)化新業(yè)態(tài)新模式的監(jiān)管體制，深化新興產(chǎn)業(yè)政銀企合作，在新一代信息技術(shù)、高端裝備、生物技術(shù)、新材料等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域，優(yōu)先培育和大力發(fā)展一批戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。加快建立數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)政策體系，制定實(shí)施新時(shí)期“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)，實(shí)施數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”重大工程，建設(shè)人工智能創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用先導(dǎo)區(qū)，持續(xù)推進(jìn)大數(shù)據(jù)綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)。加快5G商用步伐和IPv6規(guī)模部署，加強(qiáng)人工智能、工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)等新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和融合應(yīng)用。研究制定新時(shí)期“寬帶中國(guó)”戰(zhàn)略，加強(qiáng)新一代信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。研究制定生物經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略綱要和促進(jìn)生物產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的若干政策，深入實(shí)施生物產(chǎn)業(yè)倍增工程，促進(jìn)生物技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)融合發(fā)展。加大通用航空產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展步伐。

2) We will foster emerging industries. 

We will optimize the oversight mechanism for new forms and new models of business and promote deeper cooperation between government, banks, and enterprises in developing emerging industries. We will prioritize and strongly develop a number of clusters of strategic emerging industries in key fields such as next-generation IT, high-end equipment, biotechnology, and new materials. We will move faster to set up a policy framework for the digital economy, formulate an Internet Plus action plan for the new era, and carry out major digital economy and Internet Plus projects. We will set up leading zones for new AI applications and continue developing integrated experimental zones for big data. 

We will move quickly to launch commercial 5G operations and expand deployment of Internet Protocol version six (IPv6), and strengthen the development and integrated application of new types of infrastructure in AI, the industrial internet, and the Internet of Things. We will commence research and planning on a National Broadband Internet Agenda for the new era and step up construction of next-generation information infrastructure. 

Research will be conducted on formulating a bio-economy development strategy and a package of policies for developing the biotech industry. We will take further action to boost growth of the biotech industry and to promote integrated development of biotechnology and information technology. Further steps will be taken to develop the general aviation industry.

三是聚焦關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域促進(jìn)有效投資。制定基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施高質(zhì)量發(fā)展實(shí)施方案，推進(jìn)落實(shí)保持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域補(bǔ)短板力度有關(guān)舉措。安排中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資5776億元，比上年增加400億元。調(diào)整優(yōu)化中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)用于“三農(nóng)”建設(shè)、重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、保障性安居工程、社會(huì)事業(yè)和社會(huì)治理、節(jié)能環(huán)保與生態(tài)建設(shè)等方面。加大對(duì)在建項(xiàng)目的資金保障，鼓勵(lì)地方政府盤(pán)活存量財(cái)政資金，重點(diǎn)用于在建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目，防止出現(xiàn)“半拉子”工程。建立健全吸引民間資本投資重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略和補(bǔ)短板項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。鼓勵(lì)民間資本采取混合所有制、投標(biāo)聯(lián)合體等多種方式參與PPP項(xiàng)目。加快推動(dòng)川藏鐵路、沿江高鐵、北煤南運(yùn)通道體系、跨區(qū)輸電通道、西南水電等重大項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃建設(shè)，支持京津冀、長(zhǎng)江三角洲、粵港澳大灣區(qū)、山東半島、北部灣等重點(diǎn)城市群加快推進(jìn)城際鐵路、市域（郊）鐵路規(guī)劃建設(shè)，抓好三峽庫(kù)區(qū)后續(xù)工程建設(shè)，抓緊推進(jìn)三峽樞紐水運(yùn)新通道和葛洲壩航運(yùn)擴(kuò)能工程等重大項(xiàng)目前期工作，規(guī)劃建設(shè)西部陸海新通道，加快建設(shè)天然氣管網(wǎng)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通“全國(guó)一張網(wǎng)”。推進(jìn)樞紐機(jī)場(chǎng)新建、遷建和改擴(kuò)建工程，有序建設(shè)支線(xiàn)機(jī)場(chǎng)和通用機(jī)場(chǎng)，加快推進(jìn)北京大興國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)籌備工作，確保9月底前建成投運(yùn)。大力推進(jìn)綜合客運(yùn)樞紐、物流樞紐建設(shè)，制定國(guó)家物流樞紐網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)實(shí)施方案，支持集疏港鐵路等建設(shè)，打通運(yùn)輸“最后一公里”。

3) We will focus on key areas and promote effective investment. 

We will draw up an implementation plan for high-quality infrastructure development, and promote the implementation of measures on sustaining efforts to strengthen areas of weakness in infrastructure. A total of 577.6 billion yuan from the central government budget will be allocated for investment this year, 40 billion more than last year. Adjustments will be made to optimize the composition of investments from the central government budget. The bulk of investments will go to support agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents; major infrastructure, innovation-driven development, and structural adjustments; government-subsidized housing, social programs, and social governance; and energy saving, environmental protection, and ecological conservation. We will work harder to ensure funding for ongoing projects; and to avoid projects being only half-finished, local governments will be encouraged to make good use of available fiscal funds, which should be used primarily for infrastructure projects already under way. 

We will ensure stronger long-term mechanisms for attracting private investment into key areas, with greater encouragement for private enterprises to get involved in major national strategies and state projects to strengthen areas of weakness. We will encourage the participation of private capital through PPP projects in various forms such as mixed ownership and joint bidding consortiums. 

We will press ahead with the planning and development of major projects such as the Chengdu-Lhasa railway, high-speed railway along the Yangtze River, a north-to-south coal line, trans-regional power transmission routes, and hydropower projects in southwest China. We will support major city clusters in moving faster to plan and build intercity, municipal, and suburban rail services—included in this are the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Shandong Peninsula, and the Beibu Bay area. Follow-up projects for the Three Gorges Reservoir area will be advanced. We will speed up preliminary work for major projects such as a new channel for the Three Georges water transportation hub and the project to expand the navigational capacity of the Gezhouba Dam. Plans will be made to build new land-sea transit routes for the western region, and faster progress will be achieved in building a national network of natural gas pipelines. 

We will continue projects to build, relocate, rebuild, and expand hub airports, and construct regional airports and general-purpose airports in a well-planned way. We will speed up construction of Beijing Daxing International Airport and operational preparations to ensure its opening at the end of this September. We will advance the construction of comprehensive passenger transportation hubs and logistics hubs, draw up an implementation plan for developing a national network of logistics hubs, support the building of port logistics railways, and solve the "last-kilometer" problem in transportation connectivity.

四是積極培育消費(fèi)惠民新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。研究制定居民增收三年行動(dòng)方案。落實(shí)好個(gè)人所得稅基本減除費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和6個(gè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)附加扣除政策，深入推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)居民增收試點(diǎn)工作，推動(dòng)實(shí)施技能人才、新型職業(yè)農(nóng)民、科研人員等重點(diǎn)群體增收激勵(lì)計(jì)劃，完善事業(yè)單位崗位績(jī)效工資制度，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)居民消費(fèi)能力。制定出臺(tái)促進(jìn)汽車(chē)、家電等熱點(diǎn)產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)的措施，暢通城鄉(xiāng)雙向聯(lián)動(dòng)銷(xiāo)售渠道，開(kāi)展品牌消費(fèi)、品質(zhì)消費(fèi)“雙品網(wǎng)購(gòu)節(jié)”系列活動(dòng)，挖掘農(nóng)村網(wǎng)購(gòu)和鄉(xiāng)村旅游消費(fèi)潛力。實(shí)施質(zhì)量強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量提升。開(kāi)展打擊假冒偽劣三年行動(dòng)，凈化市場(chǎng)消費(fèi)環(huán)境。深入實(shí)施“同線(xiàn)同標(biāo)同質(zhì)”工程，加強(qiáng)重要商品質(zhì)量追溯體系建設(shè)，改造提升重點(diǎn)城市步行街，吸引高端商品和服務(wù)等境外消費(fèi)回流。推動(dòng)各類(lèi)應(yīng)用電子產(chǎn)品智能化升級(jí)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大和升級(jí)信息消費(fèi)。創(chuàng)新激勵(lì)政策，強(qiáng)化市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管，擴(kuò)大綠色消費(fèi)。加快教育、育幼、養(yǎng)老、家政、醫(yī)療、文化、旅游等服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展。豐富文化和旅游產(chǎn)品及服務(wù)供給，創(chuàng)新業(yè)態(tài)和消費(fèi)模式。研究制定健康產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展行動(dòng)綱要，加大體育消費(fèi)設(shè)施建設(shè)力度。落實(shí)帶薪年休假制度。出臺(tái)實(shí)施大力發(fā)展老年人照護(hù)服務(wù)的政策措施，開(kāi)展家政服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化試點(diǎn)示范建設(shè)，加大家政人員培訓(xùn)力度。推進(jìn)海南國(guó)際旅游消費(fèi)中心、平潭國(guó)際旅游島和橫琴?lài)?guó)際休閑旅游島建設(shè)，組織實(shí)施“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施改造升級(jí)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2018－2020年）。加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)旅游景區(qū)快速交通、步行道、停車(chē)場(chǎng)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)，規(guī)范主題公園健康發(fā)展，支持郵輪、旅居車(chē)等消費(fèi)發(fā)展。研究制定促進(jìn)東北地區(qū)寒地冰雪經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)。實(shí)施社會(huì)辦醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)跨部門(mén)聯(lián)合審批。

4) We will foster new growth areas in consumption for the benefit of the people. 

We will work on drawing up a three-year action plan for increasing personal income. We will ensure implementation of the policy on raising the personal income tax threshold and introducing six special deductible items, and carry out trials on increasing the incomes of urban and rural residents. We will move forward with plans on providing incentives to increase incomes for key groups such as skilled personnel, new-type professional farmers, and R&D personnel, and improve the performance-based salary system for public institution employees. These actions will help further improve people's ability to consume.

We will formulate measures for boosting spending on automobiles, home appliances, and other popular products, and keep channels between urban and rural markets free-flowing. We will launch a series of online shopping promotions to boost brand and quality consumption, and unlock the consumption potential of online shopping and tourism in rural areas. To promote improvements in the quality of our products and services, we will implement a strategy to make China strong on quality. We will launch a three-year campaign against counterfeit and substandard goods to ensure a clean market environment for consumers. We will intensify efforts to ensure that products sold domestically are produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and are of the same quality as exported ones, and improve the system for quality traceability of important goods. We will upgrade pedestrian malls in major cities, and encourage consumers to purchase high-end goods and services at home instead of overseas. We will support efforts to make applied electronic products smarter, and work on further expanding and upgrading consumption of information goods and services. To encourage green consumption, we will introduce new incentive policies and tighten market oversight. 

We will speed up development of specific service sectors, including education, childcare, elderly care, housekeeping, healthcare, culture, and tourism. We will expand the diversity of products and services in culture and tourism, and promote the development of new forms of business and models of consumption. We will formulate an action plan to develop the health industry, and build more facilities to encourage sports-related spending. We will ensure implementation of the paid vacation system. Policies and measures will be introduced to improve care services for the elderly. Pilot and demonstration projects will be carried out to set standards for domestic services, and training will be boosted for domestic-service personnel. 

