抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的中國行動

（2020年6月）

中華人民共和國 

國務(wù)院新聞辦公室

Fighting Covid-19 

China in Action 

The State Council Information Office of  

the People's Republic of China 

June 2020

目錄

Contents

前言

Foreword

一、中國抗擊疫情的艱辛歷程

I. China's Fight against the Epidemic: A Test of Fire

（一）第一階段：迅即應(yīng)對突發(fā)疫情

Stage I: Swift Response to the Public Health Emergency

(December 27, 2019 - January 19, 2020)

（二）第二階段：初步遏制疫情蔓延勢頭

Stage II: Initial Progress in Containing the Virus

(January 20 - February 20, 2020)

（三）第三階段：本土新增病例數(shù)逐步下降至個位數(shù)

Stage III: Newly Confirmed Domestic Cases on the Chinese Mainland Drop to Single Digits

(February 21 - March 17, 2020)

（四）第四階段：取得武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)決定性成果

Stage IV: Wuhan and Hubei – An Initial Victory in a Critical Battle

(March 18 - April 28, 2020)

（五）第五階段：全國疫情防控進(jìn)入常態(tài)化

Stage V: Ongoing Prevention and Control

(Since April 29, 2020)

二、防控和救治兩個戰(zhàn)場協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)

II. Well-Coordinated Prevention, Control and Treatment

（一）建立統(tǒng)一高效的指揮體系

1. Centralized and Efficient Command

（二）構(gòu)建全民參與嚴(yán)密防控體系

2. A Tight Prevention and Control System Involving All Sectors of Society

（三）全力救治患者、拯救生命

3. An All-Out Effort to Treat Patients and Save Lives

（四）依法及時公開透明發(fā)布疫情信息

4. China Has Released Information in an Open and Transparent Manner as Required by Law

（五）充分發(fā)揮科技支撐作用

5. Science and Technology Underpin China's Efforts

　三、凝聚抗擊疫情的強(qiáng)大力量

III. Assembling a Powerful Force to Beat the Virus

（一）人的生命高于一切

1. Lives Are Precious

（二）舉全國之力抗擊疫情

2. Mobilizing the Whole Country to Fight the Epidemic

（三）平衡疫情防控與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會民生

3. Coordinating Prevention and Control with Social and Economic Development

（四）14億中國人民堅韌奉獻(xiàn)守望相助

4. Uniting as One – China's Billion People

四、共同構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體

IV. Building a Global Community of Health for All

（一）中國感謝和銘記國際社會寶貴支持和幫助

1. China Appreciates Support from the International Community

（二）中國積極開展國際交流合作

2. China Conducts Active International Exchanges and Cooperation

（三）國際社會團(tuán)結(jié)合作共同抗疫

3. International Solidarity and Cooperation in Fighting the Pandemic

結(jié)束語

Afterword

前言

Foreword

新型冠狀病毒肺炎是近百年來人類遭遇的影響范圍最廣的全球性大流行病，對全世界是一次嚴(yán)重危機(jī)和嚴(yán)峻考驗。人類生命安全和健康面臨重大威脅。

The Covid-19 global pandemic is the most extensive to afflict humanity in a century. A serious crisis for the entire world, and a daunting challenge, it poses a grave threat to human life and health.

這是一場全人類與病毒的戰(zhàn)爭。面對前所未知、突如其來、來勢洶洶的疫情天災(zāi)，中國果斷打響疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)。中國把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，以堅定果敢的勇氣和決心，采取最全面最嚴(yán)格最徹底的防控措施，有效阻斷病毒傳播鏈條。14億中國人民堅韌奉獻(xiàn)、團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，構(gòu)筑起同心戰(zhàn)疫的堅固防線，彰顯了人民的偉大力量。

This is a war that humanity has to fight and win. Facing this unknown, unexpected, and devastating disease, China launched a resolute battle to prevent and control its spread. Making people's lives and health its first priority, China adopted extensive, stringent, and thorough containment measures, and has for now succeeded in cutting all channels for the transmission of the virus. 1.4 billion Chinese people have exhibited enormous tenacity and solidarity in erecting a defensive rampart that demonstrates their power in the face of such natural disasters.

中國始終秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，肩負(fù)大國擔(dān)當(dāng)，同其他國家并肩作戰(zhàn)、共克時艱。中國本著依法、公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，第一時間向國際社會通報疫情信息，毫無保留同各方分享防控和救治經(jīng)驗。中國對疫情給各國人民帶來的苦難感同身受，盡己所能向國際社會提供人道主義援助，支持全球抗擊疫情。

Having forged the idea that the world is a global community of shared future, and believing that it must act as a responsible member, China has fought shoulder to shoulder with the rest of the world. In an open, transparent, and responsible manner and in accordance with the law, China gave timely notification to the international community of the onset of a new coronavirus, and shared without reserve its experience in containing the spread of the virus and treating the infected. China has great empathy with victims all over the world, and has done all it can to provide humanitarian aid in support of the international community's endeavors to stem the pandemic.

當(dāng)前，疫情在全球持續(xù)蔓延。中國為被病毒奪去生命和在抗擊疫情中犧牲的人們深感痛惜，向爭分奪秒搶救生命、遏制疫情的人們深表敬意，向不幸感染病毒、正在進(jìn)行治療的人們表達(dá)祝愿。中國堅信，國際社會同舟共濟(jì)、守望相助，就一定能夠戰(zhàn)勝疫情，走出人類歷史上這段艱難時刻，迎來人類發(fā)展更加美好的明天。

The virus is currently wreaking havoc throughout the world. China grieves for those who have been killed and those who have sacrificed their lives in the fight, extends the greatest respect to those who are struggling to save lives, and offers true moral support to those who are infected and receiving treatment. China firmly believes that as long as all countries unite and cooperate to mount a collective response, the international community will succeed in overcoming the pandemic, and will emerge from this dark moment in human history into a brighter future.

為記錄中國人民抗擊疫情的偉大歷程，與國際社會分享中國抗疫的經(jīng)驗做法，闡明全球抗疫的中國理念、中國主張，中國政府特發(fā)布此白皮書。

To keep a record of China's efforts in its own fight against the virus, to share its experience with the rest of the world, and to clarify its ideas on the global battle, the Chinese government now releases this white paper.

一、中國抗擊疫情的艱辛歷程

I. China's Fight against the Epidemic: A Test of Fire

新冠肺炎疫情是新中國成立以來發(fā)生的傳播速度最快、感染范圍最廣、防控難度最大的一次重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，對中國是一次危機(jī)，也是一次大考。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府高度重視、迅速行動，習(xí)近平總書記親自指揮、親自部署，統(tǒng)攬全局、果斷決策，為中國人民抗擊疫情堅定了信心、凝聚了力量、指明了方向。在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國上下貫徹“堅定信心、同舟共濟(jì)、科學(xué)防治、精準(zhǔn)施策”總要求，打響抗擊疫情的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)。經(jīng)過艱苦卓絕的努力，中國付出巨大代價和犧牲，有力扭轉(zhuǎn)了疫情局勢，用一個多月的時間初步遏制了疫情蔓延勢頭，用兩個月左右的時間將本土每日新增病例控制在個位數(shù)以內(nèi)，用3個月左右的時間取得了武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)的決定性成果，疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果，維護(hù)了人民生命安全和身體健康，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界公共衛(wèi)生安全作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

The Covid-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency. The virus has spread faster and wider than any other since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, and has proven to be the most difficult to contain. It is both a crisis and a major test for China. The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government have addressed the epidemic as a top priority, and taken swift action. General Secretary Xi Jinping has taken personal command, planned the response, overseen the general situation and acted decisively, pointing the way forward in the fight against the epidemic. This has bolstered the Chinese people's confidence and rallied their strength. Under the leadership of the CPC, the whole nation has followed the general principle of "remaining confident, coming together in solidarity, adopting a science-based approach, and taking targeted measures", and waged an all-out people's war on the virus.

Through painstaking efforts and tremendous sacrifice, and having paid a heavy price, China has succeeded in turning the situation around. In little more than a single month, the rising spread of the virus was contained; in around two months, the daily increase in domestic coronavirus cases had fallen to single digits; and in approximately three months, a decisive victory was secured in the battle to defend Hubei Province and its capital city of Wuhan. With these strategic achievements, China has protected its people's lives, safety and health, and made a significant contribution to safeguarding regional and global public health.

截至2020年5月31日24時，31個省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)累計報告確診病例83017例，累計治愈出院病例78307例，累計死亡病例4634例，治愈率94.3%，病亡率5.6%?；仡櫱耙浑A段中國抗疫歷程，大體分為五個階段。

As of 24:00 of May 31, 2020, a cumulative total of 83,017 confirmed cases had been reported on the Chinese mainland, 78,307 infected had been cured and discharged from hospital, and 4,634 people had died. This demonstrates a cure rate of 94.3 percent and a fatality rate of 5.6 percent.

China's fight against the epidemic can be divided into five stages.

（一）第一階段：迅即應(yīng)對突發(fā)疫情

Stage I: Swift Response to the Public Health Emergency

（2019年12月27日至2020年1月19日）

(December 27, 2019 - January 19, 2020)

湖北省武漢市監(jiān)測發(fā)現(xiàn)不明原因肺炎病例，中國第一時間報告疫情，迅速采取行動，開展病因?qū)W和流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，阻斷疫情蔓延。及時主動向世界衛(wèi)生組織以及美國等國家通報疫情信息，向世界公布新型冠狀病毒基因組序列。武漢地區(qū)出現(xiàn)局部社區(qū)傳播和聚集性病例，其他地區(qū)開始出現(xiàn)武漢關(guān)聯(lián)確診病例，中國全面展開疫情防控。

As soon as cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China acted immediately to conduct etiological and epidemiological investigations and to stop the spread of the disease, and promptly reported the situation. In a timely manner, China informed the WHO and other countries, including the US, of the developing situation, and released the genome sequence of the novel coronavirus. After community spread and clusters of cases emerged in Wuhan, and confirmed cases were reported in other Chinese regions, which were due to virus carriers traveling from the city, a nationwide program of epidemic prevention and control was launched.

（1）2019年12月27日，湖北省中西醫(yī)結(jié)合醫(yī)院向武漢市江漢區(qū)疾控中心報告不明原因肺炎病例。武漢市組織專家從病情、治療轉(zhuǎn)歸、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、實驗室初步檢測等方面情況分析，認(rèn)為上述病例系病毒性肺炎。

(1) December 27, 2019: Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause to the Wuhan Jianghan Center for Disease Prevention and Control. The Wuhan city government arranged for experts to look into these cases through an analysis of the patients' condition and clinical outcome, the findings of epidemiological investigations, and preliminary laboratory testing results. The conclusion was that they were cases of a viral pneumonia.

（2）12月30日，武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委向轄區(qū)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)布《關(guān)于做好不明原因肺炎救治工作的緊急通知》。國家衛(wèi)生健康委獲悉有關(guān)信息后立即組織研究，迅速開展行動。

(2) December 30: The Wuhan City Health Commission (WCHC) issued Urgent Notice on Treatment of Patients with Pneumonia of Unknown Cause. Upon learning of developments, the National Health Commission (NHC) acted immediately to organize research into the disease.

（3）12月31日凌晨，國家衛(wèi)生健康委作出安排部署，派出工作組、專家組趕赴武漢市，指導(dǎo)做好疫情處置工作，開展現(xiàn)場調(diào)查。武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委在官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)布《關(guān)于當(dāng)前我市肺炎疫情的情況通報》，發(fā)現(xiàn)27例病例，提示公眾盡量避免到封閉、空氣不流通的公眾場合和人多集中地方，外出可佩戴口罩。當(dāng)日起，武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委依法發(fā)布疫情信息。

(3) December 31: The NHC made arrangements in the small hours to send a working group and an expert team to Wuhan to guide its response to the situation and conduct on-site investigations.

The WCHC website carried its Information Circular on the Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, confirming 27 cases and urging the public to stay away from enclosed public places with poor ventilation and venues where large crowds gathered. The commission also suggested the use of face masks when going out. From that day on, the WCHC began to release updates on the disease in accordance with the law.

（4）2020年1月1日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委成立疫情應(yīng)對處置領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組。1月2日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎防控“三早”方案》；中國疾控中心、中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院收到湖北省送檢的第一批4例病例標(biāo)本，即開展病原鑒定。

(4) January 1, 2020: The NHC set up a leading group on the disease response. The next day, it formulated Guidelines on Early Detection, Early Diagnosis and Early Quarantine for Prevention and Control of Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) and the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) received the first batch of samples of four cases discovered in Hubei and began the pathogen identification process.

（5）1月3日，武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委在官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)布《關(guān)于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情況通報》，共發(fā)現(xiàn)44例不明原因的病毒性肺炎病例。國家衛(wèi)生健康委組織中國疾控中心等4家科研單位對病例樣本進(jìn)行實驗室平行檢測，進(jìn)一步開展病原鑒定。國家衛(wèi)生健康委會同湖北省衛(wèi)生健康委制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎診療方案（試行）》等9個文件。當(dāng)日起，中國有關(guān)方面定期向世界衛(wèi)生組織、有關(guān)國家和地區(qū)組織以及中國港澳臺地區(qū)及時主動通報疫情信息。

(5) January 3: The WCHC issued Information Circular on Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause, reporting a total of 44 cases.

Under the direction of the NHC, China CDC and three other institutions carried out parallel laboratory testing of the samples to identify the pathogen. The NHC and the Health Commission of Hubei Province jointly formulated nine documents, including Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause (for Trial Implementation).

From that day on, on a regular basis, China began to update the WHO, relevant countries, and regional organizations, as well as its own regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, on the development of the disease.

（6）1月4日，中國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人與美國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人通電話，介紹疫情有關(guān)情況，雙方同意就信息溝通和技術(shù)協(xié)作保持密切聯(lián)系。國家衛(wèi)生健康委會同湖北省衛(wèi)生健康部門制定《不明原因的病毒性肺炎醫(yī)療救治工作手冊》。

(6) January 4: The head of China CDC held a telephone conversation with the director of the US CDC, briefing him about the new pneumonia. The two sides agreed to keep in close contact on information sharing and cooperation on technical matters.

The NHC and related health departments in Hubei Province produced Treatment Manual for Viral Pneumonia of Unknown Cause.

（7）1月5日，武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委在官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)布《關(guān)于不明原因的病毒性肺炎情況通報》，共發(fā)現(xiàn)59例不明原因的病毒性肺炎病例，根據(jù)實驗室檢測結(jié)果，排除流感、禽流感、腺病毒、傳染性非典型性肺炎和中東呼吸綜合征等呼吸道病原。中國向世界衛(wèi)生組織通報疫情信息。世界衛(wèi)生組織首次就中國武漢出現(xiàn)的不明原因肺炎病例進(jìn)行通報。

(7) January 5: The WCHC updated information on its website, reporting a total of 59 cases of the viral pneumonia of unknown cause. Laboratory tests ruled out respiratory pathogens as the cause, such as influenza, avian influenza, adenovirus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus.

China sent a situation update to the WHO. The WHO released its first briefing on cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.

（8）1月6日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委在全國衛(wèi)生健康工作會議上通報武漢市不明原因肺炎有關(guān)情況，要求加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測、分析和研判，及時做好疫情處置。

(8) January 6: The NHC gave a briefing on cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan at a national health conference, calling for greater efforts to monitor, analyze and study them, and prepare for a timely response.

（9）1月7日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平在主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議時，對做好不明原因肺炎疫情防控工作提出要求。

(9) January 7: Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and issued instructions on the prevention and control of a possible epidemic of the pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan.

（10）1月7日，中國疾控中心成功分離新型冠狀病毒毒株。

(10) January 7: China CDC succeeded in isolating the first novel coronavirus strain.

（11）1月8日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委專家評估組初步確認(rèn)新冠病毒為疫情病原。中美兩國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人通電話，討論雙方技術(shù)交流合作事宜。

(11) January 8: An expert evaluation team designated by the NHC initially identified a new coronavirus as the cause of the disease. The heads of the China and US CDCs held a telephone discussion on technical exchanges and cooperation.

（12）1月9日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委專家評估組對外發(fā)布武漢市不明原因的病毒性肺炎病原信息，病原體初步判斷為新型冠狀病毒。中國向世界衛(wèi)生組織通報疫情信息，將病原學(xué)鑒定取得的初步進(jìn)展分享給世界衛(wèi)生組織。世界衛(wèi)生組織網(wǎng)站發(fā)布關(guān)于中國武漢聚集性肺炎病例的聲明，表示在短時間內(nèi)初步鑒定出新型冠狀病毒是一項顯著成就。

(12) January 9: The NHC expert evaluation team released information on the pathogen of the viral pneumonia of unknown cause, and made a preliminary judgment that a new coronavirus was the cause.

China informed the WHO of developments and the initial progress that had been made in determining the cause of the viral pneumonia. The WHO released on its website a statement regarding a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, indicating that the preliminary identification of a novel coronavirus in such a short period of time was a notable achievement.

（13）1月10日，中國疾控中心、中國科學(xué)院武漢病毒研究所等專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)初步研發(fā)出檢測試劑盒，武漢市立即組織對在院收治的所有相關(guān)病例進(jìn)行排查。國家衛(wèi)生健康委、中國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人分別與世界衛(wèi)生組織負(fù)責(zé)人就疫情應(yīng)對處置工作通話，交流有關(guān)信息。

(13) January 10: Research institutions including China CDC and the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) came up with an initial version of test kits. Wuhan immediately began to test all relevant cases admitted to local hospitals to screen for the new coronavirus.

The heads of the NHC and China CDC held separate telephone conversations with the head of the WHO about China's response to the disease, and exchanged information.

（14）1月11日起，中國每日向世界衛(wèi)生組織等通報疫情信息。

(14) January 11: China started to update the WHO and other parties concerned on a daily basis.

（15）1月12日，武漢市衛(wèi)生健康委在情況通報中首次將“不明原因的病毒性肺炎”更名為“新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎”。中國疾控中心、中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院、中國科學(xué)院武漢病毒研究所作為國家衛(wèi)生健康委指定機(jī)構(gòu)，向世界衛(wèi)生組織提交新型冠狀病毒基因組序列信息，在全球流感共享數(shù)據(jù)庫（GISAID）發(fā)布，全球共享。國家衛(wèi)生健康委與世界衛(wèi)生組織分享新冠病毒基因組序列信息。

(15) January 12: The WCHC changed "viral pneumonia of unknown cause" to "pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus" in an information circular on its website.