We will continue working to make Hainan an international hotspot for tourism and shopping, to grow Pingtan as an international tourism island, and to develop Hengqin as an international leisure and tourism resort. We will organize the implementation of the Action Plan (2018-2020) for Redeveloping and Upgrading Tourism Infrastructure in the Three Regions and Three Prefectures and Other Areas Affected by Extreme Poverty. We will improve the infrastructure and public service facilities at major tourist attractions, installing rapid transit services, walkways, and parking lots. We will set standards for the sound development of theme parks, and support cruiser liner and recreational vehicle-based spending. Research will be conducted to formulate guidelines on developing the winter economy in northeast China. Joint review and approval of privately-run hospitals will be carried out by related government departments.

五是切實(shí)穩(wěn)定市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。積極主動(dòng)加強(qiáng)重大政策解讀，創(chuàng)新宣傳手段，及時(shí)向各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體精準(zhǔn)解讀政策精神。及時(shí)妥善化解可能影響預(yù)期的重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患，密切關(guān)注輿情走勢(shì)，及時(shí)回應(yīng)社會(huì)關(guān)切，強(qiáng)化重特大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置。做好第四次全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)普查數(shù)據(jù)采集、發(fā)布和解讀工作。密切跟蹤分析重要商品市場(chǎng)供需和價(jià)格變化，做好市場(chǎng)保供和物價(jià)穩(wěn)定工作，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)運(yùn)調(diào)節(jié)，嚴(yán)厲打擊囤積居奇、哄抬物價(jià)等不法行為。

5) We will keep market expectations stable. 

We will actively work to enhance explanations of major policies, adopt new approaches in policy communication, and ensure all types of market entities have a correct understanding of our policies. We will take timely and appropriate measures to defuse major risks and potential dangers that may affect market expectations, pay close attention to trends in society, respond to people's concerns promptly, and take stronger measures to deal with major and serious emergencies. We will gather, publish, and analyze data for China's fourth economic census. 

We will closely monitor and analyze changes in supply and demand and the prices of major commodities, ensure market supply and price stability, strengthen regulation of the production, supply, storage, marketing, and transportation of goods, and crack down on speculative hoarding, price gouging, and other illegal activities.

（三）堅(jiān)決打好三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。針對(duì)突出問(wèn)題，集中力量、分類(lèi)推進(jìn)、精準(zhǔn)施策，打好重點(diǎn)戰(zhàn)役，全力攻堅(jiān)、務(wù)求實(shí)效。

3. Securing progress in the critical battles against potential risk, poverty, and pollution 

Aiming at the most pronounced problems, we will rely on collective efforts, category-based approaches, and targeted policies to accomplish key tasks, tackle tough challenges, and achieve solid results.

一是打好防范化解重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。堅(jiān)決貫徹總體國(guó)家安全觀，健全維護(hù)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)安全的體制機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)研判預(yù)警，守住不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的底線(xiàn)。堅(jiān)持結(jié)構(gòu)性去杠桿基本思路，把握好節(jié)奏和力度，推動(dòng)市場(chǎng)化債轉(zhuǎn)股簽約項(xiàng)目盡快落地，加強(qiáng)國(guó)有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債約束，建立企業(yè)債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)警體系。加強(qiáng)對(duì)股市、債市、匯市資金流動(dòng)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的監(jiān)管與處置，防范金融市場(chǎng)異常波動(dòng)和共振。完善資本市場(chǎng)基本制度，加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融等領(lǐng)域監(jiān)管，有序化解影子銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。彌補(bǔ)監(jiān)管制度短板，盡快出臺(tái)金融控股公司監(jiān)管辦法。穩(wěn)妥處理地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，堅(jiān)決遏制地方政府隱性債務(wù)增量、有序推進(jìn)存量化解，支持融資平臺(tái)公司市場(chǎng)化轉(zhuǎn)型。堅(jiān)持房子是用來(lái)住的、不是用來(lái)炒的定位，穩(wěn)妥實(shí)施房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制方案，落實(shí)城市主體責(zé)任制，穩(wěn)地價(jià)、穩(wěn)房?jī)r(jià)、穩(wěn)預(yù)期，堅(jiān)決防范化解房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。堅(jiān)持租購(gòu)并舉，完善住房市場(chǎng)體系和住房保障體系，努力解決城鎮(zhèn)中低收入居民和新市民住房問(wèn)題。改革住房公積金制度。在人口凈流入的大中城市加快發(fā)展住房租賃市場(chǎng)特別是長(zhǎng)期租賃市場(chǎng)。

1) We will further advance the battle against major risks.

We will firmly apply a holistic approach to national security. We will improve the systems and mechanisms for safeguarding national economic security, strengthen the monitoring, assessment, and early warning of major risks, and make sure no systemic risks arise. Sticking with the basic approach of structural deleveraging, and setting a proper pace and intensity, we will work for the early implementation of contracted projects for market-based debt-to-equity swaps, impose stronger constraints on the debt-to-asset ratios of SOEs, and establish systems for monitoring and sending early warnings on enterprise debt risks. 

Oversight over capital flow in the stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets and the handling of related risks will be strengthened to prevent abnormal fluctuations and resonance in the financial market. Basic capital market systems will be improved, oversight over internet finance will be strengthened, and orderly steps will be taken to defuse shadow banking risks. Working to remedy the weak points in the regulation system, we will unveil, at the earliest possible date, measures for regulating financial holding companies. We will see that local government debt risks are handled properly. We will firmly check increases in hidden local government debt, take orderly steps to deal with existing debt, and support the market-oriented transformation of financing platform companies.

In line with the principle that houses are for living in, not for speculation, we will take prudent steps to establish a long-term mechanism to facilitate the stable and healthy development of the real estate market, and take measures to see that municipal governments fulfill their primary responsibility in this respect. We will keep land prices, housing prices, and expectations stable, and resolutely prevent and defuse risks in the housing market. We will encourage both the rental and purchase of housing, improve the housing market and housing support systems, and work hard to help medium- and low-income urban residents and new urban residents solve their housing problems. We will reform the housing provident fund system, and work faster to develop the housing rental market, particularly the long-term rental market, in large and medium-sized cities that have net population inflows.

二是打好精準(zhǔn)脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)打贏脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)三年行動(dòng)，集中力量支持“三區(qū)三州”等深度貧困地區(qū)和特殊貧困群體脫貧攻堅(jiān)，重點(diǎn)解決好實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩不愁三保障”面臨的突出問(wèn)題。深入實(shí)施產(chǎn)業(yè)、就業(yè)、生態(tài)、教育、健康、社會(huì)保障等扶貧，實(shí)施殘疾人脫貧行動(dòng)。進(jìn)一步落實(shí)脫貧攻堅(jiān)責(zé)任制，完善脫貧攻堅(jiān)考核監(jiān)督評(píng)估機(jī)制。研究建立促進(jìn)困難群眾穩(wěn)定脫貧和防范返貧的長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，減少和防止貧困人口返貧。對(duì)摘帽后的貧困縣通過(guò)實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，鞏固脫貧成果、提升發(fā)展水平。研究解決收入水平略高于建檔立卡貧困戶(hù)的群體缺乏政策支持等新問(wèn)題。全年再減少農(nóng)村貧困人口1000萬(wàn)人以上，基本完成“十三五”易地扶貧搬遷規(guī)劃建設(shè)任務(wù)。

2) We will make good strides in the battle against poverty. 

We will firmly move forward with the three-year initiative for winning the battle against poverty, with a focus on supporting particular groups affected by poverty and areas classified as extremely poor, such as the aforementioned three regions and three prefectures. Priority will be given to resolving the key problems in our efforts to ensure adequate food and clothing and access to education, basic medical services, and housing for the rural poor population. 

We will step up efforts to reduce poverty by developing local industries, boosting employment, education, healthcare, and social security, and providing ecological-conservation subsidies, and take action to tackle poverty resulting from disability. The responsibility system for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, and evaluation, oversight, and assessment mechanisms will be improved. We will make explorations on establishing long-term mechanisms for people to steadily make their way out and stay out of poverty, thereby reducing and preventing cases of people slipping back into impoverishment. Counties that have eliminated poverty will be encouraged to consolidate their progress and promote local development through the rural revitalization strategy. We will explore solutions for new issues such as the lack of support polices for those with incomes slightly above the poverty line. This year, the rural poor population is targeted to fall by at least ten million, and work on projects to relocate poor populations from inhospitable areas during the 13th Five-Year Plan period will be basically completed.

三是打好污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)。堅(jiān)守陣地、鞏固成果，不放寬放松，更不走回頭路，協(xié)同推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境高水平保護(hù)。聚焦打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、柴油貨車(chē)污染治理、城市黑臭水體治理、長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)修復(fù)、渤海綜合治理、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村污染治理、水源地保護(hù)等七大戰(zhàn)役，加大工作和投入力度。加強(qiáng)污染防治重大科技攻關(guān)。改革創(chuàng)新環(huán)境治理方式，制定構(gòu)建政府為主導(dǎo)、企業(yè)為主體、社會(huì)組織和公眾共同參與的環(huán)境治理體系的意見(jiàn)，落實(shí)企業(yè)污染防治主體責(zé)任和環(huán)保責(zé)任。深入推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)督察，幫助企業(yè)制定環(huán)境治理解決方案。推進(jìn)鋼鐵行業(yè)超低排放改造，持續(xù)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)煤電超低排放和節(jié)能改造，促進(jìn)煤電高效、清潔、高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。優(yōu)化調(diào)整貨物運(yùn)輸結(jié)構(gòu)，提升煤炭、礦石、焦炭等大宗貨物鐵路、水路運(yùn)輸比例。實(shí)施城市污水處理提質(zhì)增效三年行動(dòng)，全面推進(jìn)城市生活垃圾分類(lèi)工作，研究制定進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)塑料污染防治的意見(jiàn)。組織實(shí)施“無(wú)廢城市”建設(shè)試點(diǎn)和廢鉛蓄電池污染防治行動(dòng)。大力推進(jìn)能源節(jié)約和高效利用，促進(jìn)重點(diǎn)地區(qū)煤炭消費(fèi)減量替代和清潔高效利用。有效推進(jìn)北方地區(qū)冬季清潔取暖，集中資源推進(jìn)京津冀及周邊地區(qū)、汾渭平原散煤治理。加強(qiáng)天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)，按照“以氣定改”原則有序?qū)嵤┟焊臍獾却胧ＶС智鍧嵞茉炊嘣瘧?yīng)用，提高可再生能源占能源消費(fèi)比重，建立可再生能源電力消納利用長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和修復(fù)，加強(qiáng)荒漠化、石漠化等治理。加大生物多樣性保護(hù)力度。繼續(xù)開(kāi)展退耕還林還草還濕。全面開(kāi)展生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線(xiàn)勘界定標(biāo)，建設(shè)生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線(xiàn)監(jiān)管平臺(tái)。完善多元化的橫向生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。推進(jìn)大規(guī)模國(guó)土綠化，提升森林、草原、濕地等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量，深化國(guó)家公園體制改革。深入實(shí)施河長(zhǎng)制湖長(zhǎng)制，持續(xù)推進(jìn)重點(diǎn)流域綜合治理。嚴(yán)格管控圍填海。建立健全綠色生產(chǎn)、消費(fèi)的法律制度和政策體系，研究制定建立健全綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，推進(jìn)資源循環(huán)利用基地建設(shè)。實(shí)施國(guó)家節(jié)水行動(dòng)，提高水資源管理水平和利用效率。推廣綠色建筑、綠色快遞包裝。加快構(gòu)建市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的綠色技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系，發(fā)布綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄（2019年版），推動(dòng)綠色高效制冷。改革完善環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，健全排污權(quán)交易制度，大力發(fā)展綠色金融。積極推廣合同能源管理、合同節(jié)水管理、環(huán)境污染第三方治理模式，加快實(shí)施綠色制造工程，促進(jìn)節(jié)能環(huán)保等綠色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。開(kāi)展綠色生活創(chuàng)建行動(dòng)。實(shí)施應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，加快完善全國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)制度體系，積極參與全球氣候治理。

3) We will make solid progress in the battle against pollution.