China CDC, the CAMS and the WIV, as designated agencies of the NHC, submitted to the WHO the genome sequence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which was published by the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data to be shared globally.

（16）1月13日，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在主持召開國務(wù)院全體會議時，對做好疫情防控提出要求。

(16) January 13: Premier Li Keqiang chaired a State Council meeting and announced requirements for epidemic prevention and control.

（17）1月13日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委召開會議，部署指導(dǎo)湖北省、武漢市進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化管控措施，加強(qiáng)口岸、車站等人員體溫監(jiān)測，減少人群聚集。世界衛(wèi)生組織官方網(wǎng)站發(fā)表關(guān)于在泰國發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒病例的聲明指出，中國共享了基因組測序結(jié)果，使更多國家能夠快速診斷患者。香港、澳門、臺灣考察團(tuán)赴武漢市考察疫情防控工作。

(17) January 13: The NHC held a meeting to provide guidance to Hubei and Wuhan authorities, advising them to further strengthen management, step up body temperature monitoring at ports and stations, and reduce crowded gatherings.

The WHO issued on its website a statement on the discovery of novel coronavirus cases in Thailand, recognizing that China's sharing of the genome sequence of the virus had enabled more countries to rapidly diagnose cases.

An inspection team from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan visited Wuhan to learn about the prevention and control of the disease.

（18）1月14日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委召開全國電視電話會議，部署加強(qiáng)湖北省、武漢市疫情防控工作，做好全國疫情防范應(yīng)對準(zhǔn)備工作。會議指出，新冠病毒導(dǎo)致的新發(fā)傳染病存在很大不確定性，人與人之間的傳播能力和傳播方式仍需要深入研究，不排除疫情進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)散蔓延的可能性。

(18) January 14: The NHC held a national teleconference, specifying arrangements for epidemic prevention and control in Hubei and Wuhan, and for emergency preparations and response across the country. The NHC cautioned that there was great uncertainty about the new disease, and that more research was needed to understand its mode of transmission and the risk of human-to-human transmissibility. Further spread could not be ruled out.

（19）1月15日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎第一版診療方案、防控方案。

(19) January 15: The NHC unveiled the first versions of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, and Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.

（20）1月16日，聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)（PCR）診斷試劑優(yōu)化完成，武漢市對全部69所二級以上醫(yī)院發(fā)熱門診就醫(yī)和留觀治療的患者進(jìn)行主動篩查。

(20) January 16: As the optimization of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnostic reagents was completed, Wuhan began to screen all patients treated in fever clinics or under medical observation in the 69 hospitals at or above the level of grade two in the city.

（21）1月17日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委派出7個督導(dǎo)組赴地方指導(dǎo)疫情防控工作。

(21) January 17: The NHC sent seven inspection teams to different provincial-level health agencies to guide local epidemic prevention and control.

（22）1月18日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎第二版診療方案。

(22) January 18: The NHC released the second version of Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.

（23）1月18日至19日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委組織國家醫(yī)療與防控高級別專家組趕赴武漢市實地考察疫情防控工作。19日深夜，高級別專家組經(jīng)認(rèn)真研判，明確新冠病毒出現(xiàn)人傳人現(xiàn)象。

(23) January 18 and 19: The NHC assembled a high-level national team of senior medical and disease control experts and sent them to Wuhan to study the local response to the epidemic. In the middle of the night of January 19, after careful examination and deliberation, the team determined that the new coronavirus was spreading between humans.

（二）第二階段：初步遏制疫情蔓延勢頭

Stage II: Initial Progress in Containing the Virus

（1月20日至2月20日）

(January 20 - February 20, 2020)

全國新增確診病例快速增加，防控形勢異常嚴(yán)峻。中國采取阻斷病毒傳播的關(guān)鍵一招，堅決果斷關(guān)閉離漢離鄂通道，武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)全面打響。中共中央成立應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，并向湖北等疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)派出中央指導(dǎo)組。國務(wù)院先后建立聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)推進(jìn)工作機(jī)制。全國集中資源和力量馳援湖北省和武漢市。各地啟動重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。最全面最嚴(yán)格最徹底的全國疫情防控正式展開，疫情蔓延勢頭初步遏制。

The situation became most pressing with the rapid increase in newly confirmed cases in China. As a crucial step to stem the spread of the virus, the Chinese government took the decisive measure to close outbound traffic from Wuhan. This marked the beginning of an all-out battle to protect Wuhan and Hubei from the epidemic.

The CPC Central Committee set up a leading group for novel coronavirus prevention and control and sent the Central Steering Group to Hubei. A joint epidemic prevention and control mechanism and in due course a mechanism to facilitate resumption of work were set up under the State Council. Resources were mobilized nationwide to assist Hubei and Wuhan. Major public health emergency responses were activated across China.

The most comprehensive, stringent and thorough epidemic prevention and control campaign was launched nationwide, and initial progress was made in curbing the spread of the virus.

（1）1月20日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平對新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情作出重要指示，指出要把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，堅決遏制疫情蔓延勢頭；強(qiáng)調(diào)要及時發(fā)布疫情信息，深化國際合作。

(1) January 20: President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, gave important instructions on fighting the novel coronavirus. He emphasized that people's lives and health must come first and resolute efforts should be taken to stem the spread of the virus. He called for prompt release of information on the epidemic and enhanced international cooperation.

（2）1月20日，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)主持召開國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議，進(jìn)一步部署疫情防控工作，并根據(jù)《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》將新冠肺炎納入乙類傳染病，采取甲類傳染病管理措施。

(2) January 20: During an executive meeting of the State Council, Premier Li Keqiang decided to take more steps for epidemic prevention and control. A decision was taken to classify the novel coronavirus pneumonia as a Class B infectious disease in compliance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, but to apply to it the preventive and control measures for a Class A infectious disease.

（3）1月20日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制召開電視電話會議，部署全國疫情防控工作。

(3) January 20: The State Council convened a teleconference to plan for nationwide prevention and control of the disease.

（4）1月20日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委組織召開記者會，高級別專家組通報新冠病毒已出現(xiàn)人傳人現(xiàn)象。

(4) January 20: The NHC held a press conference for the high-level expert team, at which it was confirmed that the virus could transmit from human to human.

（5）1月20日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布公告，將新冠肺炎納入傳染病防治法規(guī)定的乙類傳染病并采取甲類傳染病的防控措施；將新冠肺炎納入《中華人民共和國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法》規(guī)定的檢疫傳染病管理。國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第二版）》。

(5) January 20: The NHC made a statement on implementing the above State Council decision and bringing the pneumonia under quarantinable infectious disease management in accordance with the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China. The NHC also released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 2).

（6）1月22日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平作出重要指示，要求立即對湖北省、武漢市人員流動和對外通道實行嚴(yán)格封閉的交通管控。

(6) January 22: Xi Jinping ordered the immediate imposition of tight restrictions on the movement of people and channels of exit in Hubei and Wuhan.

（7）1月22日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療方案（試行第三版）》。國務(wù)院新聞辦公室就疫情舉行第一場新聞發(fā)布會，介紹疫情有關(guān)情況。國家衛(wèi)生健康委收到美方通報，美國國內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)首例確診病例。國家生物信息中心開發(fā)的2019新型冠狀病毒信息庫正式上線，發(fā)布全球新冠病毒基因組和變異分析信息。

(7) January 22: The NHC issued Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 3). The State Council Information Office held its first press conference on the novel coronavirus.

The NHC was notified by the United States about its first confirmed case.

The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource database was officially launched by the China National Center for Bioinformation, which released the novel coronavirus genome and provided information on variation analysis to the international community.

（8）1月23日凌晨2時許，武漢市疫情防控指揮部發(fā)布1號通告，23日10時起機(jī)場、火車站離漢通道暫時關(guān)閉。交通運(yùn)輸部發(fā)出緊急通知，全國暫停進(jìn)入武漢市道路水路客運(yùn)班線發(fā)班。國家衛(wèi)生健康委等6部門發(fā)布《關(guān)于嚴(yán)格預(yù)防通過交通工具傳播新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎的通知》。1月23日至29日，全國各省份陸續(xù)啟動重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件省級一級應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。

(8) January 23: At around 2 a.m. Wuhan City Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control Command Center issued the No. 1 public notice declaring temporary closure of the city's outbound routes at its airports and railway stations at 10 a.m. the same day. The Ministry of Transport issued an emergency circular suspending passenger traffic into Wuhan from other parts of the country by road or waterway. The NHC and five other government departments also issued Notice on Preventing the Transmission of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia via Means of Transport. From January 23 to January 29, all provinces and equivalent administrative units on the Chinese mainland (hereafter all provinces) activated Level 1 public health emergency response.

（9）1月23日，中國科學(xué)院武漢病毒研究所、武漢市金銀潭醫(yī)院、湖北省疾病預(yù)防控制中心研究團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)新冠病毒的全基因組序列與SARS－CoV的序列一致性有79.5%。國家微生物科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)中心和國家病原微生物資源庫共同建成“新型冠狀病毒國家科技資源服務(wù)系統(tǒng)”，發(fā)布新冠病毒第一張電子顯微鏡照片和毒株信息。

(9) January 23: Researchers of the WIV, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and the Hubei Provincial CDC discovered that the whole genome sequence of the 2019-nCoV shares 79.5 percent of the SARS-CoV sequence.

The Novel Coronavirus National Science and Technology Resource Service System, jointly set up by the National Microbiology Data Center and the National Pathogen Resource Collection Center, released the first electron microscope image of the virus and its strain information.

（10）1月24日開始，從各地和軍隊調(diào)集346支國家醫(yī)療隊、4.26萬名醫(yī)務(wù)人員和965名公共衛(wèi)生人員馳援湖北省和武漢市。

(10) January 24: Dispatch of national medical teams to Hubei and Wuhan began. In the ensuing period, a total of 346 medical teams composed of 42,600 medical workers and 965 public health workers from across the country and the armed forces were dispatched.

（11）1月25日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，明確提出“堅定信心、同舟共濟(jì)、科學(xué)防治、精準(zhǔn)施策”總要求，強(qiáng)調(diào)堅決打贏疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)；指出湖北省要把疫情防控工作作為當(dāng)前頭等大事，采取更嚴(yán)格的措施，內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散、外防輸出；強(qiáng)調(diào)要按照集中患者、集中專家、集中資源、集中救治“四集中”原則，將重癥病例集中到綜合力量強(qiáng)的定點(diǎn)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行救治，及時收治所有確診病人。會議決定，中共中央成立應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組，在中央政治局常務(wù)委員會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下開展工作；中共中央向湖北等疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)派出指導(dǎo)組，推動有關(guān)地方全面加強(qiáng)防控一線工作。

(11) January 25: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He called for resolute efforts to win the battle to contain the virus with "confidence and solidarity, a science-based approach and targeted measures". He urged Hubei to make epidemic control its top priority and apply more rigorous measures to stem the spread of the virus within the province and beyond. All confirmed patients, he said, must be hospitalized without delay, and severe cases must be sent to designated hospitals with sufficient medical resources so that they could be treated by medical experts. A decision was taken at the meeting that the central Party leadership would set up a leading group for novel coronavirus prevention and control under the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau. It was also decided that the central Party leadership would send a steering group to Hubei to oversee epidemic control on the ground.

（12）1月25日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布通用、旅游、家庭、公共場所、公共交通工具、居家觀察等6個公眾預(yù)防指南。

(12) January 25: The NHC released six sets of guidelines on disease prevention: for general use, tourism, households, public places, public transport and home observation.

（13）1月26日，中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理、中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長李克強(qiáng)主持召開領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組第一次全體會議。國務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)通知，決定延長2020年春節(jié)假期，各地大專院校、中小學(xué)、幼兒園推遲開學(xué)。國家藥監(jiān)局應(yīng)急審批通過4家企業(yè)4個新型冠狀病毒檢測產(chǎn)品，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大新型冠狀病毒核酸檢測試劑供給能力。

(13) January 26: Premier Li Keqiang, also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and head of the Central Leading Group for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control, chaired the group's first meeting.

The General Office of the State Council issued the decision to extend the Chinese New Year holiday of 2020 and postpone the opening of all universities, colleges, secondary schools, elementary schools and kindergartens.

The National Medical Products Administration fast-tracked approval of four novel coronavirus test kits made by four companies to boost capacity for producing virus nucleic acid test kits.

（14）1月27日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平作出指示，要求中國共產(chǎn)黨各級組織和廣大黨員、干部，牢記人民利益高于一切，不忘初心、牢記使命，團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)廣大人民群眾堅決貫徹落實黨中央決策部署，全面貫徹“堅定信心、同舟共濟(jì)、科學(xué)防治、精準(zhǔn)施策”的要求，讓黨旗在防控疫情斗爭第一線高高飄揚(yáng)。

(14) January 27: Xi Jinping issued an instruction calling on all CPC organizations and members to bear in mind the supremacy of the people's interests and the Party's founding mission, strengthen confidence and solidarity, take a science-based approach and targeted measures, and lead the people in implementing the decisions made by the central Party leadership.

（15）1月27日，受中共中央總書記習(xí)近平委托，中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理、中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長李克強(qiáng)赴武漢市考察指導(dǎo)疫情防控工作，代表中共中央、國務(wù)院慰問疫情防控一線的醫(yī)護(hù)人員。同日，中央指導(dǎo)組進(jìn)駐武漢市，全面加強(qiáng)對一線疫情防控的指導(dǎo)督導(dǎo)。

(15) January 27: Li Keqiang paid an inspection visit to Wuhan on behalf of Xi Jinping, where he gave guidance on virus control and expressed appreciation to frontline health workers. The Central Steering Group arrived in Wuhan on the same day to strengthen overall guidance of and supervision over the prevention and control of the disease at the front line.

（16）1月27日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療方案（試行第四版）》。國家衛(wèi)生健康委負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)約與美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人通話，就當(dāng)前新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作進(jìn)行交流。

(16) January 27: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 4).

The head of the NHC discussed epidemic prevention and control with the head of the US Department of Health and Human Services (US HHS) in a telephone call.

（17）1月28日，國家主席習(xí)近平在北京會見世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事譚德塞時指出，疫情是魔鬼，我們不能讓魔鬼藏匿；指出中國政府始終本著公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度及時向國內(nèi)外發(fā)布疫情信息，積極回應(yīng)各方關(guān)切，加強(qiáng)與國際社會合作；強(qiáng)調(diào)中方愿同世界衛(wèi)生組織和國際社會一道，共同維護(hù)好地區(qū)和全球的公共衛(wèi)生安全。

(17) January 28: Xi Jinping met with WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus in Beijing. He said, "The virus is a devil, and we must hunt it down. The Chinese government has been providing timely updates on the epidemic in an open, transparent and responsible way. We have responded to the concerns of various parties and enhanced cooperation with the international community." He expressed China's readiness to work with the WHO and the international community to safeguard public health both in the region and globally.

（18）1月28日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎防控方案（第三版）》。

(18) January 28: The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 3).

（19）1月30日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委通過官方渠道告知美方，歡迎美國加入世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合專家組。美方當(dāng)天即回復(fù)表示感謝。

(19) January 30: The NHC notified the US through the official channel that American experts were welcome to join the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease. The US replied and expressed its appreciation on the same day.

（20）1月31日，世界衛(wèi)生組織宣布新冠肺炎疫情構(gòu)成“國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件”。國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎重癥患者集中救治方案》。

(20) January 31: The WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. The NHC released Guidelines on Treating Novel Coronavirus Patients with Severe Symptoms in Designated Hospitals.

（21）2月2日開始，在中央指導(dǎo)組指導(dǎo)下，武漢市部署實施確診患者、疑似患者、發(fā)熱患者、確診患者的密切接觸者“四類人員”分類集中管理，按照應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治、應(yīng)檢盡檢、應(yīng)隔盡隔“四應(yīng)”要求，持續(xù)開展拉網(wǎng)排查、集中收治、清底排查三場攻堅戰(zhàn)。

(21) February 2: Under the guidance of the Central Steering Group, Wuhan began to adopt measures to put four categories of people – confirmed cases, suspected cases, febrile patients who might be carriers, and close contacts – under classified management in designated facilities. The policy of ensuring that all those in need are tested, isolated, hospitalized or treated was implemented. Actions were taken to conduct mass screenings to identify people with infections, hospitalize them, and collect accurate data on case numbers.

（22）2月2日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委負(fù)責(zé)人致函美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)人，就雙方衛(wèi)生和疫情防控合作再次交換意見。

(22) February 2: The head of the NHC sent a letter to the head of the US HHS to further exchange views on bilateral cooperation on public health and epidemic prevention and control.

（23）2月3日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出要進(jìn)一步完善和加強(qiáng)防控，嚴(yán)格落實早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告、早隔離、早治療“四早”措施；強(qiáng)調(diào)要全力以赴救治患者，努力“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”。

(23) February 3: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He required that epidemic control measures be improved and strengthened and that the principle of early detection, reporting, quarantine and treatment be strictly observed. He called for saving lives by raising admission and cure rates and lowering infection and fatality rates.

（24）2月3日，中央指導(dǎo)組從全國調(diào)集22支國家緊急醫(yī)學(xué)救援隊，在武漢市建設(shè)方艙醫(yī)院。

(24) February 3: The Central Steering Group sent to Wuhan 22 national emergency medical teams from all over China, and gave the order to construct temporary treatment centers.

（25）2月4日，中國疾控中心負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)約與美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所負(fù)責(zé)人通電話，交流疫情信息。

(25) February 4: The head of China CDC took a telephone call from the head of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in which they exchanged views on the novel coronavirus.

（26）2月5日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央全面依法治國委員會主任習(xí)近平主持召開中央全面依法治國委員會第三次會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)要始終把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，從立法、執(zhí)法、司法、守法各環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)力，全面提高依法防控、依法治理能力，為疫情防控工作提供有力法治保障。

(26) February 5: Xi Jinping chaired the third meeting of the Commission for Law-based Governance under the CPC Central Committee. He stressed the importance of putting the people's lives and health first, and the need to raise China's overall capacity of law-based disease prevention and control through the joint efforts of the legislature, law enforcement agencies, the judiciary and the public. This would ensure that epidemic prevention and control is conducted in compliance with the law.

（27）2月5日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度，供應(yīng)湖北省醫(yī)用N95口罩首次實現(xiàn)供大于需。

(27) February 5: The State Council through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism strengthened coordination, which made it possible for the supply of medical N95 masks to exceed Hubei's requirement.

（28）2月5日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎診療方案（試行第五版）》。

(28) February 5: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 5).

（29）2月7日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化責(zé)任落實做好防治工作的通知》，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎防控方案（第四版）》。

(29) February 7: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Notice on Delivery of Duties for Effective Prevention and Control of the Disease.