We will hold our ground and consolidate the progress made in coordinating high-quality economic growth and high-standard ecological and environmental protection. We will not relax restrictions or slacken efforts, much less allow a return to the ways of the past. 

We will put greater energy and investment into the seven campaigns to keep our skies blue, control pollution caused by diesel trucks, improve black, malodorous water bodies in cities, carry out protection and restoration in the Yangtze River basin, improve the water environment of the Bohai Sea region, control pollution in agriculture and rural areas, and protect water sources. We will work to achieve major scientific and technological breakthroughs in pollution prevention and control. We will reform and innovate environmental governance methods, draw up guidelines on establishing an environmental governance system in which government leads, enterprises are the main actors, and social organizations and the public participate, and ensure that enterprises shoulder the primary responsibility for pollution prevention and control and the responsibility for environmental protection. We will strengthen inspections on ecological and environmental protection, and help enterprises develop their own environmental improvement solutions.

We will encourage upgrading in the steel industry to achieve ultra-low emissions, steadily advance efforts to upgrade coal-burning power plants to achieve ultra-low emissions and energy conservation, and promote efficient, clean, and high-quality development of coal-fired power plants. We will adjust and optimize the mix of freight transportation modes, increasing the proportion of rail and water transportation for coal, ore, coke, and other bulk goods.

We will continue the three-year initiative to treat urban sewage more effectively and efficiently, advance the sorting of urban household waste across the country, and draw up guidelines on taking stronger steps to prevent and control plastic pollution. We will run trials on a "no waste cities" initiative, and take action to prevent and address pollution caused by used lead storage batteries. 

We will make a major push to promote conservation and efficient use of energy, and urge key localities to cut coal consumption by replacing it with alternative energy and by using coal in a cleaner and more efficient way. We will effectively promote clean energy sources for winter heating across northern China, and concentrate resources to ensure cleaner use of coal in non-industrial sectors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas and the Fenwei Plain region.

We will improve natural gas production, supply, reserve, and sale systems, and take orderly steps to replace coal with gas in areas where gas supply is sufficient for such replacement. We will support the use of clean energy in multiple ways, raise the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption, and establish a long-term mechanism to absorb electricity generated from renewable energy sources into power grids. 

We will redouble our efforts to protect and restore ecosystems. We will address the spread of desertification and stony deserts, work harder to protect biodiversity, and continue efforts to return marginal farmland to forests, grasslands, and wetlands. We will conduct extensive surveys and set standards for ecological red lines, and build an oversight and management platform for these lines. Diversified trans-regional ecological compensation mechanisms will be improved. We will make progress in large-scale afforestation, improve the quality of ecosystems in forests, grasslands, and wetlands, and deepen reform on the national parks system. We will achieve extensive roll-out of the river chief and lake chief systems, and continue to advance the comprehensive governance of the water environment in key river basins. Control and oversight will be tightened over coastal reclamation activities.

We will further develop and refine our legal and policy systems to promote green production and consumption, and put forward guidelines on building a sound economic structure that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We will promote the construction of resource recycling centers. We will carry out the national water conservation campaign and ensure water resources are better managed and more efficiently utilized. We will encourage the construction of eco-friendly buildings and the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging. We will move faster to set up a system for market-oriented green technology innovation and release the Catalog of Green Industries (2019). We will promote green and efficient refrigeration, reform and improve economic policies concerning environmental protections, refine the cap-and-trade system for emissions, and develop green finance. We will promote contracted energy and water-conservation management models and third-party treatment of environmental pollution, make rapid advances in green manufacturing, and boost the growth of green industries in relation to energy conservation and environmental protection. Initiatives will be carried out to promote eco-friendly lifestyles.

We will execute the national strategy for responding to climate change, move faster to improve national carbon market institutions, and actively participate in global climate governance.

（四）加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家。落實(shí)創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，提高大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新水平，促進(jìn)軍民協(xié)同創(chuàng)新，全面提升創(chuàng)新能力和效率。

4. Moving faster to build China into a country of innovators 

We will implement the innovation-driven development strategy, take the business startups and innovation initiative to the next level, and promote military-civilian collaboration in innovation, to comprehensively raise our innovation capacity and efficiency.

一是加強(qiáng)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)。研究謀劃新一輪全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗(yàn)。持續(xù)推進(jìn)科技體制改革，抓好賦予科研機(jī)構(gòu)和人員更大自主權(quán)有關(guān)政策的貫徹落實(shí)。改革科技創(chuàng)新成果的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等價(jià)值評(píng)價(jià)制度，推動(dòng)科研成果加快轉(zhuǎn)化。建立健全以創(chuàng)新、質(zhì)量、貢獻(xiàn)為導(dǎo)向的科技人才評(píng)價(jià)激勵(lì)體系。編制新一輪國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃。加大對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究的穩(wěn)定持續(xù)投入。加快實(shí)施國(guó)家科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)和科技創(chuàng)新2030—重大項(xiàng)目。構(gòu)建開(kāi)放、協(xié)同、高效的共性技術(shù)研發(fā)平臺(tái)，加快健全需求為導(dǎo)向、企業(yè)為主體的產(chǎn)學(xué)研一體化創(chuàng)新機(jī)制。大力支持民營(yíng)企業(yè)開(kāi)展原始創(chuàng)新，支持龍頭企業(yè)包括民營(yíng)高技術(shù)企業(yè)牽頭重大科技項(xiàng)目，強(qiáng)化企業(yè)、科研院所和高校的創(chuàng)新資源整合共享。加強(qiáng)工業(yè)強(qiáng)基工程協(xié)同攻關(guān)，推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游一條龍示范應(yīng)用。抓緊布局國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室，重組國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室體系。完善重大科技項(xiàng)目組織管理。加強(qiáng)國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)，支持新一批國(guó)家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)建設(shè)，在關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域新布局建設(shè)若干國(guó)家制造業(yè)創(chuàng)新中心。加快建立京津冀協(xié)同創(chuàng)新共同體，支持北京、上?？萍紕?chuàng)新中心建設(shè)，支持北京懷柔、上海張江、安徽合肥3個(gè)綜合性國(guó)家科學(xué)中心建設(shè)，以科技創(chuàng)新支撐長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，研究和大力支持建設(shè)粵港澳大灣區(qū)國(guó)際科技創(chuàng)新中心并布局建設(shè)綜合性國(guó)家科學(xué)中心。

1) We will improve national innovation systems. 

Research and planning will be carried out for a new round of pilot reforms on comprehensive innovation. We will keep advancing reform of the science and technology management system, with particular emphasis on implementing policies on granting greater autonomy to research institutes and researchers. To see scientific advances being applied more quickly, we will pursue reform of the systems for assessing the scientific, technological, and economic value of science and technology innovations. We will establish a robust science and technology personnel evaluation and incentive system based on innovation, quality, and contribution. We will draw up plans on a new round of national scientific and technological development over the medium and long term. Investment in basic research will maintain steady growth, and efforts will be accelerated to implement major national science and technology programs and major projects for the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda.

We will work to establish open, coordinated, and efficient platforms for research on generic technologies, and move faster to improve collaborative innovation mechanisms for bringing together enterprises, academia, and research institutes, which are demand-oriented and give enterprises the leading role. Private enterprises will receive strong support in pursuing original innovation. There will be support for leading enterprises, including private high-tech enterprises, to initiate major technology projects, and efforts will be made to achieve better integration and sharing of innovation resources among companies, research institutes, and universities. We will step up cooperation to see technological breakthroughs in projects designed to strengthen China's industrial foundation, and promote demonstrations for technology applications throughout the industrial chain.

We will move swiftly to carry out overall planning for the development of national laboratories, and reorganize the system of national key laboratories. Major science and technology projects will be better organized and managed. We will step up the development of national industrial innovation centers, support the building of a new group of national demonstration zones for independent innovation, and make plans for building several national manufacturing innovation centers in key sectors. We will speed up the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as a collaborative innovation community, support Beijing and Shanghai in developing into science and technology innovation centers, and support the construction of comprehensive national science centers in Huairou in Beijing, Zhangjiang in Shanghai, and Hefei in Anhui. We will see that scientific and technological innovation underpins the strategies on the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta. We will conduct research on and provide strong support to the initiative to develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into an international science and technology innovation center, and make plans for building a national comprehensive science center in the area.

二是持續(xù)推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。加快落實(shí)“雙創(chuàng)”升級(jí)版重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境，推動(dòng)落實(shí)各項(xiàng)創(chuàng)業(yè)扶持政策，健全公共服務(wù)體系，積極發(fā)展創(chuàng)業(yè)孵化基地等各類(lèi)載體，打造展示交流和資源共享平臺(tái)。全面加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，建立覆蓋知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易、評(píng)估等方面的服務(wù)體系，健全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償制度。進(jìn)一步完善支持創(chuàng)業(yè)投資發(fā)展的相關(guān)政策，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)行雙創(chuàng)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)金融債券、雙創(chuàng)孵化專(zhuān)項(xiàng)債券等。推動(dòng)國(guó)家新興產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)投資引導(dǎo)基金高效運(yùn)營(yíng)，構(gòu)建新興領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)業(yè)投資聯(lián)盟。辦好2019年全國(guó)“雙創(chuàng)”活動(dòng)周。

2) We will promote high-quality innovation and business startups. 

We will work quickly to implement major projects under the upgraded edition of the business startups and innovation initiative. To further improve the environment for making innovations and starting businesses, we will ensure the implementation of all policies on supporting business startups, refine our public service systems, develop all types of supportive platforms like business incubation centers, and also build platforms for exhibitions, exchanges, and resource sharing. 

We will take comprehensive measures to strengthen IPR protection, establish service systems covering intellectual property trade and assessment, and improve the punitive damages system for IPR infringements. 

We will further enhance policies to support venture capital, and encourage the issuance of special bonds by financial institutions for funding innovation and business startups and special bonds for funding innovation and business incubation. We will promote the efficient operation of the National Venture Capital Guide Fund for Emerging Industries, and build venture capital alliances for emerging industries. We will ensure this year's National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week is a success.