The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 4).

（30）2月8日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委在亞太經(jīng)合組織衛(wèi)生工作組會議上介紹中國防疫努力和措施。國家衛(wèi)生健康委向中國駐外使領(lǐng)館通報新型冠狀病毒防控、診療、監(jiān)測、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、實驗室檢測等方案。中美兩國衛(wèi)生部門負(fù)責(zé)人再次就美方專家參加中國－世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合專家考察組的安排進(jìn)行溝通。

(30) February 8: The NHC gave briefings on China's epidemic control efforts and measures at a meeting of the APEC health working group. It also gave briefings to Chinese diplomatic missions overseas on the guidelines for prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment, monitoring, epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing of the novel coronavirus.

Heads of Chinese and US health authorities further exchanged views on arrangements for American experts to join the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease.

（31）2月10日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平在北京調(diào)研指導(dǎo)新冠肺炎疫情防控工作，并通過視頻連線武漢市收治新冠肺炎患者的金銀潭醫(yī)院、協(xié)和醫(yī)院、火神山醫(yī)院，強(qiáng)調(diào)要以更堅定的信心、更頑強(qiáng)的意志、更果斷的措施，緊緊依靠人民群眾，堅決打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)；指出湖北和武漢是疫情防控的重中之重，是打贏疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)的決勝之地，武漢勝則湖北勝，湖北勝則全國勝，要打好武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)；強(qiáng)調(diào)要按照集中患者、集中專家、集中資源、集中救治“四集中”原則，全力做好救治工作；強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅決抓好“外防輸入、內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散”兩大環(huán)節(jié)，盡最大可能切斷傳染源，盡最大可能控制疫情波及范圍。

(31) February 10: Xi Jinping inspected prevention and control work in Beijing. He also talked by video link to doctors from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan Union Hospital and Huoshenshan Hospital where novel coronavirus patients were being treated. He called for strengthening confidence and taking more decisive measures to stem the spread of and win the people's all-out war against the virus. He emphasized that top priority must be given to Hubei and Wuhan, as they were the decisive battlegrounds. Victory in Wuhan would ensure victory in Hubei, and ultimately victory across the country. No effort would be spared in saving lives. The infected should be treated in designated hospitals by top-level doctors and with all necessary resources guaranteed. Strict measures must be taken to forestall inbound and intra-city transmissions, neutralize all sources of infection and stem the spread of the virus to the greatest extent possible.

（32）2月10日，建立省際對口支援湖北省除武漢市以外地市新冠肺炎醫(yī)療救治工作機(jī)制，統(tǒng)籌安排19個省份對口支援湖北省武漢市以外16個市州及縣級市。

(32) February 10: A mechanism was established to organize pairing assistance from other provinces to Hubei's cities other than Wuhan for treatment of the infected. Assistance from 19 provinces was rendered to 16 cities in Hubei.

（33）2月11日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制加強(qiáng)協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度，供應(yīng)湖北省醫(yī)用防護(hù)服首次實現(xiàn)供大于求。

(33) February 11: Thanks to strengthened coordination under the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the supply of medical protective suits to Hubei exceeded its needs.

（34）2月11日，中國疾控中心專家應(yīng)約與美國疾控中心流感部門專家召開電話會議，溝通和分享疫情防控信息。

(34) February 11: China CDC experts had a teleconference at the request of flu experts from the US CDC, during which they shared information on novel coronavirus prevention and control.

（35）2月12日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出疫情防控工作到了最吃勁的關(guān)鍵階段，要毫不放松做好疫情防控重點(diǎn)工作，加強(qiáng)疫情特別嚴(yán)重或風(fēng)險較大的地區(qū)防控；強(qiáng)調(diào)要圍繞“提高收治率和治愈率”“降低感染率和病亡率”，抓好疫情防控重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)；強(qiáng)調(diào)要全面增強(qiáng)收治能力，堅決做到“應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治”，提高收治率；強(qiáng)調(diào)要提高患者特別是重癥患者救治水平，集中優(yōu)勢醫(yī)療資源和技術(shù)力量救治患者；強(qiáng)調(diào)人口流入大省大市要按照“聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、群防群控”要求，切實做好防控工作。

(35) February 12: At a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping noted that China's novel coronavirus prevention and control had reached the most crucial stage. Key epidemic control tasks must be fulfilled, and greater attention must be given to the hardest-hit and high-risk areas. He called for improvements in key links in disease control to raise the admission and cure rates and lower the infection and fatality rates. Hospital capacity must be boosted to ensure admission and treatment for all patients. The best medical resources and technologies should be pooled to treat all infections, particularly the most severe cases. He urged those provinces and cities with large population inflows to strengthen cross-region joint prevention and control and society-wide efforts to contain the virus.

（36）2月13日，美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人致函中國國家衛(wèi)生健康委負(fù)責(zé)人，溝通雙方衛(wèi)生和疫情防控合作等有關(guān)安排。

(36) February 13: The head of the NHC received a letter from the head of the US HHS on arrangements concerning bilateral cooperation on public health and novel coronavirus prevention and control.

（37）2月14日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央全面深化改革委員會主任習(xí)近平主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第十二次會議，指出確保人民生命安全和身體健康，是中國共產(chǎn)黨治國理政的一項重大任務(wù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)既要立足當(dāng)前，科學(xué)精準(zhǔn)打贏疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)，更要放眼長遠(yuǎn)，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗、吸取教訓(xùn)，針對這次疫情暴露出來的短板和不足，抓緊補(bǔ)短板、堵漏洞、強(qiáng)弱項，完善重大疫情防控體制機(jī)制，健全國家公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急管理體系。

(37) February 14: Xi Jinping chaired the 12th meeting of the Commission for Further Reform under the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized that protecting people's lives and health is a high priority on the CPC's governance agenda. Immediate, science-based and targeted measures must be taken to stamp out the virus. Experience and lessons must be drawn to enhance preparedness in the future. Swift actions must be taken to address problems, plug loopholes, and reinforce weak links. He also emphasized the need to improve both the mechanism for preventing and controlling major epidemics and the national public health emergency response system.

（38）2月14日，全國除湖北省以外其他省份新增確診病例數(shù)實現(xiàn)“十連降”。

(38) February 14: All provinces and equivalent administrative units other than Hubei saw a continuous drop in newly confirmed cases for the 10th consecutive day.

（39）2月15日，國務(wù)院新聞辦公室首次在湖北省武漢市舉行疫情防控新聞發(fā)布會。至2月15日，已有7個診斷檢測試劑獲批上市，部分藥物篩選與治療方案、疫苗研發(fā)、動物模型構(gòu)建等取得階段性進(jìn)展。

(39) February 15: The State Council Information Office held its first press conference on novel coronavirus prevention and control in Wuhan. By that day, seven types of test reagents had been approved for market launch, and progress had been made in drug screening, development of therapeutic regimens and vaccines, and animal model construction.

（40）2月16日開始，由中國、德國、日本、韓國、尼日利亞、俄羅斯、新加坡、美國和世界衛(wèi)生組織25名專家組成的中國－世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合專家考察組，利用9天時間，對北京、成都、廣州、深圳和武漢等地進(jìn)行實地考察調(diào)研。

(40) February 16: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19, consisting of 25 experts from China, Germany, Japan, ROK, Nigeria, Russia, Singapore, the US and the WHO, started its nine-day field visit to Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Wuhan.

（41）2月17日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《關(guān)于科學(xué)防治精準(zhǔn)施策分區(qū)分級做好新冠肺炎疫情防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見》，部署各地區(qū)各部門做好分區(qū)分級精準(zhǔn)防控，有序恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序。

(41) February 17: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Guidelines on Taking Science-based, Targeted, Region-specific, and Tiered Measures for Covid-19 Prevention and Control. Local authorities and government departments were required to take measures matching the corresponding levels of emergency response and ensure an orderly return to work and normal life.

（42）2月18日，全國新增治愈出院病例數(shù)超過新增確診病例數(shù)，確診病例數(shù)開始下降。中國國家衛(wèi)生健康委復(fù)函美國衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部，就雙方衛(wèi)生與疫情合作有關(guān)安排進(jìn)一步溝通。

(42) February 18: Nationwide, the daily number of newly cured and discharged coronavirus patients exceeded that of newly confirmed cases, and the number of confirmed cases began to drop.

The NHC sent a reply to the US HHS on further arrangements concerning bilateral health and anti-virus cooperation.

（43）2月19日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，聽取疫情防控工作匯報，研究統(tǒng)籌做好疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作。

(43) February 19: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. The meeting heard reports on coronavirus prevention and control, and studied plans on strengthening virus control while promoting economic and social development.

（44）2月19日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案（試行第六版）》。

(44) February 19: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (Trial Version 6).

（45）2月19日，武漢市新增治愈出院病例數(shù)首次大于新增確診病例數(shù)。

(45) February 19: For the first time in Wuhan, newly cured and discharged cases outnumbered newly confirmed ones.

（三）第三階段：本土新增病例數(shù)逐步下降至個位數(shù)

Stage III: Newly Confirmed Domestic Cases on the Chinese Mainland Drop to Single Digits

（2月21日至3月17日）

(February 21 - March 17, 2020)

湖北省和武漢市疫情快速上升勢頭均得到遏制，全國除湖北省以外疫情形勢總體平穩(wěn)，3月中旬每日新增病例控制在個位數(shù)以內(nèi)，疫情防控取得階段性重要成效。根據(jù)疫情防控形勢發(fā)展，中共中央作出統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展、有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)重大決策。

China had made significant progress: The rapid spread of the virus had been contained in Wuhan and the rest of Hubei Province, the situation in other parts on the mainland had stabilized, and the daily figure for new cases had remained in single digits since mid-March. As the situation evolved, the CPC Central Committee decided to coordinate epidemic control with economic and social development, and organize an orderly return to normal work and daily life.

（1）2月21日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局會議，指出疫情防控工作取得階段性成效，同時，全國疫情發(fā)展拐點(diǎn)尚未到來，湖北省和武漢市防控形勢依然嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜；強(qiáng)調(diào)要針對不同區(qū)域情況，完善差異化防控策略，堅決打好湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，加強(qiáng)力量薄弱地區(qū)防控，全力做好北京疫情防控工作；強(qiáng)調(diào)要建立與疫情防控相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會運(yùn)行秩序，有序推動復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。

(1) February 21: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He pointed out that while significant progress had been made in containing the epidemic, the turning point had not yet arrived at the national level. Wuhan and the entire province of Hubei still faced a grave and complex threat. He instructed that differentiated control measures be adopted to address the problems in different regions, to defend Hubei and its capital city, to step up support to regions with insufficient capacity, and to make an all-out effort to ensure the safety of Beijing, the national capital. He required that the economic and social order be managed in parallel with the anti-epidemic endeavor, and called for an orderly return to normal work and daily life.

（2）2月21日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《企事業(yè)單位復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)疫情防控措施指南》，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒肺炎防控方案（第五版）》。

(2) February 21: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Guidelines on Covid-19 Prevention and Control Measures for Resumption of Work.

The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Edition 5).

（3）2月21日起，各地因地制宜，陸續(xù)調(diào)低省級重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件響應(yīng)級別，逐步取消通行限制。至2月24日，除湖北省、北京市外，其他省份主干公路卡點(diǎn)全部打通，運(yùn)輸秩序逐步恢復(fù)。

(3) February 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to downgrade their public health emergency response level in light of the local situation, and gradually lifted traffic restrictions. By February 24, all provincial trunk highways had reopened, and order was restored to the transport networks with the exception of those in Hubei and Beijing.

（4）2月23日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平出席統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)新冠肺炎疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作部署會議，通過視頻直接面向全國17萬名干部進(jìn)行動員部署，指出新冠肺炎疫情是新中國成立以來在我國發(fā)生的傳播速度最快、感染范圍最廣、防控難度最大的一次重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，這是一次危機(jī)，也是一次大考，經(jīng)過艱苦努力，疫情防控形勢積極向好的態(tài)勢正在拓展；強(qiáng)調(diào)疫情形勢依然嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜，防控正處在最吃勁的關(guān)鍵階段，要堅定必勝信念，咬緊牙關(guān)，繼續(xù)毫不放松抓緊抓實抓細(xì)各項防控工作；強(qiáng)調(diào)要變壓力為動力、善于化危為機(jī)，有序恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，強(qiáng)化“六穩(wěn)”舉措，加大政策調(diào)節(jié)力度，把發(fā)展巨大潛力和強(qiáng)大動能充分釋放出來，努力實現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)。

(4) February 23: President Xi spoke to 170,000 officials nationwide by video link, at a meeting on coordinating epidemic control with economic and social development. He emphasized that this epidemic, given the speed and scope of its spread, represented the most challenging public health emergency in China since the founding of the People's Republic, and that it was both a serious crisis and a major test.

He acknowledged the arduous efforts of all involved, welcoming the fact that control measures were producing increasingly positive results, but noting that the overall situation remained complex and serious, and this stage would be crucial in curbing the spread. The people must maintain their faith in ultimate victory and make unremitting efforts in all of their prevention and control work. He encouraged the nation to turn pressure into strength and adversity into opportunities, and steadily resume normal work and daily life. He demanded a redoubled effort to stabilize the six fronts -- employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, called for stronger policies to unleash the full potential and maintain the strong momentum of China's development, and urged the nation to achieve the goals and tasks set for this year's economic and social development.

（5）2月24日，中國－世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合專家考察組在北京舉行新聞發(fā)布會，認(rèn)為中國在減緩疫情擴(kuò)散蔓延、阻斷病毒人際傳播方面取得明顯效果，已經(jīng)避免或至少推遲了數(shù)十萬人感染新冠肺炎。至2月24日，全國新增確診病例數(shù)已連續(xù)5天在1000例以下，現(xiàn)有確診病例數(shù)近一周以來呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，所有省份新增出院病例數(shù)均大于或等于新增確診病例數(shù)。

(5) February 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing, during which team members agreed that China had achieved notable success in slowing the spread of the virus and blocking human-to-human transmission, at least delaying and possibly preventing hundreds of thousands of infections. "This approach, what we call an 'all-of-government, all-of-society' approach, very old-fashioned, too old in some ways, has probably, definitely reverted, and probably prevented at least tens of thousands, but probably hundreds of thousands of cases of Covid-19 in China".

By February 24, the daily number of new infections on the Chinese mainland had remained below 1,000 for five consecutive days, the number of existing confirmed cases had kept dropping for almost a week, and the daily figure for discharged patients was now equal to or had surpassed that of new infections in all provincial-level administrative units.

（6）2月25日起，全面加強(qiáng)出入境衛(wèi)生檢疫工作，對出入境人員嚴(yán)格健康核驗、體溫監(jiān)測、醫(yī)學(xué)巡查、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、醫(yī)學(xué)排查、采樣監(jiān)測，防止疫情跨境傳播。

(6) February 25: China started to tighten up border quarantine, conducting a strict check of health and body temperature, and carrying out medical inspection, epidemiological investigation, medical screening, and sample monitoring of all inbound and outbound travelers, in order to minimize the cross-border spread of the epidemic.

（7）2月26日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出全國疫情防控形勢積極向好的態(tài)勢正在拓展，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展加快恢復(fù)，同時湖北省和武漢市疫情形勢依然復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻，其他有關(guān)地區(qū)疫情反彈風(fēng)險不可忽視；強(qiáng)調(diào)要繼續(xù)集中力量和資源，全面加強(qiáng)湖北省和武漢市疫情防控；強(qiáng)調(diào)要準(zhǔn)確分析把握疫情和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展形勢，緊緊抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，確保打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)，努力實現(xiàn)決勝全面建成小康社會、決戰(zhàn)脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)。

(7) February 26: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He told the meeting that the national situation in epidemic control was turning for the better and economic and social development was quickly returning to normal, while Wuhan and Hubei as a whole still faced a grave and complex situation, and the possibility of an epidemic resurgence must not be overlooked in other regions.

He called for a greater effort to marshal the resources of the whole country to reinforce Wuhan and Hubei. He emphasized the need to make an accurate assessment of the epidemic dynamics and the conditions facing economic and social development, and focus on the main problems and the key elements of these problems, so as to ensure an overall victory in the battle against the virus, and achieve the goals of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and of the country's poverty alleviation.

（8）2月27日，全國除湖北省以外其他省份，湖北省除武漢市以外其他地市，新增確診病例數(shù)首次雙雙降至個位數(shù)。

(8) February 27: The daily figure for new cases in Hubei other than Wuhan, and in other places on the mainland outside Hubei, both dropped to single digits for the first time.

（9）2月28日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步落實分區(qū)分級差異化防控策略的通知》。

(9) February 28: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council released Notice on Furthering Differentiated, Region-specific and Tiered Prevention and Control Measures.

（10）2月29日，中國－世界衛(wèi)生組織新型冠狀病毒肺炎聯(lián)合考察報告發(fā)布。報告認(rèn)為，面對前所未知的病毒，中國采取了歷史上最勇敢、最靈活、最積極的防控措施，盡可能迅速地遏制病毒傳播；令人矚目的是，在所考察的每一個機(jī)構(gòu)都能夠強(qiáng)有力地落實防控措施；面對共同威脅時，中國人民凝聚共識、團(tuán)結(jié)行動，才使防控措施得以全面有效的實施；每個省、每個城市在社區(qū)層面都團(tuán)結(jié)一致，幫助和支持脆弱人群及社區(qū)。

(10) February 29: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 released a report about its field study trip in China. The report described China's control efforts. It said, "In the face of a previously unknown virus, China has rolled out perhaps the most ambitious, agile and aggressive disease containment effort in history... As striking, has been the uncompromising rigor of strategy application that proved to be a hallmark in every setting and context where it was examined... Achieving China's exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. At a community level this is reflected in the remarkable solidarity of provinces and cities in support of the most vulnerable populations and communities."

（11）3月2日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平在北京考察新冠肺炎防控科研攻關(guān)工作，強(qiáng)調(diào)要把新冠肺炎防控科研攻關(guān)作為一項重大而緊迫任務(wù)，在堅持科學(xué)性、確保安全性的基礎(chǔ)上加快研發(fā)進(jìn)度，為打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)提供強(qiáng)大科技支撐；指出盡最大努力挽救更多患者生命是當(dāng)務(wù)之急、重中之重，要加強(qiáng)藥物、醫(yī)療裝備研發(fā)和臨床救治相結(jié)合，切實提高治愈率、降低病亡率；強(qiáng)調(diào)要加快推進(jìn)已有的多種技術(shù)路線疫苗研發(fā)，爭取早日推動疫苗的臨床試驗和上市使用；指出要把生物安全作為國家總體安全的重要組成部分，加強(qiáng)疫病防控和公共衛(wèi)生科研攻關(guān)體系和能力建設(shè)。

(11) March 2: President Xi inspected several scientific institutions in Beijing, observing their research and development on Covid-19 prevention and control. He said that this work must be taken as a major and pressing task and proceed as speedily as possible, while abiding by the rules of science and ensuring safety, so as to provide strong scientific and technological support for overcoming the epidemic.

Xi Jinping pointed out that saving as many lives as possible, by every possible means, was the number one priority. Research on and development of medicines and medical equipment should be integrated with clinical treatment, with the twin goals of raising the cure rate and lowering the fatality rate. Development of vaccines should be expedited through multiple approaches, so as to make them available for clinical trial and application as quickly as possible.

The president said that biosecurity should be an important part of the holistic approach to national security, and he called for efforts to enhance China's scientific research capacity regarding epidemic prevention and control and public health.

（12）3月3日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案（試行第七版）》，在傳播途徑、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等多個方面作出修改和完善，強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)中西醫(yī)結(jié)合。

(12) March 3: The NHC released Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (Trial Version 7), which made modifications in the determination of transmission routes and clinical symptoms, updated diagnostic criteria, and emphasized the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in treating the disease.

（13）3月4日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出要加快建立同疫情防控相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會運(yùn)行秩序，完善相關(guān)舉措，鞏固和拓展來之不易的良好勢頭；強(qiáng)調(diào)要持續(xù)用力加強(qiáng)湖北省和武漢市疫情防控工作，繼續(xù)保持“內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散、外防輸出”的防控策略。

(13) March 4: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized the need to quickly bring order to economic and social development in the context of epidemic control, improve relevant measures, and consolidate and extend the country's hard-won progress. Wuhan and Hubei must continue their epidemic control, and continue the measures for preventing the virus from spreading within their local area or beyond.

（14）3月6日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平出席決戰(zhàn)決勝脫貧攻堅座談會，指出到2020年現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的農(nóng)村貧困人口全部脫貧，是中共中央向全國人民作出的鄭重承諾，必須如期實現(xiàn)；強(qiáng)調(diào)要以更大決心、更強(qiáng)力度推進(jìn)脫貧攻堅，堅決克服新冠肺炎疫情影響，堅決奪取脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)全面勝利，堅決完成這項對中華民族、對人類都具有重大意義的偉業(yè)。

(14) March 6: Xi Jinping attended a symposium on securing a decisive victory in poverty alleviation. He pointed out that the solemn pledge to lift all rural people living below current poverty line out of poverty by 2020 had been made by the CPC Central Committee to the whole nation, and it must be fulfilled on schedule. He called for greater determination and intensity in advancing poverty alleviation, and highlighted the need to offset the impact of the epidemic in order to clinch a complete victory over poverty – a cause of such tremendous importance to China and all of humanity.

（15）3月6日，全國新增本土確診病例數(shù)降至100例以下，11日降至個位數(shù)。

(15) March 6: The daily increase in the number of domestic cases on the Chinese mainland dropped below 100, and fell further to single digits on March 11.

（16）3月7日，國家衛(wèi)生健康委發(fā)布《新型冠狀病毒肺炎防控方案（第六版）》。

(16) March 7: The NHC released Protocol on Prevention and Control of Covid-19 (Edition 6).

（17）3月10日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平赴湖北省武漢市考察疫情防控工作，指出經(jīng)過艱苦努力，湖北和武漢疫情防控形勢發(fā)生積極向好變化，取得階段性重要成果，但疫情防控任務(wù)依然艱巨繁重，要慎終如始、再接再厲、善作善成，堅決打贏湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)；指出武漢人民識大體、顧大局，不畏艱險、頑強(qiáng)不屈，自覺服從疫情防控大局需要，主動投身疫情防控斗爭，作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)；指出抗擊疫情有兩個陣地，一個是醫(yī)院救死扶傷陣地，一個是社區(qū)防控陣地，要充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)在疫情防控中的重要作用，使所有社區(qū)成為疫情防控的堅強(qiáng)堡壘；強(qiáng)調(diào)打贏疫情防控人民戰(zhàn)爭要緊緊依靠人民，把群眾發(fā)動起來，構(gòu)筑起群防群控的人民防線。

(17) March 10: Xi Jinping went to Wuhan to inspect work on epidemic control. He acknowledged that the situation in Hubei and Wuhan was improving and that hard work had delivered important results, and pointed out that the task remained arduous. He encouraged the people to persevere in their efforts and win the battles against the virus in Hubei and Wuhan. He praised residents in Wuhan for considering the national interest and the general situation. They had proved themselves indomitable and resilient, and they had consciously subordinated their needs to the overall interests of epidemic control, joined the battle against the epidemic, and made a huge contribution.

He pointed out that there were two fronts in the battle against the epidemic: the hospital and the community – the life-saving front and the epidemic prevention and control front. Communities should play their key role in epidemic prevention and control, and every community should serve as a bastion of defense against the virus. He called for a general mobilization, putting in place a defense line across the whole of society and relying on the people to win the battle.

（18）3月11日，世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事譚德塞表示，新冠肺炎疫情已具有大流行特征。

(18) March 11: WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus announced, "We have therefore made the assessment that Covid-19 can be characterized as a pandemic."

（19）3月11日至17日，全國每日新增本土確診病例數(shù)維持在個位數(shù)?？傮w上，中國本輪疫情流行高峰已經(jīng)過去，新增發(fā)病數(shù)持續(xù)下降，疫情總體保持在較低水平。

(19) March 11 to 17: The daily increase in the number of domestic cases on the Chinese mainland remained in single digits. The epidemic peak had passed in China as a whole, with the number of new cases steadily declining and the epidemic comfortably under control.

（20）3月17日，首批42支國家援鄂醫(yī)療隊撤離武漢。

(20) March 17: Forty-two medical teams from around the country left Wuhan, having completed their mission there.

（四）第四階段：取得武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)決定性成果

Stage IV: Wuhan and Hubei – An Initial Victory in a Critical Battle

（3月18日至4月28日）

(March 18 - April 28, 2020)

以武漢市為主戰(zhàn)場的全國本土疫情傳播基本阻斷，離漢離鄂通道管控措施解除，武漢市在院新冠肺炎患者清零，武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)取得決定性成果，全國疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果。境內(nèi)疫情零星散發(fā)，境外疫情快速擴(kuò)散蔓延，境外輸入病例造成關(guān)聯(lián)病例傳播。中共中央把握疫情形勢發(fā)展變化，確定了“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”的防控策略，鞏固深化國內(nèi)疫情防控成效，及時處置聚集性疫情，分類推動復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，關(guān)心關(guān)愛境外中國公民。

By making critical advances in the city of Wuhan, the main battleground against the virus, China initially halted the spread of Covid-19 on the mainland. Restrictions on outbound traffic from Wuhan City and Hubei Province were lifted, and all Covid-19 patients in Wuhan hospitals were discharged. China won a critical battle in defending Wuhan and Hubei against Covid-19, which was a major step forward in the nationwide virus control effort.

During this period, sporadic cases were reported, and more infections were caused by inbound arrivals carrying the virus which continued to spread overseas. In response to the evolving Covid-19 dynamics, the CPC Central Committee adopted an approach to prevent the coronavirus from entering the country and stem its domestic resurgence. Efforts were made to consolidate gains in virus control, promptly treat cluster cases, and get the country back to work sector by sector. Care and support were given to Chinese citizens abroad.

（1）3月18日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)要落實外防輸入重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，完善應(yīng)對輸入性風(fēng)險的防控策略和政策舉措，決不能讓來之不易的疫情防控持續(xù)向好形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)；指出要加強(qiáng)對境外中國公民疫情防控的指導(dǎo)和支持，保護(hù)他們的生命安全和身體健康。

(1) March 18: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He emphasized the need to take rigorous steps to stop inbound cases, so that hard-won gains in virus control would not be lost. He urged stronger measures to protect the health of Chinese citizens overseas.

（2）3月18日，國務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于應(yīng)對新冠肺炎疫情影響強(qiáng)化穩(wěn)就業(yè)舉措的實施意見》。

(2) March 18: The State Council issued Decision on Implementation of Measures to Stabilize Employment by Offsetting the Impact of Covid-19.

（3）3月18日，全國新增本土確診病例首次實現(xiàn)零報告。至19日，湖北省以外省份連續(xù)7日無新增本土確診病例。

(3) March 18: For the first time, no new domestic cases were confirmed on the Chinese mainland. By March 19, no new cases had been confirmed for seven days outside of Hubei Province.

（4）3月25日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，聽取疫情防控工作和當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的匯報，研究當(dāng)前疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)工作。

(4) March 25: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to hear briefings about virus control and current economic conditions and discuss virus control measures and ways to sustain economic growth.

（5）3月25日起，湖北省有序解除離鄂通道管控措施，撤除除武漢市以外地區(qū)所有通道（市際、省界通道）檢疫站點(diǎn)。湖北省除武漢市以外地區(qū)逐步恢復(fù)正常生產(chǎn)生活秩序，離鄂人員憑湖北健康碼“綠碼”安全有序流動。

(5) March 25: Hubei lifted outbound traffic restrictions and removed all health checkpoints on highways across the province except in Wuhan. With the exception of Wuhan, work and life gradually returned to normal in the whole province, and people could now leave Hubei if they had a "green" health code to show that they were not infected.

（6）3月25日，23個省份報告了境外輸入確診病例，防止疫情擴(kuò)散壓力依然很大。

(6) March 25: Confirmed inbound cases were reported in 23 provinces, signaling the need to curb the spread of the virus.

（7）3月26日，國家主席習(xí)近平出席二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人特別峰會，發(fā)表題為《攜手抗疫　共克時艱》的講話。

(7) March 26: President Xi attended the G20 Extraordinary Leaders' Summit on Covid-19 and delivered a speech titled "Working Together to Defeat the Covid-19 Outbreak".

（8）3月27日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局會議，指出要因應(yīng)國內(nèi)外疫情防控新形勢，及時完善疫情防控策略和應(yīng)對舉措，把重點(diǎn)放在“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”上來，保持疫情防控形勢持續(xù)向好態(tài)勢；強(qiáng)調(diào)要在疫情防控常態(tài)化條件下加快恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，力爭把疫情造成的損失降到最低限度，努力完成全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展目標(biāo)任務(wù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)要在做好疫情防控的前提下，支持湖北有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，做好援企、穩(wěn)崗、促就業(yè)、保民生等工作。

(8) March 27: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He called for a timely improvement in China's Covid-19 control measures in response to changing Covid-19 dynamics, both domestic and globally, with a shift in focus to preventing inbound cases and domestic resurgence, so as to sustain the positive momentum in virus control.

He stressed the need to speedily resume work and normal life while continuing Covid-19 prevention and control, in order to minimize the losses caused by Covid-19 and fulfill the goals of economic and social development set for the year. Provided that prevention and control protocols were duly observed, support should be given to get Hubei back to work in an orderly manner, and help enterprises create jobs, keep their employees, and ensure their livelihoods.

（9）3月29日至4月1日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平前往浙江，就統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)新冠肺炎疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作進(jìn)行調(diào)研，指出要把嚴(yán)防境外疫情輸入作為當(dāng)前乃至較長一段時間疫情防控的重中之重，增強(qiáng)防控措施的針對性和實效性，筑起應(yīng)對境外疫情輸入風(fēng)險的堅固防線；強(qiáng)調(diào)要準(zhǔn)確識變、科學(xué)應(yīng)變、主動求變，善于從眼前的危機(jī)、眼前的困難中捕捉和創(chuàng)造機(jī)遇；強(qiáng)調(diào)要在嚴(yán)格做好疫情防控工作的前提下，有力有序推動復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)提速擴(kuò)面，積極破解復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)中的難點(diǎn)、堵點(diǎn)，推動全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈聯(lián)動復(fù)工。

(9) March 29 to April 1: Xi Jinping made an inspection tour to Zhejiang Province to review its Covid-19 control and economic and social development.

He stressed that guarding against inbound infections should be the top priority for the country both now and in the foreseeable future and that control must be targeted and effective so as to build a strong line of defense against inbound cases.

He emphasized the need to remain sensitive to changes, respond to them with well-judged actions, be ready to adjust the approach when necessary, and identify and seize opportunities in the current crisis.

He urged a steady return to work in more sectors while strictly continuing virus control measures and resolving problems hindering the return to work, so as to restore the operation of complete industrial chains.

（10）4月1日，中國海關(guān)在所有航空、水運(yùn)、陸路口岸對全部入境人員實施核酸檢測。

(10) April 1: Chinese customs began nucleic acid testing (NAT) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry – air, water and land.

（11）4月4日清明節(jié)，舉行全國性哀悼活動，全國各地各族人民深切悼念抗擊新冠肺炎疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞。

(11) April 4: A nationwide ceremony was held on the traditional Tomb-sweeping Day to pay tribute to all those who had given their lives in fighting Covid-19, and others who had died of the novel coronavirus.

（12）4月6日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步做好重點(diǎn)場所重點(diǎn)單位重點(diǎn)人群新冠肺炎疫情防控相關(guān)工作的通知》和《新冠病毒無癥狀感染者管理規(guī)范》。

(12) April 6: Through its Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council issued Notice on Prevention and Control Measures for Key Locations, Organizations and Population Groups, and Manual for Management of Asymptomatic Virus Carriers.

（13）4月7日，中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組印發(fā)《關(guān)于在有效防控疫情的同時積極有序推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)的指導(dǎo)意見》，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《全國不同風(fēng)險地區(qū)企事業(yè)單位復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)疫情防控措施指南》。各地做好復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)相關(guān)疫情防控，分區(qū)分級恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)秩序。

(13) April 7: The Central Leading Group for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control issued Guidelines on Resumption of Work while Preventing and Controlling Covid-19; and the State Council released Guidelines on Covid-19 Prevention and Control Measures for Localities at Different Risk Levels to Resume Work. Region-specific and tiered measures for Covid-19 control were adopted to pave the way for a return to normal work in different locations.

（14）4月8日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出要堅持底線思維，做好較長時間應(yīng)對外部環(huán)境變化的思想準(zhǔn)備和工作準(zhǔn)備；強(qiáng)調(diào)“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”防控工作決不能放松；強(qiáng)調(diào)要抓好無癥狀感染者精準(zhǔn)防控，把疫情防控網(wǎng)扎得更密更牢，堵住所有可能導(dǎo)致疫情反彈的漏洞；強(qiáng)調(diào)要加強(qiáng)陸?？诎兑咔榉揽?，最大限度減少境外輸入關(guān)聯(lián)本地病例。

(14) April 8: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He reiterated the need to stay alert against potential risks and be prepared, both in thinking and action, to respond to long-term changes in the external environment.

He warned against any relaxation of the efforts to both stop inbound cases and forestall domestic resurgence of cases. Targeted measures should be taken to manage asymptomatic cases, build a strong line of defense and plug any loopholes that might cause a resurgence of the virus. Control at land and sea points of entry should be tightened to minimize domestic cases caused by inbound arrivals carrying the virus.

（15）4月8日起，武漢市解除持續(xù)76天的離漢離鄂通道管控措施，有序恢復(fù)對外交通，逐步恢復(fù)正常生產(chǎn)生活秩序。

(15) April 8: Wuhan lifted its 76-day outbound traffic restrictions; and local work and daily life began to return to normal.

（16）4月10日，湖北省在院治療的重癥、危重癥患者首次降至兩位數(shù)。

(16) April 10: The number of patients in severe or critical condition in Hubei dropped to double digits for the first time.

（17）4月14日，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在北京出席東盟與中日韓（10+3）抗擊新冠肺炎疫情領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人特別會議并發(fā)表講話，介紹中國統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗，提出全力加強(qiáng)防控合作、努力恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、著力密切政策協(xié)調(diào)等合作倡議。

(17) April 14: Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at a special meeting attended by leaders of ASEAN nations, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea on fight against the novel coronavirus. He shared with these leaders China's experience in coordinating the fight against the virus with its efforts to continue economic and social development. He proposed to strengthen cooperation on the fight against the virus, on efforts to resume economic development, and on policy coordination among the participating countries.

（18）4月15日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，聽取疫情防控工作和當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢匯報，研究疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)工作。

(18) April 15: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to hear briefings on virus control and current economic conditions, and discuss virus response measures and ways to sustain economic growth.

（19）4月17日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)要抓緊抓實抓細(xì)常態(tài)化疫情防控，因時因勢完善“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”各項措施并切實抓好落實，不斷鞏固疫情持續(xù)向好形勢；強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，在穩(wěn)的基礎(chǔ)上積極進(jìn)取，在常態(tài)化疫情防控中全面推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)達(dá)產(chǎn)，恢復(fù)正常經(jīng)濟(jì)社會秩序，培育壯大新的增長點(diǎn)增長極，牢牢把握發(fā)展主動權(quán)。

(19) April 17: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He called for full implementation of virus control measures to prevent both inbound cases and domestic resurgence and to build positive momentum in Covid-19 control.

He emphasized the need to follow the general principles of pursuing stable performance and making new progress, returning to work while continuing Covid-19 control, restoring economic and social order, fostering new growth areas, and actively promoting development.

（20）4月17日，武漢市新冠肺炎疫情防控指揮部發(fā)布《關(guān)于武漢市新冠肺炎確診病例數(shù)確診病例死亡數(shù)訂正情況的通報》，對確診和死亡病例數(shù)進(jìn)行訂正。截至4月16日24時，確診病例核增325例，累計確診病例數(shù)訂正為50333例；確診病例的死亡病例核增1290例，累計確診病例的死亡數(shù)訂正為3869例。

(20) April 17: Wuhan City Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control Command Center released Briefing on Modifying the Figures of Confirmed Covid-19 Cases and Fatalities in Wuhan. By midnight on April 16, the total number of confirmed cases in the city had been revised up by 325 to 50,333, and the number of deaths up by 1,290 to 3,869.