三是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)軍民融合深度發(fā)展。深入推進(jìn)軍民融合重大示范項(xiàng)目和軍民融合創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)建設(shè)，推動(dòng)軍民融合產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，充分發(fā)揮軍民融合對(duì)培育壯大經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新動(dòng)能的重要支撐作用。采取強(qiáng)有力的措施深入開(kāi)展經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目貫徹國(guó)防要求試點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共建共享共用。健全軍民融合體制機(jī)制，破除“民參軍”壁壘，加大“軍轉(zhuǎn)民”力度。健全軍地兩用人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，暢通軍地人才雙向流動(dòng)渠道。深入推進(jìn)國(guó)防軍工生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)員布局。推動(dòng)軍民融合綜合性立法。持續(xù)深化軍工企業(yè)混合所有制改革試點(diǎn)。強(qiáng)化軍民科技成果雙向轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。融合拓展國(guó)家軍民融合公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)功能。

3) We will make steady progress in deepening military-civilian integration. 

We will push ahead with major MCI demonstration projects and the construction of MCI innovation demonstration zones. We will promote military-civilian integration in industries to give full play to its important role in cultivating strong drivers of economic growth. 

We will take strong, wide-ranging measures in undertaking trials to enforce national defense requirements for economic projects, with a view to achieving shared benefits and applications through joint efforts of both sectors. MCI systems and mechanisms will be improved, so that barriers blocking civilian participation in military programs are eliminated, and more military technologies are put to civilian uses. We will improve mechanisms for training personnel competent for both military and civilian jobs and ensure channels are open for personnel movement between military and civilian sectors. We will continue to support the enhancement of production capacity in the defense industry, and improve plans for national economic mobilization. 

Steps will be taken to promote comprehensive legislation on military-civilian integration. Pilot reforms on mixed ownership in military industry enterprises will be deepened. We will support commercialization and application of military technological advances in the civilian sector, and vice versa. We will integrate and expand the functions of the national MCI public service platform. 

（五）持續(xù)深化重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革。全面貫徹落實(shí)習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在慶祝改革開(kāi)放40周年大會(huì)上的重要講話(huà)精神，持續(xù)強(qiáng)化改革牽引作用，以增強(qiáng)微觀主體活力為重點(diǎn)，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革走深走實(shí)。

5. Consistently deepening reform in key areas

Fully implementing the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's speech at the meeting marking the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, we will continue to bolster the leading role of reform, and carry out deeper and more concrete economic structural reform with a focus on energizing micro entities.

一是深化“放管服”改革。加快完善中國(guó)營(yíng)商環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)體系，健全評(píng)價(jià)分析系統(tǒng)，在直轄市、計(jì)劃單列市、部分省會(huì)城市和地級(jí)市開(kāi)展?fàn)I商環(huán)境試評(píng)價(jià)，推動(dòng)全國(guó)范圍營(yíng)商環(huán)境實(shí)現(xiàn)較大幅度改善，降低制度性交易成本。持續(xù)推動(dòng)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度全面實(shí)施，建立健全清單動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制，不斷完善清單信息公開(kāi)機(jī)制，推動(dòng)“非禁即入”普遍落實(shí)。再推動(dòng)取消一批行政許可等事項(xiàng)，加快清理各類(lèi)變相審批和許可，壓減規(guī)范行政處罰事項(xiàng)，大幅壓縮工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目審批時(shí)間，壓縮開(kāi)辦企業(yè)、注冊(cè)商標(biāo)、登記財(cái)產(chǎn)、獲得電力、跨境貿(mào)易等事項(xiàng)的辦理環(huán)節(jié)、時(shí)限和成本，進(jìn)一步清理規(guī)范各類(lèi)行政審批中介服務(wù)事項(xiàng)，全面推開(kāi)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)與行政機(jī)關(guān)脫鉤改革，打造法治化、國(guó)際化、便利化的營(yíng)商環(huán)境。深化商事制度改革，積極推進(jìn)“證照分離”改革全覆蓋，深入推行企業(yè)注銷(xiāo)便利化改革，繼續(xù)壓縮專(zhuān)利審查和商標(biāo)注冊(cè)時(shí)間。加快健全以“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”為基本手段、以重點(diǎn)監(jiān)管為補(bǔ)充、以信用監(jiān)管為基礎(chǔ)的新型監(jiān)管機(jī)制，在市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)跨部門(mén)“雙隨機(jī)、一公開(kāi)”監(jiān)管，加強(qiáng)反壟斷和反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)法。大力推動(dòng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+政務(wù)服務(wù)”，加快“數(shù)字政府”建設(shè)，抓緊建成全國(guó)一體化在線(xiàn)政務(wù)服務(wù)平臺(tái)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)一網(wǎng)通辦、異地可辦。出臺(tái)國(guó)家政務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)管理辦法，建立完善國(guó)家政務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)清單管理機(jī)制。

1) We will deepen reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services. 

To bring about a marked improvement in the national business environment, we will act quickly to enhance China's business environment assessment system, refine assessment and analysis systems, and begin pilot business environment assessments in municipalities directly under the central government, cities specifically designated in the state plan, some provincial capitals, and some prefecture-level cities. This will also help reduce government-imposed transaction costs.

We will continue promoting full implementation of the market access negative list system. We will establish a dynamic mechanism for adjusting the list, make further improvements to the system for publishing list-related information, and make sure all sectors not restricted by the list are accessible. 

We will once again abolish a slew of administrative approval items, promptly overhaul all stealth approval and permit procedures, and reduce and standardize administrative penalty items. We will further cut the time it takes to approve a construction project, and cut the steps, the time, and the costs involved in starting businesses, registering trademarks and property, getting electricity, and trading across borders. We will further overhaul and standardize all types of intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval, and move forward across the board with untying industry associations and chambers of commerce from the government. All these efforts will help create an enabling environment for businesses that is consistent with the rule of law and international practices.

We will deepen institutional reforms in the business sector, implement the reform to separate out the business license from certificates required for starting a business across the country, advance the reforms on making it easier to cancel market entities, and scale back the time required for patent review and trademark registration.

We will move faster to improve the new-type oversight mechanism, which is centered on oversight of credibility, supplemented by oversight of major areas, and based on the model using randomly selected inspectors to inspect randomly selected entities and requiring the prompt release of results. In terms of market regulation, we will promote the adoption of the above-mentioned model across departments, and step up law enforcement to combat monopolistic pricing and unfair competition. A big push will be made to continue rolling out the Internet Plus Government Services model, and quickly build a digital government. We will move quickly to set up a national unified online government service platform to see that all government services are accessible online and trans-regionally. Management provisions for government information systems will be unveiled, and a robust list-based management mechanism for government information systems will be established.

二是推進(jìn)國(guó)資國(guó)企改革。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)國(guó)企改革“1+N”政策文件落實(shí)落地和各項(xiàng)改革試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)成果的推廣應(yīng)用，出臺(tái)改革國(guó)有資本授權(quán)經(jīng)營(yíng)體制方案，深化綜合性改革，建立職業(yè)經(jīng)理人等制度，培育世界一流企業(yè)。推進(jìn)重要領(lǐng)域混合所有制改革，完善員工持股等配套政策，加快推進(jìn)一般競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性領(lǐng)域國(guó)有企業(yè)混合所有制改革，積極推動(dòng)民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與國(guó)有企業(yè)改革。堅(jiān)持做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大國(guó)有資本，推動(dòng)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)戰(zhàn)略性重組和布局優(yōu)化，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)從管企業(yè)向管資本轉(zhuǎn)變，改組成立一批國(guó)有資本投資公司，組建一批國(guó)有資本運(yùn)營(yíng)公司，推動(dòng)國(guó)有資本投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)公司試點(diǎn)取得更大成效。研究擴(kuò)大國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算實(shí)施范圍，提高國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算調(diào)入一般公共預(yù)算的比例。繼續(xù)分批推動(dòng)劃轉(zhuǎn)部分國(guó)有資本充實(shí)社保基金。深入推進(jìn)國(guó)有企業(yè)工資決定機(jī)制改革。

2) We will promote state capital and SOE reforms. 

We will steadily implement the guidelines and supplementary documents on deepening reform of SOEs and promote extensive application of successful outcomes from pilot reforms. We will draw up plans on reforming the system for authorized operations of state capital, deepen comprehensive reform, establish a system of professional managers, and strive to foster world-class enterprises. We will push ahead with trial reforms on mixed ownership in key fields, improve supplementary policies on employee equity stakes and other issues, accelerate reforms in general sectors of competition, and encourage private enterprises to actively participate in SOE reform. 

We will remain committed to strengthening, expanding, and increasing the returns on state capital, and press ahead with the strategic reorganization of the state-owned sector of the economy to improve its layout. To more quickly shift the focus of oversight from enterprises to capital, we will establish a number of state capital investment companies through reorganizations as well as a number of state capital management companies, and see that better results are achieved in the trial reforms on state capital investment and management companies. We will conduct research on expanding the scope of the state capital operations budget, and raise the proportion of funds allocated from this budget to the general public budget. We will continue the work of transferring a portion of state capital into social security funds in tranches. We will push forward the reform on improving the salary-setting mechanisms of SOEs.

三是深化重點(diǎn)行業(yè)改革。深化石油天然氣體制改革，組建國(guó)家石油天然氣管網(wǎng)公司，實(shí)現(xiàn)管輸和銷(xiāo)售分開(kāi)。放開(kāi)油氣勘查開(kāi)采準(zhǔn)入限制，積極吸引社會(huì)資本加大油氣勘查開(kāi)采力度。深化電力體制改革，推動(dòng)交易機(jī)構(gòu)獨(dú)立規(guī)范運(yùn)行，加快推進(jìn)電力市場(chǎng)化交易，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)電力現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)建設(shè)試點(diǎn)，擴(kuò)大增量配電業(yè)務(wù)改革試點(diǎn)。在加強(qiáng)成本監(jiān)審調(diào)查基礎(chǔ)上，深入推進(jìn)第二個(gè)監(jiān)管周期輸配電價(jià)改革，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)石油、天然氣、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)戎攸c(diǎn)領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革。深化郵政和煙草體制改革。

3) We will deepen reform in key industries. 

We will carry out structural reform of the petroleum and natural gas industries, and establish a national oil and gas pipeline corporation so as to separate transportation and marketing. We will lift restrictions on access to petroleum and natural gas exploration and exploitation, and actively encourage private investors to step up exploration and exploitation activities. 

We will promote further reform of the electricity industry, and support independent and procedure-based operations by electricity trading agencies. We will move swiftly in making electricity transactions market-based, steadily establish pilot markets for spot trading of electricity, and expand trial reforms on raising the number of electricity distributors. We will make further strides in reforming electricity transmission and distribution pricing during the second regulatory period, which will be based on cost monitoring, review, and investigation.

We will make more progress in price reforms in key sectors such as petroleum, natural gas, and transportation, and further structural reforms of postal services and the tobacco industry.