（21）4月20日至23日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平在陜西考察，指出要堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅持新發(fā)展理念，扎實做好穩(wěn)就業(yè)、穩(wěn)金融、穩(wěn)外貿(mào)、穩(wěn)外資、穩(wěn)投資、穩(wěn)預(yù)期工作，全面落實保居民就業(yè)、?；久裆⒈Ｊ袌鲋黧w、保糧食能源安全、保產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈穩(wěn)定、?；鶎舆\(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)任務(wù)，努力克服新冠肺炎疫情帶來的不利影響，確保完成決戰(zhàn)決勝脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面建成小康社會。

(21) April 20-23: Xi Jinping made an inspection tour to Shaanxi Province. He urged local officials to pursue steady performance, make new progress, and act according to the new development philosophy. He called on them to carry out the following tasks: stabilizing employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations, and guaranteeing jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government. By so doing, China could offset the adverse impact of Covid-19 and fulfill the goals of eliminating poverty and achieving moderate prosperity.

（22）4月23日，國務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)主持召開部分省市經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢視頻座談會，推動做好當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作。

(22) April 23: Premier Li Keqiang chaired a video conference on the economic situation in some provinces and cities in order to promote economic and social development in these regions.

（23）4月26日，武漢市所有新冠肺炎住院病例清零。

(23) April 26: The last hospitalized Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged.

（24）4月27日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席、中央全面深化改革委員會主任習(xí)近平主持召開中央全面深化改革委員會第十三次會議，強(qiáng)調(diào)中國疫情防控和復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)之所以能夠有力推進(jìn)，根本原因是中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和中國社會主義制度的優(yōu)勢發(fā)揮了無可比擬的重要作用；強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展環(huán)境越是嚴(yán)峻復(fù)雜，越要堅定不移深化改革，健全各方面制度，完善治理體系，促進(jìn)制度建設(shè)和治理效能更好轉(zhuǎn)化融合，善于運(yùn)用制度優(yōu)勢應(yīng)對風(fēng)險挑戰(zhàn)沖擊。

(24) April 27: Xi Jinping chaired the 13th meeting of the Commission for Further Reform under the CPC Central Committee. He pointed out that the CPC leadership and China's socialist system had played a critical role in Covid-19 control and the resumption of business activities in China. As the environment for development became more complicated, China should be more resolute in furthering reform and improving its governing systems, and it should fully leverage its strengths to deal with risks and challenges.

（25）4月27日，經(jīng)中共中央總書記習(xí)近平和中共中央批準(zhǔn)，中央指導(dǎo)組離鄂返京。

(25) April 27: The Central Steering Group returned to Beijing from Hubei.

（五）第五階段：全國疫情防控進(jìn)入常態(tài)化

Stage V: Ongoing Prevention and Control

（4月29日以來）

(Since April 29, 2020)

境內(nèi)疫情總體呈零星散發(fā)狀態(tài)，局部地區(qū)出現(xiàn)散發(fā)病例引起的聚集性疫情，境外輸入病例基本得到控制，疫情積極向好態(tài)勢持續(xù)鞏固，全國疫情防控進(jìn)入常態(tài)化。加大力度推進(jìn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)復(fù)學(xué)，常態(tài)化防控措施經(jīng)受“五一”假期考驗。經(jīng)中共中央批準(zhǔn)，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制派出聯(lián)絡(luò)組，繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)湖北省疫情防控。

Sporadic cases have been reported on the mainland, resulting in case clusters in some locations. Inbound cases are generally under control. The positive momentum in Covid-19 control has thus been locked in, and nationwide virus control is now being conducted on an ongoing basis. China has made vigorous efforts to resume work and reopen schools. The ongoing control measures passed the test of the travel peak during the May Day holiday.

With the approval of the CPC Central Committee, an inter-departmental contact group under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council was dispatched to Hubei to oversee local virus control.

（1）4月29日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出經(jīng)過艱苦卓絕的努力，湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)取得決定性成果，全國疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果；強(qiáng)調(diào)要抓好重點(diǎn)地區(qū)、重點(diǎn)群體疫情防控工作，有針對性加強(qiáng)輸入性風(fēng)險防控工作。

(1) April 29: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He concluded that thanks to arduous efforts, China had won a vital battle in defending Wuhan and Hubei against the novel coronavirus, and achieved a major strategic success in the nationwide control efforts. At the same time, he emphasized that virus control should continue in key regions and target key groups, with a focus on inbound cases.

（2）4月30日，京津冀地區(qū)突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)級別由一級響應(yīng)調(diào)整為二級響應(yīng)。

(2) April 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

（3）5月1日，世界衛(wèi)生組織宣布，鑒于當(dāng)前國際疫情形勢，新冠肺炎疫情仍然構(gòu)成“國際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件”。

(3) May 1: The WHO announced that given the current international Covid-19 dynamics, the novel coronavirus still remained a "public health emergency of international concern".

（4）5月2日，湖北省突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)級別由一級響應(yīng)調(diào)整為二級響應(yīng)。

(4) May 2: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in Hubei.

（5）5月4日，經(jīng)中共中央批準(zhǔn)，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制設(shè)立聯(lián)絡(luò)組，赴湖北省武漢市開展工作。

(5) May 4: An inter-departmental contact group under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council was dispatched to Wuhan with the approval of the CPC Central Committee.

（6）5月6日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出在黨中央堅強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和全國各族人民大力支持下，中央指導(dǎo)組同湖北人民和武漢人民并肩作戰(zhàn)，下最大氣力控制疫情流行，努力守住全國疫情防控第一道防線，為打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)；指出中共中央決定繼續(xù)派出聯(lián)絡(luò)組，加強(qiáng)對湖北省和武漢市疫情防控后續(xù)工作指導(dǎo)支持，繼續(xù)指導(dǎo)做好治愈患者康復(fù)和心理疏導(dǎo)工作，鞏固疫情防控成果，決不能前功盡棄。

(6) May 6: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He pointed out that under the strong leadership of the Central Committee and with the support of all the people, the Central Steering Group had been working with the people of Wuhan and other parts of Hubei Province. They had done their utmost in the fight to curb the spread of the virus and erected a first line of defense for the nation, making a significant contribution to beating the virus.

He said the contact group should guide and support follow-up work in Wuhan and other parts of Hubei and advise on the rehabilitation and psychological counseling of patients in recovery, to ensure that the gains would be consolidated.

（7）5月7日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制印發(fā)《關(guān)于做好新冠肺炎疫情常態(tài)化防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見》。

(7) May 7: Through the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, the State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis.

（8）5月8日，中共中央召開黨外人士座談會，就新冠肺炎疫情防控工作聽取各民主黨派中央、全國工商聯(lián)和無黨派人士代表的意見和建議，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持座談會并發(fā)表重要講話，強(qiáng)調(diào)面對突如其來的疫情，中共中央高度重視，堅持把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，果斷采取一系列防控和救治舉措，用一個多月的時間初步遏制了疫情蔓延勢頭，用兩個月左右的時間將本土每日新增病例控制在個位數(shù)以內(nèi)，用3個月左右的時間取得了武漢保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)、湖北保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)的決定性成果；指出對一個擁有14億人口的大國來說，這樣的成績來之不易。

(8) May 8: The CPC Central Committee held a meeting to hear the views and proposals from the central committees of China's eight other political parties, representatives of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and prominent figures without party affiliation. General Secretary Xi chaired and addressed the meeting.

He said that when the novel coronavirus struck, catching the country unawares, the CPC Central Committee gave its full attention to the matter. Putting people's lives and health first, it swiftly adopted a series of policies on prevention and control of the virus and treatment of the infected. It took the country over a month to achieve initial success in curbing the spread of the virus, about two months to bring the daily figure of new domestic cases on the mainland down to single digits, and three months to win a decisive victory in defending Wuhan City and Hubei Province. For China, with a large population of 1.4 billion, this achievement did not come easily.

（9）5月11日至12日，中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習(xí)近平赴山西，就統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)常態(tài)化疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作、鞏固脫貧攻堅成果進(jìn)行調(diào)研，強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅持新發(fā)展理念，堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，扎實做好“六穩(wěn)”工作，全面落實“六?！比蝿?wù)，努力克服新冠肺炎疫情帶來的不利影響，在高質(zhì)量轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展上邁出更大步伐，確保完成決戰(zhàn)決勝脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面建成小康社會。

(9) May 11-12: Xi Jinping made an inspection tour to Shanxi Province to be briefed on what had been done in the province to conduct Covid-19 prevention and control on an ongoing basis while promoting economic and social development, and to consolidate gains in poverty alleviation.

He urged local officials to act according to the new development philosophy for making steady progress, and carry out supply-side structural reform. They were required to stabilize the six fronts (employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations), and guarantee the six priorities (jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government).

He called on local officials to overcome the adverse impact of the virus, accelerate high-quality economic transformation, and meet the goals of eliminating poverty and achieving moderate prosperity in all respects.

（10）5月14日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局常務(wù)委員會會議，指出要加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)地區(qū)、重點(diǎn)場所內(nèi)防反彈工作，近期發(fā)生聚集性疫情的地區(qū)要有針對性加強(qiáng)防控措施；強(qiáng)調(diào)要針對境外疫情的新情況新趨勢，采取更加靈活管用的措施，強(qiáng)化外防輸入重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。

(10) May 14: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. He urged that Covid-19 control be strengthened in key areas and key places to prevent its resurgence, and that targeted measures be taken where case clusters had recently occurred. Flexible and effective measures should be adopted to respond to evolving Covid-19 dynamics overseas, and key sectors and weak links in the prevention of inbound infection should be shored up.

（11）5月15日，中共中央總書記習(xí)近平主持召開中共中央政治局會議，討論國務(wù)院擬提請第十三屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議審議的《政府工作報告》稿，指出做好今年工作，要緊扣全面建成小康社會目標(biāo)任務(wù)，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作，在常態(tài)化疫情防控前提下，堅持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅持新發(fā)展理念，堅持以供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革為主線，堅持以改革開放為動力推動高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，堅決打好三大攻堅戰(zhàn)，扎實做好“六穩(wěn)”工作，全面落實“六保”任務(wù)，堅定實施擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需戰(zhàn)略，維護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定大局，確保完成決戰(zhàn)決勝脫貧攻堅目標(biāo)任務(wù)，全面建成小康社會。

(11) May 15: Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to discuss the draft Report on the Work of the Government, which the State Council would submit to the forthcoming Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress for deliberation.

He pointed out that to fulfill the tasks of the year, the nation must carry out Covid-19 prevention and control as well as promoting economic and social development to reach the goal of achieving moderate prosperity in all respects.

He said that while conducting control on an ongoing basis, the country should continue to deliver steady performance, act according to the new development philosophy, conduct supply-side structural reform, promote high-quality development through further reform and opening up, and continue the three critical battles against poverty, pollution and major risks. There should be solid progress in stabilizing the six fronts and guaranteeing the six priorities. Domestic consumption must be expanded, and economic development and social stability must be maintained, so as to fulfill the goals of eliminating poverty and achieving moderate prosperity in all respects.

（12）5月18日，國家主席習(xí)近平在第73屆世界衛(wèi)生大會視頻會議開幕式上發(fā)表題為《團(tuán)結(jié)合作戰(zhàn)勝疫情　共同構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體》的致辭。

(12) May 18: President Xi delivered a speech titled "Fighting Covid-19 through Solidarity and Cooperation, Building a Global Community of Health for All" at the opening of the 73rd World Health Assembly.

（13）5月21日至27日，全國政協(xié)十三屆三次會議在北京舉行。5月22日至28日，十三屆全國人大三次會議在北京舉行。

(13) May 21-27: The Third Session of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. May 22-28: The Third Session of the 13th National People's Congress was held in Beijing.

二、防控和救治兩個戰(zhàn)場協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)

II. Well-Coordinated Prevention, Control and Treatment

面對突發(fā)疫情侵襲，中國把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，統(tǒng)籌疫情防控和醫(yī)療救治，采取最全面最嚴(yán)格最徹底的防控措施，前所未有地采取大規(guī)模隔離措施，前所未有地調(diào)集全國資源開展大規(guī)模醫(yī)療救治，不遺漏一個感染者，不放棄每一位病患，實現(xiàn)“應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治、應(yīng)檢盡檢、應(yīng)隔盡隔”，遏制了疫情大面積蔓延，改變了病毒傳播的危險進(jìn)程?！巴ㄟ^全面執(zhí)行（中國）這些措施可以爭取到一些時間，即使只有幾天或數(shù)周，但這對最終減少新冠肺炎感染人數(shù)和死亡人數(shù)的價值不可估量?！?/p>

The coronavirus caught China unawares. Putting people's lives and health first, the Chinese government has acted swiftly to fight the virus and provide medical treatment for patients. It has adopted the most thorough, rigorous and comprehensive prevention and control measures, enforced quarantine and isolation on a scale never seen before, and mobilized medical resources across the country. It has ensured that all those in need have been tested, quarantined, hospitalized or treated. With these measures in place, China has prevented a wider spread and further development of the virus. "The time that can be gained through the full application of these measures [in China] – even if just days or weeks – can be invaluable in ultimately reducing Covid-19 illness and deaths," says Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) published on February 28, 2020.

（一）建立統(tǒng)一高效的指揮體系

1. Centralized and Efficient Command

在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的中共中央堅強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，建立中央統(tǒng)一指揮、統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)、統(tǒng)一調(diào)度，各地方各方面各負(fù)其責(zé)、協(xié)調(diào)配合，集中統(tǒng)一、上下協(xié)同、運(yùn)行高效的指揮體系，為打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)提供了有力保證。

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core, China has put in place an efficient system under which the central authorities exercise overall command, while local authorities and all sectors follow the leadership and instructions of the central authorities, perform their respective duties, and cooperate with each other. This highly efficient system has made it possible for China to win its all-out people's war against the virus.

習(xí)近平總書記親自指揮、親自部署。習(xí)近平總書記高度重視疫情防控工作，全面加強(qiáng)集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)把人民生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，提出“堅定信心、同舟共濟(jì)、科學(xué)防治、精準(zhǔn)施策”的總要求，明確堅決打贏疫情防控的人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)。習(xí)近平總書記主持召開14次中央政治局常委會會議、4次中央政治局會議以及中央全面依法治國委員會會議、中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化委員會會議、中央全面深化改革委員會會議、中央外事工作委員會會議、黨外人士座談會等會議，聽取中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組和中央指導(dǎo)組匯報，因時因勢調(diào)整防控策略，對加強(qiáng)疫情防控、開展國際合作等進(jìn)行全面部署；在北京就社區(qū)防控、防疫科研攻關(guān)等進(jìn)行考察，親臨武漢一線視察指導(dǎo)，赴浙江、陜西、山西就統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)常態(tài)化疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展工作、鞏固脫貧攻堅成果進(jìn)行考察調(diào)研；時刻關(guān)注疫情動態(tài)和防控進(jìn)展，及時作出決策部署。

General Secretary Xi Jinping takes charge of Covid-19 response. Attaching high importance to Covid-19 prevention and control, Xi Jinping assumed full command over the control efforts from the very beginning. He highlighted the need to put people's lives and health first, to firm up confidence, strengthen solidarity, adopt a science-based approach, and take targeted measures. He called for a nationwide effort to block the spread of the virus and defeat it.

Xi Jinping has chaired 14 meetings of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, 4 meetings of the Political Bureau, meetings of the Central Commission for Law-based Governance, Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, Central Commission for Further Reform, and Central Commission for Foreign Affairs, and a meeting with prominent non-CPC figures. At these meetings, he heard briefings from the Central Leading Group for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control and the Central Steering Group, adjusted response measures in view of the evolving Covid-19 dynamics, and made decisions on overall plans for strengthening control efforts and international cooperation.

He inspected community response and Covid-19 research in Beijing, and visited Wuhan to guide frontline response. He made inspection tours to Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces where he was briefed on progress in coordinating epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development, and in poverty alleviation. He has closely followed developments in China's virus control and made timely decisions accordingly.

加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、協(xié)同聯(lián)動。中共中央政治局常委、國務(wù)院總理、中央應(yīng)對疫情工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長李克強(qiáng)主持召開30余次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組會議，研究部署疫情防控和統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重大問題和重要工作，赴北京、武漢等地和中國疾控中心、中國醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院病原生物學(xué)研究所、北京西站、首都機(jī)場及疫情防控國家重點(diǎn)醫(yī)療物資保障調(diào)度等平臺考察調(diào)研。中央指導(dǎo)組指導(dǎo)湖北省、武漢市加強(qiáng)防控工作，以爭分奪秒的戰(zhàn)時狀態(tài)開展工作，有力控制了疫情流行，守住了第一道防線。國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制發(fā)揮協(xié)調(diào)作用，持續(xù)召開例會跟蹤分析研判疫情形勢，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)務(wù)人員和醫(yī)療物資調(diào)度，根據(jù)疫情發(fā)展變化相應(yīng)調(diào)整防控策略和重點(diǎn)工作。國務(wù)院復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)推進(jìn)工作機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)統(tǒng)籌指導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)，打通產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈堵點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)協(xié)同復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)動能。

Government departments have made well-coordinated control efforts. Premier Li Keqiang, as head of the Central Leading Group for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control, has chaired more than 30 meetings of the leading group to discuss key issues concerning Covid-19 control and economic and social development, and important decisions were made at the meetings. He visited Wuhan and inspected China CDC, the Institute of Pathogen Biology CAMS & PUMC, Beijing West Railway Station, Beijing Capital International Airport, and the National Distribution Center for Major Anti-epidemic Medical Supplies.

The Central Steering Group responded swiftly to guide Hubei Province and Wuhan City to intensify their control efforts. It thus helped contain the virus and hold a strong first line of defense against the virus.

The Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council has played the coordinating role and held regular meetings to keep abreast of the situation, dispatch medical teams, and allocate supplies, and it has made timely adjustments to control policies and priorities in response to new developments. Through its mechanism for promoting the return to work, the State Council has strengthened guidance and coordination, removed barriers in the industrial and supply chains, and ensured the resumption of normal daily life.

各地方各方面守土有責(zé)、守土盡責(zé)。全國各省、市、縣成立由黨政主要負(fù)責(zé)人掛帥的應(yīng)急指揮機(jī)制，自上而下構(gòu)建統(tǒng)一指揮、一線指導(dǎo)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)的應(yīng)急決策指揮體系。在中共中央統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，各地方各方面堅決貫徹中央決策部署，有令必行、有禁必止，嚴(yán)格高效落實各項防控措施，全國形成了全面動員、全面部署、全面加強(qiáng)，橫向到邊、縱向到底的疫情防控局面。

Local authorities and other stakeholders have lived up to their responsibilities. Emergency command mechanisms headed by leading Party and government officials were established in provinces, cities and counties across the country, forming a top-down system with unified command, frontline guidance, and coordination between departments and among provinces. Local authorities and other stakeholders have implemented each and every one of the decisions, plans and prohibitions of the central authorities, and strictly and effectively enforced all response measures. Thus, an effective and well-functioning whole-of-the-nation control mechanism is in place.

（二）構(gòu)建全民參與嚴(yán)密防控體系

2. A Tight Prevention and Control System Involving All Sectors of Society

針對春節(jié)期間人員密集、流動性大的特點(diǎn)，中國迅速開展社會動員、發(fā)動全民參與，堅持依法、科學(xué)、精準(zhǔn)防控，在全國范圍內(nèi)實施史無前例的大規(guī)模公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)對舉措，通過超常規(guī)的社會隔離和靈活、人性化的社會管控措施，構(gòu)建聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、群防群控防控體系，打響抗擊疫情人民戰(zhàn)爭，通過非藥物手段有效阻斷了病毒傳播鏈條。

The Chinese New Year is marked by enormous population flows in dense groups. In view of this fact, the Chinese government quickly mobilized the whole of society and galvanized the people into a nationwide response. A targeted, law- and science-based approach was adopted, and public health emergency response measures were rolled out on an unprecedented and extensive scale across the country. Through the strictest social distancing and flexible, people-centered social management, China put in place a prevention and control system involving governments at all levels and the whole of society, and launched a people's war on the virus applying non-medical means that has effectively blocked its transmission routes.

采取有力措施堅決控制傳染源。以確診患者、疑似患者、發(fā)熱患者、確診患者的密切接觸者等“四類人員”為重點(diǎn)，實行“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報告、早隔離、早治療”和“應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治、應(yīng)檢盡檢、應(yīng)隔盡隔”的防治方針，最大限度降低傳染率。關(guān)閉離漢通道期間，武漢對全市421萬戶居民集中開展兩輪拉網(wǎng)式排查，以“不落一戶、不漏一人”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實現(xiàn)“存量清零”，確保沒有新的潛在感染源發(fā)生。持續(xù)提升核酸檢測能力，增強(qiáng)試劑盒供應(yīng)能力，擴(kuò)充檢測機(jī)構(gòu)，縮短檢測周期，確保檢測質(zhì)量，實現(xiàn)“應(yīng)檢盡檢”“即收即檢”。湖北省檢測周期從2天縮短到4－6小時，日檢測量由疫情初期的300人份提升到4月中旬的5萬人份以上，縮短了患者確診時間，降低了傳播風(fēng)險。在全國范圍內(nèi)排查“四類人員”，以社區(qū)網(wǎng)格為基礎(chǔ)單元，采取上門排查與自查自報相結(jié)合的方式展開地毯式排查。全面實行各類場所體溫篩查，強(qiáng)化醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)熱門診病例監(jiān)測和傳染病網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報，實行2小時網(wǎng)絡(luò)直報、12小時反饋檢測結(jié)果、24小時內(nèi)完成現(xiàn)場流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和報告確診病例和無癥狀感染者。加強(qiáng)流行病學(xué)追蹤調(diào)查，精準(zhǔn)追蹤和切斷病毒傳播途徑，截至5月31日，全國累計追蹤管理密切接觸者74萬余人。

Strong measures were taken to control sources of infection. The Chinese government defined a set of requirements: early detection, reporting, quarantine and treatment with a focus on the four categories of vulnerable people (confirmed cases, suspected cases, febrile patients who might be carriers, and close contacts). It had also taken measures to ensure that they were hospitalized, treated, tested or quarantined as appropriate. It has done everything in its power to reduce infections to the minimum.

While keeping all its outbound routes closed, Wuhan carried out two rounds of community-based mass screening of its 4.21 million households, leaving no person or household unchecked and ruling out all potential sources of infection.

The Chinese government redoubled efforts to increase the capacity of nucleic acid testing, supply more test kits, and approve more testing institutions. As a result, the testing period was shortened and the quality enhanced, ensuring that all those in need could be tested immediately and as appropriate. In Hubei Province, the testing period was shortened from 2 days to 4-6 hours, and the daily capacity expanded from 300 samples in the early stage of the epidemic to more than 50,000 in mid-April. Such advances made early detection and confirmation of infection possible and reduced the risk of transmission.

To identify the four categories of vulnerable people, community grid-based screening was carried out across the country. All residents were requested to report their health condition on a daily basis. Community workers for their part visited households door-to-door to collect and verify this information. Temperature checking was made a routine at all places. Work was done to strengthen the monitoring and online reporting of cases identified at fever clinics of medical facilities – all such cases had to be reported online to higher authorities within 2 hours; their test results sent back to the reporting clinics within 12 hours; and on-site epidemiological investigation completed within 24 hours – so that confirmed cases and asymptomatic carriers would be identified and reported without delay. Epidemiological tracing and investigation were enhanced to precisely detect and cut off virus transmission routes. As of May 31, a total of more than 740,000 close contacts had been traced and handled as appropriate.

第一時間切斷病毒傳播鏈。對湖北省、武漢市對外通道實施最嚴(yán)格的封閉和交通管控，暫停武漢及湖北國際客運(yùn)航班、多地輪渡、長途客運(yùn)、機(jī)場、火車站運(yùn)營，全國暫停入漢道路水路客運(yùn)班線發(fā)班，武漢市及湖北省多地暫停市內(nèi)公共交通，阻斷疫情向全國以及湖北省內(nèi)衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施薄弱的農(nóng)村地區(qū)擴(kuò)散。對湖北以外地區(qū)實施差異化交通管控，湖北省周邊省份筑牢環(huán)鄂交通管控“隔離帶”，防止湖北省疫情外溢蔓延。全國其他地區(qū)實行分區(qū)分級精準(zhǔn)防控，對城鄉(xiāng)道路運(yùn)輸服務(wù)進(jìn)行動態(tài)管控，加強(qiáng)國內(nèi)交通衛(wèi)生檢疫。采取有效措施避免人員聚集和交叉感染，延長春節(jié)假期，取消或延緩各種人員聚集性活動，各類學(xué)校有序推遲開學(xué)；關(guān)閉影院、劇院、網(wǎng)吧以及健身房等場所；對車站、機(jī)場、碼頭、農(nóng)貿(mào)市場、商場、超市、餐館、酒店、賓館等需要開放的公共服務(wù)類場所，以及汽車、火車、飛機(jī)等密閉交通工具，落實環(huán)境衛(wèi)生整治、消毒、通風(fēng)、“進(jìn)出檢”、限流等措施，進(jìn)入人員必須測量體溫、佩戴口罩；推行政務(wù)服務(wù)網(wǎng)上辦、預(yù)約辦，推廣無接觸快遞等“不見面”服務(wù)，鼓勵民眾居家和企業(yè)遠(yuǎn)程辦公，有效減少人員流動和聚集；在公共場所設(shè)置“一米線”并配以明顯標(biāo)識，避免近距離接觸。全國口岸實施嚴(yán)格的出入境衛(wèi)生檢疫，防范疫情通過口岸擴(kuò)散蔓延。實施最嚴(yán)邊境管控，取消非緊急非必要出國出境活動。

Breaking the chains of transmission through early intervention. The strictest closure and traffic restrictions were enforced on all outbound routes from Wuhan and Hubei. International passenger flights, and ferries and long-distance passenger transport services in many parts of the province were suspended, as were road and waterway passenger services bound for Wuhan from other places of the country. Airports and railway stations were closed and intra-city public transport halted in Wuhan and many other parts of Hubei. All these restrictions effectively stopped the virus from spreading nationwide, especially in rural Hubei where public health infrastructure was relatively weak.

Areas outside Hubei took a differentiated approach to traffic control. The provinces abutting Hubei built traffic control "isolation zones" around the province, preventing the virus from spreading beyond Hubei. Other parts of China adopted a targeted, tiered, and region-specific approach. They exercised a dynamic control over urban and rural road transport services and strengthened health and quarantine measures for domestic routes.

Rigorous measures were taken to prevent public gatherings and cross-infection. The Chinese New Year holiday was extended, public gatherings were canceled or postponed, and the spring semester was postponed in schools. Cinemas, theaters, internet cafés, and gyms were all closed. Strict procedures had to be followed in essential public facilities, including bus stations, airports, ports, farmers markets, shopping malls, supermarkets, restaurants and hotels, and in enclosed transport vehicles such as buses, trains and planes. All persons were required to wear masks and undergo temperature monitoring when accessing these venues or vehicles. In addition, all such facilities had to be disinfected, meet certain hygiene standards, ensure good ventilation, monitor visitors' temperature, and control the number of passengers or visitors at a given period of time.

Government services were provided online and through prior reservation, non-physical-contact delivery or services were extended, people were encouraged to stay at home and work from home, and businesses were encouraged to telecommute – all these measures effectively reduced population flows and public gatherings. Clear signs urging people to maintain at least one meter of distance and avoid close contact could be seen in all public places.

Strict health and quarantine measures were enforced at points of entry and exit across China to prevent inbound and outbound spread of the virus. The strictest-ever measures were applied at border control to suspend non-urgent and nonessential outbound travel by Chinese citizens.

牢牢守住社區(qū)基礎(chǔ)防線。城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)是疫情聯(lián)防聯(lián)控的第一線，是外防輸入、內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散的關(guān)鍵防線。充分發(fā)揮基層主體作用，加強(qiáng)群眾自治，實施社區(qū)封閉式、網(wǎng)格化管理，把防控力量、資源、措施向社區(qū)下沉，組建專兼結(jié)合工作隊伍，充分發(fā)揮街道（鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)）和社區(qū)（村）干部、基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)醫(yī)務(wù)人員、家庭醫(yī)生團(tuán)隊作用，將一個個社區(qū)、村莊打造成為嚴(yán)密安全的“抗疫堡壘”，把防控有效落實到終端和末梢。按照“追蹤到人、登記在冊、社區(qū)管理、上門觀察、規(guī)范運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、異常就醫(yī)”的原則，依法對重點(diǎn)人群進(jìn)行有效管理，開展主動追蹤、人員管理、環(huán)境整治和健康教育。武漢市全面實施社區(qū)24小時封閉管理，除就醫(yī)和防疫相關(guān)活動外一律禁止出入，由社區(qū)承擔(dān)居民生活保障。其他地方對城市社區(qū)、農(nóng)村村落普遍實施封閉式管理，人員出入檢查登記、測量體溫。加強(qiáng)居民個人防護(hù)，廣泛開展社會宣傳，強(qiáng)化個體責(zé)任意識，自覺落實居家隔離以及跨地區(qū)旅行后隔離14天等防控要求，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行外出佩戴口罩、保持社交距離、減少聚集等防護(hù)措施，養(yǎng)成勤洗手、常通風(fēng)等良好生活習(xí)慣。大力開展愛國衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動，提倡文明健康、綠色環(huán)保的生活方式。

The community-based line of defense was well guarded. Communities and villages made up the first line of defense in epidemic prevention and control, a major barrier to inbound cases and local transmission. They served as the mainstay in China's Covid-19 response. Residents and villagers were mobilized to help manage communities. Strict access control and grid-based management were exercised in communities, and human and material resources were channeled down to the community level to reinforce implementation of targeted measures. Task forces comprising both full-time and part-time community workers were set up, while officials at the sub-district/township and community/village levels, health workers of community medical facilities, and family doctors all performed their duties as a team. Through all these efforts, communities and villages were turned into strongholds, securing full implementation of response measures down to the lowest level.

To deal with the four categories of vulnerable people, a number of measures were taken in accordance with the law, such as tracing, registering, and visiting each individual, placing them under community management, and transferring them, if necessary, to designated medical facilities for quarantine or treatment as per due procedures. Community actions were taken to keep local areas in good condition and promote health education.

In Wuhan, rigorous 24-hour access control was enforced in all residential communities. No residents were allowed to leave and no non-residents allowed to access the community area other than for essential medical needs or epidemic control operations. Community workers were responsible for the purchase and delivery of daily necessities according to residents' needs. This approach was also applied in communities and villages in other parts of China, where all residents had to register and undergo temperature checking when leaving or entering the residential area or village.

Education programs were conducted to raise public awareness of the need for personal protection and enhance the sense of social responsibility. People observed self-quarantine at home and 14-day self-isolation after cross-region travel. They strictly followed personal protection measures such as wearing a mask when going out, maintaining proper social distancing, avoiding crowds, frequent handwashing, and regular ventilation. The tradition of the Patriotic Public Health Campaign which was initiated in the 1950s, with an emphasis on sanitation and personal hygiene, was also encouraged, along with a healthy, environment-friendly lifestyle.

實施分級、分類、動態(tài)精準(zhǔn)防控。全國推行分區(qū)分級精準(zhǔn)施策防控策略，以縣域為單位，依據(jù)人口、發(fā)病情況綜合研判，劃分低、中、高疫情風(fēng)險等級，分區(qū)分級實施差異化防控，并根據(jù)疫情形勢及時動態(tài)調(diào)整名單，采取對應(yīng)防控措施。低風(fēng)險區(qū)嚴(yán)防輸入，全面恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序；中風(fēng)險區(qū)外防輸入、內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散，盡快全面恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序；高風(fēng)險區(qū)內(nèi)防擴(kuò)散、外防輸出、嚴(yán)格管控，集中精力抓疫情防控。本土疫情形勢穩(wěn)定后，以省域為單元在疫情防控常態(tài)化條件下加快恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，健全及時發(fā)現(xiàn)、快速處置、精準(zhǔn)管控、有效救治的常態(tài)化防控機(jī)制。全力做好北京市疫情防控，確保首都安全。做好重點(diǎn)場所、重點(diǎn)單位、重點(diǎn)人群聚集性疫情防控和處置，加強(qiáng)老年人、兒童、孕產(chǎn)婦、學(xué)生、醫(yī)務(wù)人員等重點(diǎn)人群健康管理，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)、社區(qū)、辦公場所、商場超市、客運(yùn)場站、交通運(yùn)輸工具，托幼機(jī)構(gòu)、中小學(xué)校、大專院校以及養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)、福利院、精神衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)、救助站等特殊場所的管控，覆蓋全人群、全場所、全社區(qū)，不留死角、不留空白、不留隱患。針對輸入性疫情，嚴(yán)格落實國境衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，強(qiáng)化從“國門”到“家門”的全鏈條、閉環(huán)式管理，持續(xù)抓緊抓實抓細(xì)外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈工作。

A multi-level, category-specific, dynamic and targeted approach was adopted. China also applied a region-specific, multi-level approach to epidemic prevention and control. To better prevent and control the epidemic, each region at or above the county level was classified by risk level on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of factors such as population and number of infections in a given period of time. There are three levels of risk: low, medium, and high. Regions could take measures according to the risk level, which was dynamic and adjusted in light of the evolving situation.

In response to Covid-19, a low-risk region was requested to remain vigilant against any potential inbound transmission while fully restoring normal order in work and daily life; a medium-risk region had to prevent inbound and local transmission while restoring normal work and daily life as soon as possible; and a region classified as high-risk was obliged to prevent any spread in its jurisdiction or beyond, enforce strict control measures, and focus on containment. Once the situation stabilized, provincial-level authorities could step up efforts to restore order in work and daily life in areas under their jurisdiction, while adapting to the new normal of Covid-19 control by establishing a sound long-term epidemic response system that ensures early detection, quick response, targeted prevention and control, and effective treatment. Every effort has been made to stem the virus spread in the capital of Beijing to safeguard public health.

Appropriate measures were implemented to prevent any cluster outbreaks in key locations, major organizations, and priority population groups, and manage the aftermath of any such outbreaks. The elderly, children, pregnant women, students, and health workers were to be well protected as a priority.

Health management of priority population groups was enhanced. Protective measures were intensified in medical facilities, communities, office buildings, shopping malls and supermarkets, passenger terminals, transport vehicles, child-care centers and kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, nursing homes, charity houses, mental health institutions, and first-aid stations. These measures were implemented nationwide, covering all population groups, locations, and communities, and leaving no areas unattended and no hidden dangers unaddressed.

To control any inbound infections from overseas, China has strictly enforced its border health and quarantine rules to ensure a full, closed cycle of management of all arrivals, from their entry at the border to the doorstep of where they would stay. Sustained, meticulous efforts have been made to prevent both inbound cases and a recurrence in domestic cases.

為疫情防控提供有力法治保障。依法將新冠肺炎納入《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》規(guī)定的乙類傳染病并采取甲類傳染病的預(yù)防、控制措施，納入《中華人民共和國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫法》規(guī)定的檢疫傳染病管理，同時做好國際國內(nèi)法律銜接。一些地方人大常委會緊急立法，在國家法律和法規(guī)框架下授權(quán)地方政府在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、防疫管理等方面，規(guī)定臨時性應(yīng)急行政管理措施。嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行傳染病防治法及其實施辦法等法律法規(guī)，出臺依法防控疫情、依法懲治違法犯罪、保障人民生命健康安全的意見，加強(qiáng)治安管理、市場監(jiān)管，依法懲處哄抬物價、囤積居奇、制假售假等破壞疫情防控的違法犯罪行為，強(qiáng)化防疫物資質(zhì)量和價格監(jiān)管，加大打擊虛假違法廣告力度，保障社會穩(wěn)定有序。加強(qiáng)疫情防控期間行政執(zhí)法監(jiān)督，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范執(zhí)法，公正文明執(zhí)法，依法化解與疫情相關(guān)的法律糾紛，為疫情防控和企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)提供法律保障和服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)普法宣傳，引導(dǎo)公眾依法行事。

Legal safeguards for epidemic prevention and control were strengthened. China listed Covid-19 as a Class B infectious disease, but addressed it with measures applicable to a Class A infectious disease under the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. It also applied control and quarantine measures under the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law of the People's Republic of China consistent with relevant provisions of international law and other domestic laws. Standing committees of some sub-national people's congresses launched emergency legislation procedures as per the national legal framework, empowering local governments to introduce interim emergency administrative rules relating to healthcare and epidemic control.

The Law on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and measures for its implementation have been strictly enforced, and guidelines have been promulgated on controlling the disease, combating epidemic-related crimes in accordance with the law, and protecting people's lives and health. Law and order, and market supervision have been strengthened. Price gouging, hoarding and profiteering, production and sales of counterfeit or sub-standard products, and any other crimes impeding response efforts have been punished by law. Quality and price control of anti-epidemic supplies has been reinforced, and stronger measures have been taken against deceptive and illegal advertising, ensuring social order and stability. Supervision on administrative law enforcement has been intensified during epidemic control to ensure that the law is enforced in a strict, impartial, procedure-based, and non-abusive way. Legal disputes associated with the epidemic have been resolved in accordance with the law, and legal guarantees and services have been provided for Covid-19 response and for businesses returning to work. The government has also made greater efforts to raise public legal awareness and guide people to act within the parameters of the law.