四是優(yōu)化要素市場(chǎng)化配置。制定關(guān)于完善要素市場(chǎng)化配置的意見(jiàn)，健全要素市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、監(jiān)管、退出制度。深入推進(jìn)人力資源市場(chǎng)建設(shè)，促進(jìn)人力資源自由有序流動(dòng)。完善投融資體制機(jī)制，加快投融資服務(wù)引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)型，持續(xù)規(guī)范簡(jiǎn)化投資審批，深化企業(yè)投資項(xiàng)目承諾制改革。擴(kuò)大國(guó)有土地有償使用范圍，深化工業(yè)用地市場(chǎng)化配置改革試點(diǎn)，推進(jìn)工業(yè)用地一級(jí)市場(chǎng)多種方式出讓和二級(jí)市場(chǎng)有序流轉(zhuǎn)，進(jìn)一步深入推進(jìn)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市。推進(jìn)公共資源交易平臺(tái)整合共享。深化技術(shù)要素市場(chǎng)化配置，探索職務(wù)科技成果產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革。推進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)信息要素市場(chǎng)化配置，完善個(gè)人信息授權(quán)和大數(shù)據(jù)交易制度。

4) We will optimize the market-based mechanisms for allocating factors of production. 

We will formulate guidelines on improving market-based allocation of factors of production, and improve systems for accessing, regulating, and exiting the market. We will do more to develop human resources markets and to promote free and orderly flows of human resources. To refine investment and financing systems and mechanisms, we will work faster to guide the transformation of investment and financing services, continue to standardize and streamline investment approval procedures, and deepen the reform to introduce a business-invested project commitment system. 

To expand the paid use of state-owned land, we will push ahead the pilot reform for allowing the market to allocate land designated for industrial purposes, promote the sale of such land through various means in the primary market and the orderly transfer of its use rights in the secondary market, and move forward with the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction. 

We will proceed with the integration and sharing of trading platforms for public resources. We will promote market-based allocation of technologies, and make explorations on reform of the system for property rights of scientific and technological outputs produced on the job. We will push ahead with market-based allocation of data and information, and improve the system for personal information authorization and big data trading.

五是深化財(cái)稅金融體制改革。制定應(yīng)急救援、自然資源等領(lǐng)域中央與地方財(cái)政事權(quán)和支出責(zé)任劃分改革方案。健全地方稅體系，推進(jìn)中央和地方收入劃分改革，全面實(shí)施預(yù)算績(jī)效管理。深化增值稅改革，逐步建立期末留抵退稅制度。在上海證券交易所設(shè)立科創(chuàng)板并試點(diǎn)注冊(cè)制，健全上市公司股份回購(gòu)制度，進(jìn)一步完善上市公司現(xiàn)金分紅和退出機(jī)制。健全貨幣政策和宏觀審慎政策雙支柱調(diào)控框架，將更多金融活動(dòng)、金融市場(chǎng)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)和金融基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施納入宏觀審慎政策框架。完善全口徑外債和跨境資本監(jiān)管體系。改革完善地方金融監(jiān)管體制，堅(jiān)決打擊非法金融機(jī)構(gòu)和非法金融活動(dòng)。

5) We will deepen the fiscal, tax, and financial reforms. 

We will draw up reform plans for appropriately dividing fiscal authority and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments in such fields as emergency rescue and natural resources. We will improve local tax systems, reform the practice of revenue sharing between the central and local governments, and implement performance-based budgetary management across the board. We will deepen VAT reform, and phase in a system to refund end-of-tax-period VAT credits. 

We will set up a Science and Technology Innovation Board at Shanghai Stock Exchange and launch trials for a registration-based IPO system. For listed companies, we will improve the share repurchase system and refine the cash dividend mechanism and delisting system. 

We will improve the regulatory framework underpinned by monetary and macro-prudential policies, and bring more financial activities, markets, institutions, and infrastructure into the macro-prudential policy framework. Improvements will be made to the systems for unified monitoring and management of foreign debt and cross-border capital. Reforms will be carried out to refine the local financial regulatory system, and steps will be taken to crack down on illegal financial institutions and activities.

（六）推進(jìn)更高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放。扎實(shí)推進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”，在更深層次、更寬領(lǐng)域、以更大力度推進(jìn)全方位高水平開(kāi)放。

6. Pursuing higher-level opening up

We will step up cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, and pursue high-standard, all-round opening up in more sectors and in a more thorough fashion.

一是深入推進(jìn)“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作。辦好第二屆“一帶一路”國(guó)際合作高峰論壇。加強(qiáng)我國(guó)與沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家的發(fā)展規(guī)劃對(duì)接。以基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和產(chǎn)能合作為重點(diǎn)，解決好金融支撐、投資環(huán)境、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控、安全保障等關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，加強(qiáng)文化交流與人才合作，確保更多合作成果落地。深入推進(jìn)數(shù)字絲綢之路建設(shè)合作，推動(dòng)中國(guó)－東盟智慧城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作。高質(zhì)量建設(shè)境外經(jīng)貿(mào)合作區(qū)、產(chǎn)能合作園區(qū)等平臺(tái)。推動(dòng)中歐班列高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，加快“絲路電商”全球布局。務(wù)實(shí)推進(jìn)與法國(guó)、德國(guó)、日本、新加坡等國(guó)家第三方市場(chǎng)合作和創(chuàng)新合作，積極推進(jìn)與太平洋島國(guó)的經(jīng)貿(mào)、旅游等務(wù)實(shí)合作。加快沿邊開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放步伐，推動(dòng)沿邊重點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放試驗(yàn)區(qū)和跨境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)建設(shè)。支持東北地區(qū)打造我國(guó)向北開(kāi)放的重要窗口和東北亞地區(qū)合作的中心樞紐。

1) We will promote international cooperation under the BRI. 

We will ensure the success of the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation to be held this year. We will seek coordination between China's development plans and those of other countries along the BRI routes. Focusing on major projects, including infrastructure construction, and industrial-capacity cooperation, we will address key problems such as those related to financial support, investment environments, risk management, and security, strengthen cultural exchanges and cooperation on personnel training, and ensure cooperation produces more results. We will promote greater cooperation on the development of the Digital Silk Road and advance cooperation between China and ASEAN on creating a smart cities network. 

We will build high-quality overseas platforms such as economic and trade cooperation zones and industrial-capacity cooperation parks and zones. We will promote high-quality development of China-Europe freight train services, and work to promote Silk Road E-Commerce across the globe. We will take substantive strides with France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, and other countries on third-market cooperation and innovation cooperation, and we will vigorously promote cooperation with Pacific island countries on the economy, trade, and tourism. 

To accelerate their development and opening up, we will see that border areas move forward with the construction of key experimental development and opening up zones and cross-border economic cooperation zones. We will support Northeast China to develop itself as a major window for northward opening up and a hub for cooperation with Northeast Asia.

二是著力穩(wěn)外貿(mào)。進(jìn)一步壓縮整體通關(guān)時(shí)間，降低進(jìn)出口合規(guī)成本，大力推進(jìn)“經(jīng)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)營(yíng)者”（AEO）國(guó)際互認(rèn)合作，提升貿(mào)易便利化水平。加大對(duì)出口信用保險(xiǎn)保單融資、出口退稅賬戶(hù)質(zhì)押融資等政策支持力度，推動(dòng)出口市場(chǎng)多元化。辦好第二屆中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)，增加先進(jìn)技術(shù)設(shè)備、關(guān)鍵零部件以及短缺的能源資源、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)對(duì)外貿(mào)易平衡發(fā)展。優(yōu)化進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)，鞏固傳統(tǒng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，加快培育以技術(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、品牌、質(zhì)量、服務(wù)為核心的綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)服務(wù)貿(mào)易創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，加快服務(wù)外包轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，積極發(fā)展跨境電商，推動(dòng)外貿(mào)向質(zhì)量效益型轉(zhuǎn)變。

2) We will work for steady growth in foreign trade. 

We will further reduce the customs clearance time, lower compliance costs for imports and exports, and take strong steps to promote international mutual accreditation of and cooperation on Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) programs in order to further facilitate trade. We will provide greater support for policies on export credit insurance financing and export tax rebate pledged financing. We will work to diversify export markets. 

We will ensure the success of the second China International Import Expo this year, and increase imports of advanced technology and equipment, key parts and components, energy and resources in short supply, and agricultural products. These actions will help promote the balanced development of foreign trade. Working to optimize the import and export mix, we will consolidate traditional competitive edges, and move faster to foster our overall competitive strength with technology, standards, brands, quality, and services as core strengths. We will create new ways of promoting trade in services, step up work to transform and upgrade outsourcing services, develop cross-border e-commerce, and strive to see foreign trade develop in a quality- and performance-oriented way. 

三是加大吸引外資力度。出臺(tái)實(shí)施外商投資法，縮減外商投資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，全面清理取消負(fù)面清單以外領(lǐng)域針對(duì)外資設(shè)置的準(zhǔn)入限制。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)金融業(yè)開(kāi)放，吸引更多長(zhǎng)期資金流入，有效發(fā)揮國(guó)際長(zhǎng)期資本的作用。制定鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄，擴(kuò)大鼓勵(lì)外商投資范圍，吸引跨國(guó)公司來(lái)華投資并設(shè)立生產(chǎn)研發(fā)基地。健全外資項(xiàng)目服務(wù)機(jī)制，推動(dòng)一批規(guī)模大、示范性強(qiáng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目落地。完善外資安全審查機(jī)制。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)外債登記制管理改革，提升監(jiān)管水平。推進(jìn)國(guó)家級(jí)經(jīng)開(kāi)區(qū)、高新區(qū)等各類(lèi)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)創(chuàng)新提升，增強(qiáng)輻射帶動(dòng)作用。研究出臺(tái)推動(dòng)自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放和創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的改革措施。增設(shè)上海自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)新片區(qū)，將支持自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)及全面創(chuàng)新改革試驗(yàn)區(qū)的出入境政策措施推廣至全國(guó)。深入落實(shí)支持海南全面深化改革開(kāi)放的各項(xiàng)政策舉措，高質(zhì)量建設(shè)全島自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)，探索建設(shè)中國(guó)特色自由貿(mào)易港。

3) We will work harder to attract foreign investment. 

We will enact the Foreign Investment Law, shorten the negative list for foreign investment, and thoroughly review and remove restrictions on market access for foreign investment to sectors which are not on the list. We will steadily open the financial sector, attract greater inflows of long-term funding, and give play to the effective role of long-term international capital. We will draw up a catalog of industries for foreign investment, attract investment in a broader range of sectors, and encourage multinational companies to invest in China and set up production and R&D centers. 

We will improve the service mechanisms for foreign-invested projects, and work to implement a number of key, large projects that can play a strongly demonstrative role. We will refine the system for conducting security reviews of foreign investments. Steady progress will be made in reforming the foreign-debt registration system to ensure a higher level of supervision and management. 

We will promote innovations and upgrading in all types of development zones, including state-level economic development zones and high-tech development zones, to give better play to their role of leading development. Reform measures will be devised to support pilot free trade zones in opening wider and pursuing innovation-driven development. We will see an expansion of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and support the nationwide application of entry and exit policies developed in pilot free trade zones and pilot reform zones for comprehensive innovation. We will fully implement policies and measures on supporting Hainan in furthering its reform and opening up on every front, work for the high-quality development of China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and make explorations on setting up free trade ports with Chinese features.