遵循科學(xué)規(guī)律開展防控。新冠病毒是新病毒，對其認(rèn)識需要有個過程。積極借鑒以往經(jīng)驗，緊密結(jié)合中國國情，遵循流行病學(xué)規(guī)律，探索行之有效的方法手段，用中國辦法破解疫情防控難題。注重發(fā)揮病毒學(xué)、流行病學(xué)、臨床醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜易饔茫皶r開展疫情形勢分析研判，提出防控策略建議，充分尊重專家意見，增強(qiáng)疫情防控的科學(xué)性專業(yè)性。秉持科學(xué)態(tài)度，加強(qiáng)病毒感染、致病機(jī)理、傳播途徑、傳播能力等研究，與世界衛(wèi)生組織及其他國家和地區(qū)保持溝通交流。隨著對病毒認(rèn)識的不斷深化，及時調(diào)整和優(yōu)化工作措施，不斷提升防控水平。根據(jù)疫情形勢變化和評估結(jié)果，先后制修訂6版新冠肺炎防控方案，科學(xué)規(guī)范開展病例監(jiān)測、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、可疑暴露者和密切接觸者管理以及實驗室檢測等工作。針對重點(diǎn)人群、重點(diǎn)場所、重點(diǎn)單位發(fā)布15項防控技術(shù)方案、6項心理疏導(dǎo)工作方案，并細(xì)化形成50項防控技術(shù)指南，進(jìn)一步提高疫情防控的科學(xué)性精準(zhǔn)性。

Prevention and control efforts have been based on science. Covid-19 is a new virus and it will take time for humanity to understand it completely. In its quest for victory over the coronavirus, China has been mapping its own route to success – one based on reliable experience, tailored to its national conditions, and rooted in sound epidemiological practice.

China values the role of experts in virology, epidemiology, clinical medicine and related fields. China's response has been professional because its response measures were based on timely analyses and assessments by scientists and public health experts, whose views and proposals were fully respected.

China has given full support to factual and scientific research on virus infection, pathogenesis, transmission routes and transmissibility while maintaining exchanges and communication with the WHO and other countries and regions.

With a growing body of knowledge of the virus, China has modified and optimized its response measures in a timely manner to make them more effective. It has developed a Covid-19 prevention and control protocol and updated it five times based on assessments of the evolving epidemic dynamics. The protocol provides a set of reliable standards for case monitoring, epidemiological investigation, management of close contacts and of those suspected of exposure to infection, and procedure-based tests in laboratories. China has also published 15 technical manuals on epidemic prevention and control for key population groups, locations and organizations, 6 work plans on psychological counseling for people affected by Covid-19, and 50 specific technical guidelines. All of this has ensured that China's prevention and control efforts are more targeted and science-based.

（三）全力救治患者、拯救生命

3. An All-Out Effort to Treat Patients and Save Lives

醫(yī)療救治始終以提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率的“兩提高”“兩降低”為目標(biāo)，堅持集中患者、集中專家、集中資源、集中救治“四集中”原則，堅持中西醫(yī)結(jié)合，實施分類救治、分級管理。對重癥患者，調(diào)集最優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生、最先進(jìn)的設(shè)備、最急需的資源，不惜一切代價進(jìn)行救治，大幅度降低病亡率；對輕癥患者及早干預(yù)，盡可能在初期得以治愈，大幅度降低轉(zhuǎn)重率。

From the outset, China's goal in its medical response to Covid-19 has been to improve the patient admission and cure rates and reduce the infection and fatality rates. The infected were treated in dedicated medical facilities where medical specialists from all over the country and all the necessary medical resources were concentrated. Both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were applied. A condition-specific and category-based approach was applied to medical treatment of patients. Severe cases were treated by the best doctors using the most advanced equipment, and critical supplies were pooled to save lives at all costs. It is through such efforts that the Covid-19 fatality rate in China has dropped sharply. Early medical intervention has made it possible to have patients with mild symptoms cured without delay, thus significantly reducing the risk that their condition might worsen.

集中優(yōu)勢資源加強(qiáng)重癥救治。疫情突發(fā)導(dǎo)致武漢市醫(yī)療資源擠兌。針對疫情初期患者數(shù)量激增與床位資源不足的突出矛盾，集中資源和力量在武漢市建設(shè)擴(kuò)充重癥定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院和救治床位，將全部重癥危重癥患者集中到綜合實力最強(qiáng)且具備呼吸道傳染性疾病收治條件的綜合醫(yī)院集中開展救治。建成火神山、雷神山兩座各可容納1000多張床位的傳染病專科醫(yī)院，改擴(kuò)建一批定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院，改造一批綜合醫(yī)院，使重癥床位從1000張左右迅速增加至9100多張，解決了重癥患者大規(guī)模收治難題。優(yōu)化重癥救治策略，制定個體化醫(yī)療救治方案。建立專家巡查制度，定期組織專家團(tuán)隊對武漢市定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院重癥患者救治進(jìn)行巡診，評估患者病情和治療方案。針對超過80%的重癥患者合并嚴(yán)重基礎(chǔ)性疾病情況，實行“一人一策”，建立感染、呼吸、重癥、心臟、腎臟等多學(xué)科會診制度，并制定重癥、危重癥護(hù)理規(guī)范，推出高流量吸氧、無創(chuàng)和有創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣、俯臥位通氣等措施。嚴(yán)格落實疑難危重癥患者會診制度、死亡病例討論制度等醫(yī)療質(zhì)量安全核心制度，強(qiáng)化對治愈出院患者健康監(jiān)測，確保重癥患者救治質(zhì)量。開展康復(fù)者恢復(fù)期血漿采集和臨床治療工作，建立應(yīng)急儲備庫，截至5月31日，全國共采集恢復(fù)期血漿2765人次，1689人次患者接受恢復(fù)期血漿治療，取得較好治療效果。

Pooling premium resources to treat severe cases. The sudden appearance of Covid-19 in Wuhan put an overwhelming strain on its medical resources. There was a severe shortage of hospital beds in the early stage as the number of infections surged. By directing resources to Wuhan, China expanded the capacity of designated hospitals to deal with severe cases and increased the number of beds. Patients in severe and critical condition were gathered for treatment and intensive care at the best hospitals with the greatest capacity for accommodating patients with infectious respiratory diseases. Two hospitals with 1,000-plus beds each – Huoshenshan and Leishenshan – were built as specialist hospitals for treating infectious diseases, and a number of designated and general hospitals were expanded or remodeled. The number of beds for severe cases quickly increased from around 1,000 to more than 9,100. Hospitals were able to admit large numbers of patients who were seriously ill.

The treatment strategy for severe cases was improved, and tailored treatment provided to individual patients. Inspection teams consisting of top experts were organized to regularly inspect Wuhan's designated hospitals and evaluate patients in critical condition and their therapeutic regimen. For those with serious underlying medical conditions, who accounted for more than 80 percent of all severe cases, case-by-case treatment was prescribed after consultation with a multidisciplinary team consisting of experts on infection, respiratory diseases, heart and kidney diseases, and intensive care. In addition, a set of standards were formulated for nursing patients in severe and critical condition, and such measures as high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and ventilation in a prone position were adopted. Expert consultation on complex, severe and critical cases, and fatal cases, and other core medical security systems were strictly implemented. Those who have been cured and discharged from hospital have received rigorous health monitoring, and patients in severe condition have been given quality medical treatment.

The plasma of convalescent Covid-19 patients has been collected to set up an emergency plasma reserve, and convalescent plasma therapy has been applied in clinical treatment. As of May 31, convalescent plasma had been collected from 2,765 recovered patients, and 1,689 patients had been treated with the therapy, with positive results.

對輕癥患者及早干預(yù)治療。及時收治輕癥患者，及早實施醫(yī)療干預(yù)，盡量減少輕癥轉(zhuǎn)為重癥。完善臨床救治體系，全國共指定1萬余家定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院，對新冠肺炎患者實行定點(diǎn)集中治療。建立全國醫(yī)療救治協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，通過遠(yuǎn)程會診方式提供技術(shù)支持。武漢市針對患者數(shù)量急劇增長、80%左右是輕癥的情況，集中力量將一批體育場館、會展中心等改造成16家方艙醫(yī)院，床位達(dá)到1.4萬余張，使輕癥患者應(yīng)收盡收、應(yīng)治盡治，減少了社區(qū)感染傳播，減少了輕癥向重癥轉(zhuǎn)化。16家方艙醫(yī)院累計收治患者1.2萬余人，累計治愈出院8000余人、轉(zhuǎn)院3500余人，實現(xiàn)“零感染、零死亡、零回頭”。方艙醫(yī)院是阻擊重大傳染病的重大創(chuàng)新，使“應(yīng)收盡收”“床位等人”成為現(xiàn)實，有力扭轉(zhuǎn)了防控形勢。英國《柳葉刀》社論認(rèn)為，“中國建造的方艙庇護(hù)醫(yī)院對于緩解醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)所承受的巨大壓力有著至關(guān)重要的作用”。

Early intervention for patients with mild symptoms. China has been quick to have patients with mild symptoms admitted to designated medical facilities for early medical intervention, and has done its best to prevent mild cases from worsening. The national clinical treatment network has been expanded to include more than 10,000 hospitals dedicated to the treatment of Covid-19 patients. A national network of medical treatment coordination has also been formed to provide technical support through online consultation.

In Wuhan, faced with surging infections and considering that 80 percent of cases were mild, the city government mobilized resources to repurpose stadiums and exhibition centers into 16 temporary treatment centers. With some 14,000 beds, these centers were able to admit all confirmed mild cases for treatment. This helped to reduce infections and virus transmission in communities and prevent mild cases from worsening. The 16 treatment centers received a total of more than 12,000 patients; 8,000 and more were cured and discharged; and more than 3,500 were transferred to hospitals. While in service, these facilities had zero cases of infection, death, or relapse.

Temporary treatment centers, or Fangcang shelter hospitals, are a major innovative solution that provided enough beds to admit all confirmed cases, thus turning the tide in the battle against Covid-19. An article in The Lancet wrote, "To relieve the huge pressure on the healthcare system, Fangcang shelter hospitals have also been crucial."

及時總結(jié)推廣行之有效的診療方案。堅持邊實踐、邊研究、邊探索、邊總結(jié)、邊完善，在基于科學(xué)認(rèn)知和證據(jù)積累的基礎(chǔ)上，將行之有效的診療技術(shù)和科技研究成果納入診療方案。先后制修訂7版新冠肺炎診療方案，3版重型、危重型病例診療方案，2版輕型、普通型管理規(guī)范，2版康復(fù)者恢復(fù)期血漿治療方案，1版新冠肺炎出院患者主要功能障礙康復(fù)治療方案，提高了醫(yī)療救治工作的科學(xué)性和規(guī)范性。最新的第7版新冠肺炎診療方案增加病理改變內(nèi)容，增補(bǔ)和調(diào)整臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、治療方法和出院標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等，并納入無癥狀感染者可能具有感染性、康復(fù)者恢復(fù)期血漿治療等新發(fā)現(xiàn)。目前，第7版診療方案已被多個國家借鑒和采用。強(qiáng)化治愈出院患者隔離管理和健康監(jiān)測，加強(qiáng)復(fù)診復(fù)檢和康復(fù)，實現(xiàn)治療、康復(fù)和健康監(jiān)測一體化全方位醫(yī)療服務(wù)。注重孕產(chǎn)婦、兒童等患者差異性診療策略，實現(xiàn)不同人群診療方案的全覆蓋。

Reviewing diagnostic and therapeutic plans and applying effective ones on a broad scale. China's diagnostic and therapeutic plans for Covid-19 have been developed and improved through clinical practice, medical research, experimentation and regular reviews. Based on scientific knowledge and accumulated evidence, R&D results and the diagnostic and therapeutic regimens that proved effective were incorporated in the national diagnosis and treatment plans. These include seven versions of the diagnosis and treatment protocol, three editions of the protocol for severe and critical cases, two editions of the manual for mild case management, two editions of convalescent plasma therapy treatment protocol, and one rehabilitation treatment program for patients discharged from hospitals. All these protocols and plans have contributed to science-based treatment of patients and the establishment of standards for medical treatment.

In Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Covid-19 (Trial Version 7), information on pathological changes, clinical symptoms, criteria for diagnosis, therapies, and criteria for patient discharge was added or updated. The protocol states that asymptomatic cases may be contagious. It also notes that plasma from convalescent cases may work in treating the infected. This edition has been adopted or used for reference in a number of countries.

Concerning discharged patients, quarantining, monitoring of their health and rehabilitation, and reexamination and re-testing have all been strengthened. Integrated medical services covering treatment, rehabilitation and health monitoring have been put in place. Differentiated treatment approaches have been adopted for children and pregnant women, among other groups.

充分發(fā)揮中醫(yī)藥特色優(yōu)勢。堅持中西醫(yī)結(jié)合、中西藥并用，發(fā)揮中醫(yī)藥治未病、辨證施治、多靶點(diǎn)干預(yù)的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢，全程參與深度介入疫情防控，從中醫(yī)角度研究確定病因病基、治則治法，形成了覆蓋醫(yī)學(xué)觀察期、輕型、普通型、重型、危重型、恢復(fù)期發(fā)病全過程的中醫(yī)診療規(guī)范和技術(shù)方案，在全國范圍內(nèi)全面推廣使用。中醫(yī)醫(yī)院、中醫(yī)團(tuán)隊參與救治，中醫(yī)醫(yī)療隊整建制接管定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院若干重癥病區(qū)和方艙醫(yī)院，其他方艙醫(yī)院派駐中醫(yī)專家。中醫(yī)藥早期介入、全程參與、分類救治，對輕癥患者實施中醫(yī)藥早介入早使用；對重癥和危重癥患者實行中西醫(yī)結(jié)合；對醫(yī)學(xué)觀察發(fā)熱病人和密切接觸者服用中藥提高免疫力；對出院患者實施中醫(yī)康復(fù)方案，建立全國新冠肺炎康復(fù)協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提供康復(fù)指導(dǎo)。中醫(yī)藥參與救治確診病例的占比達(dá)到92%。湖北省確診病例中醫(yī)藥使用率和總有效率超過90%。篩選金花清感顆粒、連花清瘟膠囊/顆粒、血必凈注射液和清肺排毒湯、化濕敗毒方、宣肺敗毒方等“三藥三方”為代表的針對不同類型新冠肺炎的治療中成藥和方藥，臨床療效確切，有效降低了發(fā)病率、轉(zhuǎn)重率、病亡率，促進(jìn)了核酸轉(zhuǎn)陰，提高了治愈率，加快了恢復(fù)期康復(fù)。

Leveraging the unique strength of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Both TCM and Western medicine were used and traditional Chinese and Western drugs administered. China has leveraged the unique strength of TCM in preemptive prevention, differentiated medication, and multi-targeted intervention, and at every step of Covid-19 treatment and control. The etiology and pathogen of the disease were analyzed and confirmed through TCM methodology, as were the principles and methods of treatment. A set of TCM diagnosis and treatment protocols were developed to cover the entire process of medical observation, treatment of mild, moderate, severe, and critical cases, and recovery, and they have been applied nationwide.

TCM hospitals were used in the treatment of Covid-19 patients, and TCM teams took charge of and ran some wards for patients in severe condition at designated hospitals and some treatment centers. All the other shelter hospitals had resident TCM experts. TCM has played its part in the entire process of Covid-19 response, from early intervention to administering case-specific treatment. TCM drugs and treatment methods were used for early intervention and treatment of patients with mild symptoms; for patients with severe symptoms they were used in combination with Western medicine; for those under medical observation for fever and those who had been in close contact with confirmed cases they served to improve immunity; they helped to strengthen the constitution of those who had recovered. A national TCM coordination network was formed to offer guidance to patients recovering from the disease.

Chinese herbal formulas and drugs were administered to 92 percent of all confirmed cases. In Hubei Province, more than 90 percent of confirmed cases received TCM treatment that proved effective. Jinhua Qinggan Granules, Lianhua Qingwen Capsules/Granules, Xuebijing Injection, Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Preparation, Dampness Resolving and Detoxifying Preparation, Lung Diffusing and Detoxifying Preparation, and other TCM drugs and herbal formulas have proved effective in treating different types of Covid-19 patients. They have significantly reduced the incidence rate, prevented cases with mild symptoms from worsening, increased the cure rate, lowered the fatality rate, helped nucleic acid turn negative, and sped up the rehabilitation of recovered Covid-19 patients.

實施患者免費(fèi)救治。及時預(yù)撥疫情防控資金，確保患者不因費(fèi)用問題影響就醫(yī)，確保各地不因資金問題影響醫(yī)療救治和疫情防控。截至5月31日，全國各級財政共安排疫情防控資金1624億元。及時調(diào)整醫(yī)保政策，明確確診和疑似患者醫(yī)療保障政策，對確診和疑似患者實行“先救治，后結(jié)算”。對新冠肺炎患者（包括確診和疑似患者）發(fā)生的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，在基本醫(yī)保、大病保險、醫(yī)療救助等按規(guī)定支付后，個人負(fù)擔(dān)部分由財政給予補(bǔ)助。異地就醫(yī)醫(yī)保支付的費(fèi)用由就醫(yī)地醫(yī)保部門先行墊付。截至5月31日，全國確診住院患者結(jié)算人數(shù)5.8萬人次，總醫(yī)療費(fèi)用13.5億元，確診患者人均醫(yī)療費(fèi)用約2.3萬元。其中，重癥患者人均治療費(fèi)用超過15萬元，一些危重癥患者治療費(fèi)用幾十萬元甚至上百萬元，全部由國家承擔(dān)。

Providing free treatment for patients. Government funds for Covid-19 control were made available in advance to ensure that patients could receive timely treatment and local authorities could proceed smoothly with measures for medical treatment and epidemic control. As of May 31, a total of RMB162.4 billion had been allocated by governments of all levels to fight the virus.

Policies for medical insurance were quickly adjusted, with clear provisions for confirmed or suspected Covid-19 patients. They could get treatment with delayed settlement of accounts. All Covid-19 patients, confirmed or suspected, received subsidies from state finance for any medical bills not covered by basic medical insurance, serious disease insurance, or the medical assistance fund. In the case of patients receiving treatment in places where they were not registered for basic medical insurance, their medical bills related to Covid-19 were paid by the local insurance fund first and settled later.

As of May 31, the medical bills of 58,000 inpatients with confirmed infections had been settled by basic medical insurance, with a total expenditure of RMB1.35 billion, or RMB23,000 per person. The average cost for treating Covid-19 patients in severe condition surpassed RMB150,000, and in some critical cases the individual cost exceeded RMB1 million, all covered by the state.