四是促進(jìn)對(duì)外投資平穩(wěn)健康發(fā)展。加快制定境外投資條例，完善境外投資服務(wù)和監(jiān)管。推動(dòng)企業(yè)加強(qiáng)合規(guī)管理，規(guī)范企業(yè)境外經(jīng)營(yíng)秩序，實(shí)行守信聯(lián)合激勵(lì)和失信聯(lián)合懲戒。加強(qiáng)“走出去”公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)，建立部門(mén)間信息統(tǒng)一歸集和共享機(jī)制。推進(jìn)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范體系建設(shè)，全面提高境外安全保障和應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力。

4) We will promote the steady and sound development of outward investment. 

We will accelerate the work on formulating the Regulations on Outward Investment, and improve services for and regulation of outward investment. We will promote stronger compliance management among enterprises to ensure their overseas operations are run in a standardized and orderly manner, and give joint incentives to those that act in good faith and take joint punitive actions against those that act in bad faith. We will enhance the building of public service platforms for companies that "go global," and establish a unified, inter-departmental information collection and sharing system. We will work to strengthen the prevention and control system for security risks and raise our overall capacity to safeguard Chinese security and respond to risks overseas.

五是積極參與國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則變革完善。積極發(fā)展全球伙伴關(guān)系，充分利用國(guó)際平臺(tái)加強(qiáng)政策協(xié)調(diào)，擴(kuò)大同各國(guó)的利益交匯點(diǎn)。積極參與世界貿(mào)易組織改革，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制，主動(dòng)參與多邊貿(mào)易規(guī)則制定，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建公正、合理、透明的國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則體系，維護(hù)支持貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化的合作方向。落實(shí)阿根廷中美元首會(huì)晤共識(shí)，穩(wěn)妥推動(dòng)中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商。推動(dòng)早日達(dá)成區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定，加快中歐投資協(xié)定談判和中日韓自由貿(mào)易區(qū)談判進(jìn)程。

5) We will play an active role in the reform and improvement of international trade rules. 

China will be proactive about developing global partnerships, make full use of international platforms to enhance policy coordination, and expand converging interests with other countries. We will actively take part in reform of the WTO, firmly uphold the multilateral trading regime, play a positive role in the formulation of multilateral trade rules, and promote the establishment of a fair, reasonable, and transparent system of international trade rules. 

We will keep cooperation oriented toward supporting the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment. We will act on the consensus reached by the Chinese and US presidents in Argentina, and take appropriate steps to advance the China-US trade talks. We will work to realize the adoption of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement as soon as possible, and accelerate negotiations on investment agreements with the European Union and on establishing the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Area.

（七）促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。圍繞解決發(fā)展不平衡不充分問(wèn)題，推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村振興和區(qū)域發(fā)展重大戰(zhàn)略落地見(jiàn)效，著力提升新型城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量，縮小城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展差距。

7. Promoting coordinated urban-rural and regional development

Targeting the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development, we will ensure effective implementation of the strategies of rural revitalization and coordinated regional development, improve the quality of new urbanization, and narrow the disparities in development between rural and urban areas and between regions.

一是持續(xù)推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。落實(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村優(yōu)先發(fā)展總方針，積極推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃（2018－2022年）各項(xiàng)任務(wù)落地。加快編制村莊規(guī)劃，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)提擋升級(jí)，健全多元投入機(jī)制，促進(jìn)路水電氣信等城鄉(xiāng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一體規(guī)劃、互聯(lián)互通，推動(dòng)公共服務(wù)向農(nóng)村延伸、社會(huì)事業(yè)向農(nóng)村覆蓋。大力支持農(nóng)村飲水安全鞏固提升等工程建設(shè)。抓好農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治三年行動(dòng)，重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)“廁所革命”，做好農(nóng)村生活垃圾污水治理，推動(dòng)垃圾分類(lèi)和資源化利用，建設(shè)美麗鄉(xiāng)村。加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)村水土流失綜合治理，實(shí)施生態(tài)清潔小流域建設(shè)。完善縣鄉(xiāng)村物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)和冷鏈物流體系建設(shè)，促進(jìn)重要市政設(shè)施城鄉(xiāng)共用。實(shí)施村莊基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)工程，新建改建農(nóng)村公路20萬(wàn)公里。全面深化農(nóng)村改革，深化農(nóng)村土地征收制度改革，穩(wěn)慎推進(jìn)農(nóng)村宅基地制度改革，推進(jìn)房地一體的農(nóng)村集體建設(shè)用地和宅基地使用權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證，加快盤(pán)活利用閑置宅基地和閑置農(nóng)房，推進(jìn)農(nóng)村集體產(chǎn)權(quán)制度改革。深化農(nóng)墾改革發(fā)展。

1) We will continue with the rural revitalization strategy. 

Following the general principle of prioritizing agricultural and rural development, we will make good strides in completing the tasks in the Strategic Agenda for Rural Revitalization (2018-2022). We will accelerate the work on formulating village development plans, promote the upgrading of infrastructure and public services in rural areas, refine the diversified investment mechanism, and work toward integrated planning and connectivity for road, water, power, gas, and information infrastructure in urban and rural areas. Public services will cover more villages, and social programs will cover all rural areas. More support will be given to projects to build on the progress made in ensuring safe drinking water in rural areas. We will ensure good results in the three-year campaign to improve rural living environments, putting a focus on advancing the Toilet Revolution, and working to efficiently treat household waste and sewage, promote the sorting and recycling of rural waste, and make our villages beautiful. We will step up efforts to comprehensively tackle soil erosion in rural areas and ensure small water basins are ecologically clean. 

We will improve the infrastructure networks for logistics that cover counties, townships, and villages, speed up the building of backbone logistics networks and cold-chain logistics facilities for agricultural products, and promote the sharing of major municipal facilities between urban and rural areas. We will launch projects to improve village infrastructure, and build or upgrade 200,000 kilometers of rural roads.

We will deepen rural reforms on all fronts. We will push ahead reform on the rural land requisition system, advance the reform on rural land designated for housing in a steady, prudent manner, and continue the determination, registration, and certification of integrated housing ownership and land-use rights for rural collective land designated for construction and for rural land designated for housing. We will work quickly to put to good use idle land designated for housing and vacant dwellings, further reform the rural collective property rights system, and advance the reform of state farms on reclaimed land.

二是扎實(shí)推進(jìn)以人為核心的新型城鎮(zhèn)化。建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制和政策體系，推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展。推動(dòng)落實(shí)1億非戶(hù)籍人口在城市落戶(hù)目標(biāo)，加快推進(jìn)戶(hù)籍制度改革，推進(jìn)租賃房屋的常住人口在城市公共戶(hù)口落戶(hù)。加快城市群一體化體制機(jī)制建設(shè)，增強(qiáng)中心城市輻射帶動(dòng)力，加強(qiáng)交通設(shè)施聯(lián)通，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)布局。持續(xù)提升城市品質(zhì)，推進(jìn)城區(qū)老工業(yè)區(qū)、城鎮(zhèn)人口密集區(qū)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)等搬遷改造，有序推動(dòng)城市老舊小區(qū)改造，支持加裝電梯和無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)，積極打造新型智慧城市，推進(jìn)地下綜合管廊、海綿城市和城市排水防澇設(shè)施建設(shè)。規(guī)范有序建設(shè)特色小鎮(zhèn)。加快建立多元可持續(xù)的城鎮(zhèn)化資金保障機(jī)制。

2) We will make solid progress in people-centered new urbanization. 

We will set up robust institutions, mechanisms, and policy systems to promote integrated urban-rural development. Working toward the goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people, we will move faster to reform the household registration system, and allow permanent residents renting accommodation to register under the public residency category in cities.

We will accelerate the building of institutions and mechanisms for integrated growth in city clusters, and boost the role of principal cities in driving the development of surrounding areas by enhancing transportation connectivity and improving the layout of industries.

We will make consistent efforts to improve urban environments. We will move forward work on relocating and renovating old urban industrial areas and hazardous chemical plants located in densely-populated districts, and upgrade old residential quarters in an orderly way. We will encourage the installation of elevators in old residential buildings, and support efforts to develop a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities. We will actively foster new types of smart cities, and develop utility tunnels, sponge cities, and urban drainage and rainwater control facilities. We will encourage the well-regulated and well-ordered development of towns with distinctive features, and put in place diversified and sustainable funding mechanisms for urbanization.

三是著力推動(dòng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。制定西部開(kāi)發(fā)開(kāi)放新的政策措施，推進(jìn)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)形成新格局，推動(dòng)西部地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境、營(yíng)商環(huán)境、開(kāi)放環(huán)境、創(chuàng)新環(huán)境明顯改善。支持東北地區(qū)深化改革創(chuàng)新推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，加快落實(shí)優(yōu)化營(yíng)商環(huán)境、深化國(guó)企改革、促進(jìn)民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等政策舉措。支持中部地區(qū)發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢(shì)，夯實(shí)制造業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，有力有序承接國(guó)內(nèi)外產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。支持中西部和東北地區(qū)建設(shè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)移轉(zhuǎn)化示范區(qū)。推進(jìn)實(shí)施淮河生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展規(guī)劃。加大力度支持革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)、貧困地區(qū)加快發(fā)展，深入實(shí)施興邊富民行動(dòng)，積極促進(jìn)資源型地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展。推動(dòng)國(guó)家級(jí)新區(qū)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，積極推動(dòng)和支持臨空經(jīng)濟(jì)示范區(qū)、自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)等平臺(tái)建設(shè)。制定堅(jiān)持陸海統(tǒng)籌、加快建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)政策及規(guī)劃，推動(dòng)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

3) We will make progress in coordinated regional development. 

We will formulate new policies and measures for development and opening up in the western region and work to create a new pattern of large-scale development in the region. Marked improvements will be made to the region's ecological environment as well as its environments for doing business, opening up, and innovating. 

We will support northeast China in deepening reform and innovation and pursuing high-quality development and move faster to enact policies and measures to enhance the local business environment, reform SOEs, and boost the private sector. 

We will support the central region to harness local strengths in consolidating the foundation of the manufacturing sector and accommodating industries relocated from other parts of China and abroad in an effective and orderly manner. We will support the central and western regions and northeast China in building demonstration zones for the transfer and commercialization of advances in science and technology. 

We will push forward implementation of the development plan for the Huai River Eco-Economic Belt. We will give stronger support to see faster development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, boost development and improve living standards in border regions, and promote economic transformation and development in resource-dependent areas.

We will promote high-quality development of state-level new areas, and actively work to support the construction of airport economy demonstration zones, innovation demonstration zones, and other platforms.

We will formulate policies and plans on coordinating land and marine development and building China into a strong maritime country, and ensure high-quality development of the maritime economy.

四是深入實(shí)施國(guó)家重大區(qū)域戰(zhàn)略。促進(jìn)京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展，積極穩(wěn)妥有序推進(jìn)北京非首都功能疏解，出臺(tái)實(shí)施雄安新區(qū)相關(guān)規(guī)劃及改革開(kāi)放配套實(shí)施方案，推進(jìn)交通、生態(tài)、公共服務(wù)等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目建設(shè)，持續(xù)推動(dòng)北京城市副中心建設(shè)，建好首都水源涵養(yǎng)功能區(qū)與生態(tài)環(huán)境支撐區(qū)。深入推動(dòng)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展，按照統(tǒng)籌山水林田湖草系統(tǒng)治理的思路，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)“三水共治”和生態(tài)環(huán)境治理“4+1”工程，發(fā)揮鐵路、公路、水運(yùn)各自?xún)?yōu)勢(shì)整體設(shè)計(jì)綜合運(yùn)輸體系。將長(zhǎng)江三角洲區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展上升為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，制定實(shí)施發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要。編制粵港澳大灣區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生態(tài)環(huán)境等專(zhuān)項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，支持深圳前海、廣州南沙、珠海橫琴等粵港澳合作發(fā)展平臺(tái)建設(shè)。

4) We will continue implementing major national strategies for regional development. 

Pursuing coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, we will continue relieving Beijing of functions non-essential to its role as China's capital in a proactive, prudent, and orderly manner; formulate development plans on the Xiongan New Area and supplementary guidelines on its reform and opening up; move forward with infrastructure projects on transportation, ecology, and public services; continue the construction of Beijing's administrative center in Tongzhou; and effectively develop zones for water source conservation and ecosystem and environment support for the capital.

We will advance the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt. In line with a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems, we will take solid steps to employ the three-fold approach of controlling water pollution, restoring water ecosystems, and conserving water resources, and the "4+1" project on treating urban sewage and garbage and curbing pollution from the chemicals industry, ships, agricultural non-point sources, and tailing sites. We will give play to the advantages of railways, highways, and water transportation in developing an integrated transportation system. In addition, we will upgrade the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta to a national strategy and formulate a development plan to this end.

We will draw up plans on industrial development, infrastructure, and ecological conservation and environmental protection for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and support the development of Shenzhen's Qianhai, Guangzhou's Nansha, and Zhuhai's Hengqin as platforms for cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao.

（八）切實(shí)保障和改善民生。堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，突出?；径档拙€(xiàn)，精心做好各項(xiàng)民生工作，實(shí)施好更具有普惠性和可持續(xù)性的社會(huì)政策。

8. Ensuring and improving people's wellbeing

Acting on the people-centered philosophy of development, we will ensure people's basic needs are met, do well the job of improving living standards, and introduce social policies that are more inclusive and sustainable.

一是扎實(shí)做好就業(yè)優(yōu)先工作。加強(qiáng)對(duì)美貿(mào)易重點(diǎn)企業(yè)用工監(jiān)測(cè)，完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)預(yù)案，落實(shí)好受影響企業(yè)的援企穩(wěn)崗等措施。扎實(shí)做好高校畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)工作，加強(qiáng)對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)各類(lèi)就業(yè)困難人員的就業(yè)幫扶。深入實(shí)施高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)促進(jìn)計(jì)劃和基層成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃，啟動(dòng)實(shí)施三年百萬(wàn)青年見(jiàn)習(xí)計(jì)劃。加強(qiáng)對(duì)靈活就業(yè)、新就業(yè)形態(tài)的支持，鼓勵(lì)各地加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)業(yè)孵化載體，深入推進(jìn)返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)試點(diǎn)示范。不斷健全職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度，加快推行終身職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度。健全技術(shù)工人職業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)制。組織實(shí)施公共職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái)建設(shè)行動(dòng)方案。加快產(chǎn)教融合實(shí)訓(xùn)基地建設(shè)。大力弘揚(yáng)工匠精神，積極推行企業(yè)新型學(xué)徒制。推進(jìn)農(nóng)民工職業(yè)技能提升計(jì)劃等專(zhuān)項(xiàng)培訓(xùn)。繼續(xù)實(shí)施階段性降低失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率政策，實(shí)質(zhì)性擴(kuò)大失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)基金穩(wěn)就業(yè)支出，全面落實(shí)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)基金穩(wěn)崗返還政策。實(shí)施職業(yè)技能提升行動(dòng)，從失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)基金結(jié)余中拿出1000億元，用于1500萬(wàn)人次以上的職工技能提升和轉(zhuǎn)崗轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)培訓(xùn)。支持困難企業(yè)開(kāi)展職工在崗培訓(xùn)，加強(qiáng)失業(yè)人員職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)或創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)。對(duì)招用農(nóng)村貧困人口、城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)半年以上人員的各類(lèi)企業(yè)，三年內(nèi)給予定額稅費(fèi)減免。加大對(duì)殘疾人等就業(yè)困難人群幫扶力度，確保零就業(yè)家庭動(dòng)態(tài)清零。

1) We will put employment first. 

We will step up monitoring of the employment situation in major enterprises involved in the trade with the US, and set up sound contingency plans and take solid steps to support affected enterprises in keeping employment stable. We will carry out solid work on increasing employment for key groups such as college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and rural migrant workers, and provide stronger employment support for all types of urban residents having difficulty finding employment.

We will continue the initiatives to help college graduates find jobs, guide them in starting businesses, and encourage them to work at community level. A three-year program will be launched to provide internships for 1 million unemployed young people. We will increase support for flexible and new forms of employment, promote the establishment of business incubators across the country, and continue the pilot and demonstration programs on supporting rural migrant workers and others returning home to start businesses.

We will improve the vocational skills training system, and move faster to roll out a system for life-long training. Sound professional development mechanisms for skilled workers will be set up. We will begin work on implementing the action plan on building a basic platform for public vocational training, and move quickly to construct training centers for integrating vocational education with industry. We will keep working to foster a craftsmanship spirit, and introduce a new corporate apprenticeship model. We will promote specialized training programs to help migrant workers improve their skills. 

We will continue implementing the time-limited policy of reducing unemployment insurance premiums, substantially expand the scope of expenditures from unemployment insurance funds to ensure employment, and fully enforce the policy of refunding unemployment insurance premiums to help enterprises maintain stable employment. To implement vocational skills training initiatives, 100 billion yuan will be allocated from the balance of unemployment insurance funds for no less than 15 million places on training courses to improve vocational skills and provide reemployment training. We will support enterprises facing difficulties in providing on-the-job training, and give better training in professional skills and business startup to unemployed workers.

All types of enterprises that hire staff who are from rural poor populations or on the urban unemployment register for a minimum period of six months, will be eligible for fixed tax and fee deductions for three years. We will increase support to people with disabilities and others having difficulty finding jobs, and eliminate the phenomenon of zero-employment families.

二是進(jìn)一步完善社會(huì)保障制度和政策。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)多層次社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)，推進(jìn)以國(guó)家政務(wù)服務(wù)平臺(tái)為統(tǒng)一入口的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)。研究制定建立退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金合理調(diào)整機(jī)制。推進(jìn)貧困人口基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度全覆蓋。落實(shí)企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金中央調(diào)劑制度，加快完善養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，落實(shí)降低社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率相關(guān)工作。全面推進(jìn)建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和大病保險(xiǎn)制度。擴(kuò)大長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度試點(diǎn)。加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療保障基金監(jiān)管。進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)跨省異地就醫(yī)直接結(jié)算。完善農(nóng)村低保制度，健全低保對(duì)象認(rèn)定辦法。完善失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度，研究解決新業(yè)態(tài)從業(yè)人員中無(wú)工作單位人員的職業(yè)傷害保障問(wèn)題。落實(shí)特困人員救助供養(yǎng)制度，加大臨時(shí)救助力度，優(yōu)化救助方式和審核審批程序，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行社會(huì)救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價(jià)上漲掛鉤聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。持續(xù)開(kāi)展農(nóng)村危房改造，繼續(xù)做好棚戶(hù)區(qū)改造工作，進(jìn)一步規(guī)范發(fā)展公租房。

2) We will improve the system and policies for social security. 

We will fully establish a multi-tiered social security system, and set up a social insurance public services platform, which is accessible through the national government service portal. We will work on establishing a mechanism for rational adjustments to basic pension benefits for retirees. We will make progress toward ensuring all people in poverty are covered under the basic old-age insurance scheme. We will implement the central regulation system for enterprise employees' basic old-age insurance funds, move faster to improve unified management of old-age insurance funds at the provincial level, and take steps to ensure reductions in social insurance premiums. 

We will take comprehensive moves to establish unified basic medical insurance and major disease insurance systems for rural and non-working urban residents. We will carry out trials for long-term care insurance schemes. We will tighten supervision over and management of medical insurance funds, and further improve the mechanism for trans-provincial on-the-spot settlement of medical bills via medical insurance accounts.

We will improve the system of subsistence allowances for rural residents, and modify the methods for determining eligibility. We will improve the unemployment insurance system, and work to resolve the problem of work-related injury insurance for people without fixed employers working in new forms of business. We will provide assistance and basic necessities to people in extreme poverty, increase temporary assistance, and improve assistance provision methods and the related review and approval procedures, and continue the practice of increasing social security assistance and benefit payments in step with price increases.

We will continue the renovation of dilapidated rural houses and run-down urban areas, and continue to develop public rental housing in a well-regulated manner.

三是深入推進(jìn)公共服務(wù)補(bǔ)短板強(qiáng)弱項(xiàng)提質(zhì)量。制定國(guó)家基本公共服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，推動(dòng)各地區(qū)各領(lǐng)域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范做好銜接，實(shí)施社會(huì)領(lǐng)域公共服務(wù)補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)弱項(xiàng)、提質(zhì)量行動(dòng)方案。出臺(tái)實(shí)施促進(jìn)3歲以下嬰幼兒照護(hù)服務(wù)發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)，著力增加托育服務(wù)有效供給。堅(jiān)持教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展。積極支持優(yōu)質(zhì)普惠學(xué)前教育資源擴(kuò)容建設(shè)，堅(jiān)持公辦民辦并舉，在持續(xù)辦好公辦幼兒園的同時(shí)，引導(dǎo)社會(huì)力量多舉辦普惠性幼兒園，加快完善普惠性民辦幼兒園認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及扶持政策。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育一體化發(fā)展，深入實(shí)施高中階段教育普及攻堅(jiān)計(jì)劃，積極消除城鎮(zhèn)中小學(xué)“大班額”。持續(xù)改善貧困地區(qū)學(xué)校基本辦學(xué)條件，加大對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困地區(qū)兒童早期發(fā)展的支持力度，強(qiáng)化農(nóng)村和貧困地區(qū)控輟保學(xué)工作，加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村教師隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。依法支持民辦教育發(fā)展?？茖W(xué)穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)民族地區(qū)雙語(yǔ)教育。發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育，改革高職院?？荚囌猩k法、辦學(xué)體制和育人機(jī)制，支持企業(yè)和社會(huì)力量興辦職業(yè)教育，加快學(xué)歷證書(shū)和職業(yè)技能等級(jí)證書(shū)互通銜接。加快“雙一流”建設(shè)，促進(jìn)高等教育內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。實(shí)施好教育現(xiàn)代化推進(jìn)工程。2019年，九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率預(yù)期達(dá)到94.6%，高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率預(yù)期達(dá)到89.4%，高職院校擴(kuò)招100萬(wàn)人，普通高等教育本專(zhuān)科招生預(yù)期達(dá)到870萬(wàn)人，研究生招生預(yù)期達(dá)到93.3萬(wàn)人。深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。積極推動(dòng)建立分級(jí)診療制度、現(xiàn)代醫(yī)院管理制度、全民醫(yī)療保障、藥品供應(yīng)保障、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生行業(yè)綜合監(jiān)管五項(xiàng)制度。發(fā)展“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+醫(yī)療健康”，加快建立遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系。穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)區(qū)域醫(yī)療中心規(guī)劃建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)重大疾病防治，繼續(xù)實(shí)施疑難病癥診治能力提升和中醫(yī)藥傳承創(chuàng)新工程。加快兒童藥物研發(fā)。加強(qiáng)罕見(jiàn)病用藥保障。深化醫(yī)保支付方式改革，優(yōu)化醫(yī)保支出結(jié)構(gòu)。堅(jiān)持預(yù)防為主，加強(qiáng)公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)、職業(yè)病和地方病防治能力建設(shè)。抓好青少年近視防治。完善生育配套政策。加快完善疫苗藥品監(jiān)管長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)醫(yī)德醫(yī)風(fēng)建設(shè)和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域失信治理。開(kāi)展社會(huì)辦醫(yī)示范行動(dòng)，制定促進(jìn)健康產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展行動(dòng)綱要。加強(qiáng)居民身心健康教育和自我健康管理。加強(qiáng)城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老設(shè)施建設(shè)，積極引導(dǎo)民間資本和外資進(jìn)入養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)，大力發(fā)展養(yǎng)老特別是社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)。推進(jìn)實(shí)施社會(huì)服務(wù)兜底工程，提升老年人、殘疾人、困境兒童、農(nóng)村留守兒童、精神障礙患者等困難群體服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)水平。切實(shí)加強(qiáng)婦女、未成年人、殘疾人等社會(huì)群體權(quán)益保護(hù)。啟動(dòng)實(shí)施積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化中長(zhǎng)期規(guī)劃。推動(dòng)大運(yùn)河文化帶建設(shè)，積極推進(jìn)平安故宮、國(guó)家美術(shù)館、中國(guó)工藝美術(shù)館、國(guó)家圖書(shū)館國(guó)家文獻(xiàn)戰(zhàn)略?xún)?chǔ)備庫(kù)等重大文化項(xiàng)目建設(shè)。深入推進(jìn)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)文物保護(hù)利用改革和歷史文化遺跡保護(hù)修復(fù)。繁榮發(fā)展哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)，建好中國(guó)特色新型智庫(kù)。倡導(dǎo)全民閱讀。大力推進(jìn)實(shí)施全國(guó)紅色旅游經(jīng)典景區(qū)三期總體建設(shè)方案。推動(dòng)冬奧會(huì)場(chǎng)館建設(shè)，加大體育設(shè)施建設(shè)力度。辦好2019年北京世界園藝博覽會(huì)。嚴(yán)格落實(shí)安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，完善安全監(jiān)管體制，抓好食品藥品、交通等安全。

3) We will work hard to address inadequacies in public services, shore up points of weakness, and boost service quality.

We will formulate national standards for basic public services, promote greater cohesion in the standards and norms of different regions and sectors, and carry out an action plan to address inadequacies in public services, shore up points of weakness, and improve service quality.

We will issue the guidelines on promoting development of care services for children under three and ensure more effective supply of childcare. Top priority will be given to education. We will support efforts to make high-quality, public-interest preschool educational resources more broadly available, and support both public and privately-run kindergartens. While ensuring sound development of public kindergartens, we will encourage private entities to operate more public-interest kindergartens, and move quickly to set sound standards for accrediting private public-interest kindergartens, as well as subsidies and supportive policies for such kindergartens. 

We will continue pushing for integrated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, intensify efforts to universalize senior secondary education, and endeavor to put an end to big class sizes in urban primary and secondary schools. We will continue to improve the basic conditions of schools in poor areas, increase support for early education for children in poor rural areas, work on reducing the drop-out rate in rural and poor areas, and foster a stronger workforce of teachers in rural education. 

We will support the development of privately-run schools in accordance with the law. We will promote bilingual education in areas with large ethnic minority populations in a systematic and steady manner. In our efforts to develop modern vocational education, we will reform the enrolment procedures, operational mechanisms, and teaching methods of vocational colleges, support enterprises and private actors' participation in running vocational schools, and speed up work to align vocational technical grade certificates with academic credentials. We will accelerate the development of world-class universities and disciplines, and encourage universities to pursue intensive development. We will ensure progress in initiatives to modernize Chinese education.

In 2019, the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education is expected to reach 94.6%, the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education is expected to reach 89.4%, the number of students enrolled in vocational colleges will grow by 1 million, and regular institutions of higher learning are projected to enroll 8.7 million undergraduate students and 933,000 graduate students.

Reform of the medical and health care system will be deepened. We will make a concerted push to establish the five systems of tiered diagnosis and treatment, modern hospital management, universal health insurance, medicine supplies, and comprehensive healthcare oversight. We will develop Internet Plus Healthcare models, and quickly establish a telemedicine service system. We will make steady progress in planning and building regional medical centers, and build up the ranks of rural doctors. We will step up prevention and treatment of major diseases, and continue the projects on enhancing China's ability to diagnose and treat difficult and complicated diseases and on preserving and making new advances in traditional Chinese medicine. R&D on pediatric medications will advance at a faster pace, and the supply of medicines for rare diseases will be better guaranteed. Reform of medical insurance payouts will be furthered, and their composition will be improved. With the emphasis on prevention, we will enhance our capacity to provide public health services and to prevent and treat occupational and endemic diseases. Effective measures will be taken to prevent and control myopia among teenagers; and supplementary childbirth policies will be improved. We will redouble our efforts to improve the long-term mechanism for supervision over vaccines and drugs, and intensify work on strengthening professional ethics and work practices and addressing failures to act in good faith in the healthcare sector. We will take actions to develop model private hospitals, and formulate an action plan on promoting high-quality development of the health industry. We will step up public education on physical and mental health and the management of personal health. 

We will take stronger steps to develop urban and rural elderly care facilities, encourage the investment of private and foreign capital in elderly care services, and make a big push to develop elderly care services, particularly at the community level. We will ensure the provision of social services to those most in need, and upgrade service facilities for the elderly, people with disabilities, children living in difficulties, children remaining in rural areas while their parents work in cities, people with mental illness, and other vulnerable groups. We will do more to protect the rights and interests of women, minors, people with disabilities, and other groups. The medium- and long-term plan on population aging will be issued for implementation.

We will develop the Grand Canal cultural belt, and move ahead with major cultural projects such as the restoration and conservation of the Palace Museum, the National Art Museum of China, the China National Arts and Crafts Museum, and the National Library's national archive of strategically important documents. We will do more to see that fine traditional Chinese culture is preserved and carried forward. We will carry out reforms to ensure that China's cultural relics are effectively protected and put to proper use, and step up the protection and restoration of historical and cultural heritage sites. We will see that philosophy and the social sciences flourish, and develop new types of distinctively Chinese think tanks. We will foster a love of reading in our people. 

We will support the implementation of phase three of the national general plan for the development of symbolic sites important in early CPC history. We will move forward with the construction of venues for the 2022 Winter Olympics and other sports facilities. We will ensure the success of the International Horticultural Exhibition 2019, Beijing.

We will strictly enforce the accountability system for workplace safety, improve safety-related oversight institutions, and enhance food, drug, and traffic safety.

進(jìn)一步支持香港、澳門(mén)融入國(guó)家發(fā)展大局，加快推進(jìn)粵港澳大灣區(qū)規(guī)劃建設(shè)，實(shí)施好港澳居民證件便利化、進(jìn)一步便利港澳居民到內(nèi)地創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)、降低粵港澳通信漫游費(fèi)用等政策措施。支持香港、澳門(mén)參與國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和新一輪高水平開(kāi)放，努力把香港、澳門(mén)打造成國(guó)家雙向開(kāi)放的重要區(qū)域。支持香港提升國(guó)際金融、航運(yùn)、貿(mào)易中心地位，促進(jìn)香港同內(nèi)地加強(qiáng)科技合作，支持香港建設(shè)國(guó)際創(chuàng)新科技中心。支持澳門(mén)加強(qiáng)世界旅游休閑中心、中葡商貿(mào)合作服務(wù)平臺(tái)建設(shè)，打造中醫(yī)藥科技產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展平臺(tái)，支持澳門(mén)打造以中華文化為主流、多元文化共存的交流合作基地。擴(kuò)大海峽兩岸交流合作、深化兩岸融合發(fā)展，持續(xù)落實(shí)促進(jìn)兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流合作的31條措施，推出更多惠及臺(tái)灣同胞的政策措施，為臺(tái)胞臺(tái)企在大陸實(shí)現(xiàn)更好發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件。

We will give more support to Hong Kong and Macao in integrating themselves into the overall development of the country, and accelerate the planning and development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. We will carry out policies and measures to make it easier for Hong Kong and Macao residents to apply for mainland residence permits and to pursue development on the mainland. Roaming rates in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao area will be cut. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in participating in national high-quality economic development and in the new round of high-standard opening up, and strive to see them develop into important regions for China's two-way opening up.

We will support Hong Kong in its efforts to raise its standing as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, promote Hong Kong's cooperation with the mainland in science and technology, and support Hong Kong in developing itself as an international center for innovation in science and technology.

We will support Macao in building itself into a world tourism and leisure center, in serving as a platform for business and trade cooperation between China and Lusophone countries, in building itself as a hub for scientific and industrial development of traditional Chinese medicine, and in developing itself as an exchange and cooperation base where Chinese culture is prevalent and diverse cultures coexist.

We will expand cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation, deepen integrated development between the two sides of the Straits, and continue to implement the 31 measures designed to boost cross-Straits economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation. We will bring forward more policies and measures to benefit our Taiwan compatriots and create conditions for them and their businesses to achieve better development on the mainland.

各位代表，做好2019年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展工作意義重大，任務(wù)艱巨。我們要更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央周?chē)?，高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想為指導(dǎo)，按照黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署，自覺(jué)接受全國(guó)人大的監(jiān)督，虛心聽(tīng)取全國(guó)政協(xié)的意見(jiàn)和建議，敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、真抓實(shí)干，自力更生、艱苦奮斗，改革創(chuàng)新、攻堅(jiān)克難，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)平穩(wěn)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展，以?xún)?yōu)異成績(jī)慶祝中華人民共和國(guó)成立70周年！

Esteemed Deputies,

Accomplishing the work for economic and social development in 2019 is both a demanding and important task. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. In line with the CPC Central Committee and the State Council's decisions and plans, we will consciously accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee.

Let us shoulder our responsibilities, fulfill our duties, be self-reliant and hard-working, carry out reform and innovation, tackle tough issues, and promote steady, sound, and sustainable economic and social development, so as to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the People's Republic of China with outstanding achievements.

（注：本文省略了原文中的圖表和專(zhuān)欄）

(Note: Charts, tables and boxes omitted)

（來(lái)源：新華網(wǎng)）

(Source: Xinhua)