加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)感染控制和醫(yī)務(wù)人員防護(hù)。制定感染控制技術(shù)指南和制度文件，明確醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)重點(diǎn)區(qū)域、就診流程“三區(qū)兩通道”建筑布局要求。加強(qiáng)對醫(yī)務(wù)人員的感染控制培訓(xùn)，開展全國督導(dǎo)，確保感染控制措施落實。對疫情嚴(yán)重、院內(nèi)感染風(fēng)險高、醫(yī)療救治壓力大的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)重點(diǎn)醫(yī)院，有針對性地開展指導(dǎo)。加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療廢物分類收集、運(yùn)送貯存，做好病亡者遺體處置。在援鄂援漢醫(yī)療隊中配置感染控制專家，全國支援湖北省和武漢市的醫(yī)務(wù)人員沒有感染病例。2月份以后，全國醫(yī)務(wù)人員感染病例報告數(shù)明顯減少。關(guān)心關(guān)愛醫(yī)務(wù)人員，制定一系列保障政策，開展心理疏導(dǎo)，妥善安排輪換休整，緩解身體和心理壓力，保持一線醫(yī)務(wù)人員戰(zhàn)斗力。

Strengthening infection control at medical institutions and ensuring personal protection for health workers. A set of technical manuals and normative documents on infection control were developed to regulate the layout of key areas in medical institutions and the consultation and treatment process, including clean zones, partially contaminated zones, contaminated zones, and separate passages for medical staff and patients. Health workers received training in workplace infection control, and nationwide supervision was strengthened to ensure control measures were implemented to the letter. Targeted guidance was given to the hardest-hit areas, hospitals at a higher risk of infection among staff, and areas and hospitals under the greatest pressure in treating patients. A major effort was put into the sorting, collection, storage and removal of medical waste, and the treatment of the remains of the deceased.

All emergency medical teams coming to Wuhan and Hubei from other parts of China had at least one infection control expert. Thanks to this arrangement, there have been no cases of infection in the teams. Since February there has been a sharp drop in the number of reported infections among medical staff nationwide. Health workers have been cared for and their needs attended to. A series of policies and measures have been introduced to ensure their wellbeing, such as psychological counseling and staff rotation, to ease their physical and psychological stress, help them stay healthy, and allow them to continue the fight on the front line.

（四）依法及時公開透明發(fā)布疫情信息

4. China Has Released Information in an Open and Transparent Manner as Required by Law

在全力做好疫情防控的同時，中國以對生命負(fù)責(zé)、對人民負(fù)責(zé)、對歷史負(fù)責(zé)、對國際社會負(fù)責(zé)的態(tài)度，建立最嚴(yán)格且專業(yè)高效的信息發(fā)布制度，第一時間發(fā)布權(quán)威信息，速度、密度、力度前所未有。持續(xù)、權(quán)威、清晰的疫情信息，有效回應(yīng)了公眾關(guān)切、凝聚了社會共識，為其他國家提供了參考和借鑒。

While making an all-out effort to contain the virus, China has also acted with a keen sense of responsibility to humanity, its people, posterity, and the international community. It has provided information on Covid-19 in a thoroughly professional and efficient way. It has released authoritative and detailed information as early as possible on a regular basis, thus effectively responding to public concern and building public consensus. Its experience is something other countries can draw on in their fight against the virus.

建立嚴(yán)格的疫情發(fā)布機(jī)制。依法、及時、公開、透明發(fā)布疫情信息，制定嚴(yán)格規(guī)定，堅決防止瞞報、遲報、漏報。武漢市從2019年12月31日起依法發(fā)布疫情信息，并逐步增加信息發(fā)布頻次。2020年1月21日起，國家衛(wèi)生健康委每日在官方網(wǎng)站、政務(wù)新媒體平臺發(fā)布前一天全國疫情信息，各省級衛(wèi)生健康部門每日統(tǒng)一發(fā)布前一天本省份疫情信息。2月3日起，國家衛(wèi)生健康委英文網(wǎng)站同步發(fā)布相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。

A strict system of information release has been established. China has released information on Covid-19 in a timely, open and transparent manner as required by law. Strict regulations are in place to see there is no withholding of information, underreporting, or delay in reporting cases of infection. On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan government began to release coronavirus information in accordance with the law, and gradually increased the frequency of release. Since January 21, 2020, the NHC has provided daily updates on nationwide cases on its official website and social media platform, and provincial health departments have done the same on local cases. Starting from February 3, the NHC has released the information simultaneously on its English-language website.

建立分級分層新聞發(fā)布制度。堅持國家和地方相結(jié)合、現(xiàn)場發(fā)布與網(wǎng)上發(fā)布相結(jié)合，建立多層次多渠道多平臺信息發(fā)布機(jī)制，持續(xù)發(fā)布權(quán)威信息，及時回應(yīng)國內(nèi)外關(guān)注的疫情形勢、疫情防控、醫(yī)療救治、科研攻關(guān)等熱點(diǎn)問題。截至5月31日，國務(wù)院聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制、國務(wù)院新聞辦公室共舉行新聞發(fā)布會161場，邀請50多個部門490余人次出席發(fā)布會，回答中外媒體1400多個提問；湖北省舉行103場新聞發(fā)布會，其他省份共舉行1050場新聞發(fā)布會。

A tiered news release mechanism has been formed. At both national and local levels, a tiered information release mechanism has been formed to circulate authoritative information through various channels and platforms, both onsite and online, in order to address domestic and international concerns on virus control, medical treatment, and scientific research. By May 31, the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism and the Information Office of the State Council had held 161 press conferences during which officials from more than 50 government departments appeared over 490 times and answered more than 1,400 questions from Chinese and foreign media. One hundred and three press conferences had been held in Hubei and 1,050 in the other provinces.

依法適時訂正病例數(shù)據(jù)。本土疫情得到控制后，為確保公開透明、數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確，武漢市針對疫情早期因收治能力不足導(dǎo)致患者在家中病亡、醫(yī)院超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、死亡病例信息登記不全等原因，客觀上存在遲報、漏報、誤報現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)相關(guān)法律規(guī)定，在深入開展涉疫大數(shù)據(jù)與流行病學(xué)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，對確診和死亡病例數(shù)進(jìn)行了訂正，并向社會公開發(fā)布。

Covid-19 statistics have been updated in accordance with the law. In the early stage of Covid-19 control, there were late, incomplete and erroneous reports of Covid-19 cases in Wuhan due to unverified deaths at home, inadequate hospital capacity, hospitals being overwhelmed, and incomplete recording of deaths. After the domestic spread of Covid-19 had been brought under control, the city updated the number of confirmed cases and deaths based on big data application and an epidemiological investigation to ensure accuracy of the data, and released the results in an open and transparent manner in accordance with the law.

多渠道多平臺傳播信息。國家衛(wèi)生健康委中、英文官方網(wǎng)站和政務(wù)新媒體平臺設(shè)置疫情防控專題頁面，發(fā)布每日疫情信息，解讀政策措施，介紹中國抗疫進(jìn)展，普及科學(xué)防控知識，澄清謠言傳言。各省（自治區(qū)、直轄市）政府網(wǎng)站及政務(wù)新媒體平臺及時發(fā)布本地疫情信息和防控舉措。大力開展應(yīng)急科普，通過科普專業(yè)平臺、媒體和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)面向公眾普及科學(xué)認(rèn)知、科學(xué)防治知識，組織權(quán)威專家介紹日常防控常識，引導(dǎo)公眾理性認(rèn)識新冠肺炎疫情，做好個人防護(hù)，消除恐慌恐懼。加強(qiáng)社會輿論引導(dǎo)，各類媒體充分傳遞抗擊疫情正能量，同時發(fā)揮輿論監(jiān)督作用，推動解決疫情防控中出現(xiàn)的問題。

Covid-19-related information is provided through various channels and platforms. The NHC's official Chinese and English websites and its social media platform have special sections where Covid-19-related information is released on a daily basis, including information on relevant policies, progress in China's containment efforts, updates on disease prevention and control, and clarifications that refute rumors. Information on local Covid-19 control has been promptly released on government websites and social media platforms of all provinces. To disseminate knowledge about its Covid-19 response, China has released relevant information through platforms for popularizing science, and through the media and the internet. Leading medical experts have offered advice on routine self-protection to help the public see Covid-19 in a rational way and forestall panic. The media has expanded public outreach and sent a positive message in combating the virus, and public opinion has played its role of oversight to help solve problems affecting virus control.

（五）充分發(fā)揮科技支撐作用

5. Science and Technology Underpin China's Efforts

科學(xué)技術(shù)是人類同疾病較量的銳利武器，人類戰(zhàn)勝大災(zāi)大疫離不開科學(xué)發(fā)展和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。面對人類未知的新冠病毒，中國堅持以科學(xué)為先導(dǎo)，充分運(yùn)用近年來科技創(chuàng)新成果，組織協(xié)調(diào)全國優(yōu)勢科研力量，以武漢市為主戰(zhàn)場，統(tǒng)籌全國和疫情重災(zāi)區(qū)，根據(jù)疫情發(fā)展不同階段確定科研攻關(guān)重點(diǎn)，堅持科研、臨床、防控一線相互協(xié)同和產(chǎn)學(xué)研各方緊密配合，為疫情防控提供了有力科技支撐。

Science and technology are the sharp blade that humanity wields in the battle against disease. Such battles could not have been won without scientific advances and technological innovation. Confronted by Covid-19, a previously unknown virus, China has exploited the pioneering role of science and technology and fully applied the results of scientific and technical innovation in recent years. Top scientific research resources have gathered from around the nation to support virus control. Focusing on the main battlefield of Wuhan and coordinating efforts in the most severely-affected areas and across the rest of the country, China pinpointed key R&D areas for different stages of virus control. The close coordination between scientific research, clinical application, and frontline virus control, and between enterprises, universities, and research institutes, has given powerful support for the war against the virus.

實施科研應(yīng)急攻關(guān)。遵循安全、有效、可供的原則，加快推進(jìn)藥物、疫苗、新型檢測試劑等研發(fā)和應(yīng)用。適應(yīng)疫情防控一線的緊迫需求，圍繞“可溯、可診、可治、可防、可控”，堅持產(chǎn)學(xué)研用相結(jié)合，聚焦臨床救治和藥物、疫苗研發(fā)、檢測技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品、病毒病原學(xué)和流行病學(xué)、動物模型構(gòu)建5大主攻方向，組織全國優(yōu)勢力量開展疫情防控科技攻關(guān)，加速推進(jìn)科技研發(fā)和應(yīng)用，部署啟動83個應(yīng)急攻關(guān)項目。按照滅活疫苗、重組蛋白疫苗、減毒流感病毒載體疫苗、腺病毒載體疫苗、核酸疫苗等5條技術(shù)路線開展疫苗研發(fā)。目前，已有4種滅活疫苗和1種腺病毒載體疫苗獲批開展臨床試驗，總體研發(fā)進(jìn)度與國外持平，部分技術(shù)路線進(jìn)展處于國際領(lǐng)先。組織科研團(tuán)隊開展科學(xué)溯源研究。

Key progress has been made in scientific research. Following the principles of safety, effectiveness and availability, China has accelerated the R&D and application of medicines, vaccines, and new test kits. To meet the urgent needs of frontline virus control, and to ensure traceability of infection sources, diagnosis and treatment of patients, and prevention and control of infections, China has pooled resources from enterprises, universities, and research institutes, directing them to focus on five areas – clinical treatment, new medicines and vaccines, testing techniques and products, viral etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction. Top research resources from around the nation have been galvanized to work on these tasks in pursuit of early results and application. A total of 83 emergency R&D programs have been initiated. Vaccines are being developed in five categories – inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, live attenuated influenza vaccines, adenovirus vaccines, and nucleic acid-based vaccines. To date, four inactivated vaccines and one adenovirus vaccine have been approved for clinical trials. While scientists in China and abroad have kept up with mutual developments, China leads the world in the development of certain types of vaccines. Research teams have also been assembled to trace the origin of Covid-19.

堅持科研攻關(guān)和臨床救治、防控實踐相結(jié)合。第一時間研發(fā)出核酸檢測試劑盒，推出一批靈敏度高、操作便捷的檢測設(shè)備和試劑，檢測試劑研發(fā)布局涵蓋核酸檢測、基因測序、免疫法檢測等多個技術(shù)路徑。堅持“老藥新用”基本思路，積極篩選有效治療藥物，探索新的治療手段，在嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)捏w外研究和機(jī)制研究基礎(chǔ)上，不斷總結(jié)救治經(jīng)驗，推動磷酸氯喹、恢復(fù)期血漿、托珠單抗和中醫(yī)藥方劑、中成藥等10種藥物或治療手段進(jìn)入診療方案，獲得4項臨床批件，形成5項指導(dǎo)意見或?qū)＜夜沧R。開展試驗性臨床治療，加快推廣應(yīng)用臨床驗證有效的診療方法和藥物。強(qiáng)化實驗室生物安全監(jiān)管，加強(qiáng)新冠病毒臨床檢測血液樣本和實驗室檢測生物樣本管理。

Scientific R&D has been integrated with clinical treatment and epidemic control. Having promptly developed nucleic acid test kits, China has also introduced a range of high-sensitivity, easy-to-use test equipment and reagents. Its R&D of reagents covers nucleic acid testing, gene testing, and immunological testing.

Putting existing medicines to new use, China has searched for effective medicines and new therapies, and summarized clinical experience based on rigorous in vitro experiments and pathogenic research. Ten types of medicine, including chloroquine phosphate, tocilizumab, finished TCM drugs, and herbal preparations, as well as convalescent plasma therapy, have been adopted in treatment plans. Approval for clinical trial has been given to four medicines, and guidelines formed or expert consensus reached in five areas. Clinical treatments have been trialed, and diagnosis and treatment methods and medicines that have proven clinically effective have been rolled out at a faster pace. Biosecurity has been strengthened at laboratories, as has the management of blood samples for Covid-19 testing and biological samples for laboratory testing.

運(yùn)用大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新技術(shù)開展防控。充分利用大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新技術(shù)，進(jìn)行疫情趨勢研判，開展流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，努力找到每一個感染者、窮盡式地追蹤密切接觸者并進(jìn)行隔離。建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，依法開展疫情防控風(fēng)險數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)，對不同風(fēng)險人群進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)識別，預(yù)判不同地區(qū)疫情風(fēng)險，為促進(jìn)人員有序流動和復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)提供服務(wù)。通過5G視頻實時對話平臺，偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查團(tuán)隊可以與幾千公里之外的高級別專家實時互動交流。經(jīng)公民個人授權(quán)，推廣個人“健康碼”“通信大數(shù)據(jù)行程卡”作為出行、復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)復(fù)學(xué)、日常生活及出入公共場所的憑證，根據(jù)查詢結(jié)果進(jìn)行管控通行和分類處置，實現(xiàn)分區(qū)分級的精準(zhǔn)識別、精準(zhǔn)施策和精準(zhǔn)防控。利用大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)繪制“疫情地圖”，通過社區(qū)名稱、地址和位置，標(biāo)明疫情傳播具體地點(diǎn)、距離、人數(shù)等，為公眾防范傳染提供方便。

Big data and artificial intelligence have been used in epidemic control. China has fully utilized big data, artificial intelligence, and other new technologies in research and analysis to forecast the trend of Covid-19 developments. These tools have also been exhaustively applied in epidemiological investigations to find every infected person and track every close contact for quarantine. A database has been set up in accordance with the law to provide data services for virus risk control, precisely identify different groups at risk, predict risk factors in different areas, and facilitate the orderly flow of people and the resumption of business operations. Via online platforms based on 5G technology, epidemiological teams in remote mountainous areas have been able to engage in real-time discussion with top experts thousands of miles away. With authorization from the public, health QR codes and digital travel records have been employed as permits for making trips, going to school or work, and accessing certain public venues, and for other daily errands. The results shown on the codes and records provide a base for travel control and differentiated response measures, which has made risk identification and targeted control possible in different areas and at different levels. Applying big data technology, an "epidemic map" has been created to display the specific names and locations of the communities where cases have been reported and the number of infections that has been ascertained. The map has made it easier for the public to guard against infection.

此次新冠肺炎疫情防控，為應(yīng)對重大突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件積累了寶貴經(jīng)驗，同時也暴露出國家公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急管理體系存在的不足。中國將認(rèn)真總結(jié)疫情防控和醫(yī)療救治經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，研究采取一系列重要舉措，補(bǔ)短板、強(qiáng)弱項。改革完善疾病預(yù)防控制體系，建設(shè)平戰(zhàn)結(jié)合的重大疫情防控救治體系，健全應(yīng)急物資保障體系，加強(qiáng)構(gòu)建關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)新型舉國體制，深入開展愛國衛(wèi)生運(yùn)動，不斷完善公共衛(wèi)生體系，切實提高應(yīng)對突發(fā)重大公共衛(wèi)生事件的能力和水平，更好維護(hù)人民生命安全和身體健康。

Through the battle against Covid-19, China has accumulated valuable experience in responding to major public health emergencies, and deficiencies in the national response system have been exposed. Summarizing this experience and learning from lessons, China will adopt a series of important measures to reinforce weak links. China will:

? reform and improve the disease prevention and control system;

? establish a major epidemic prevention, control and treatment system adapted to both times of peace and times of crisis;

? improve the emergency supply system;

? strengthen the new strategy of pooling nationwide resources for breakthroughs in core technologies;

? continue to implement initiatives to improve public sanitation; and

? improve the public health system.

China will make solid efforts to build capacity and improve its response to major public health emergencies, and better safeguard people's lives and health.

三、凝聚抗擊疫情的強(qiáng)大力量

III. Assembling a Powerful Force to Beat the Virus

面對未知病毒突然襲擊，中國堅持人民至上、生命至上，舉全國之力，快速有效調(diào)動全國資源和力量，不惜一切代價維護(hù)人民生命安全和身體健康。中國共產(chǎn)黨以人民為中心的執(zhí)政理念，中國集中力量辦大事的制度特點(diǎn)，改革開放40多年來特別是中共十八大以來積累的雄厚綜合國力和國家治理現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的顯著成效，中華民族同舟共濟(jì)、守望相助的文化底色，中國人民深厚的家國情懷、天下情懷，匯聚成抗擊疫情的強(qiáng)大合力。

Facing the sudden onslaught of a previously unknown virus, China has put the people's interests first – nothing is more precious than people's lives. It has rapidly mobilized the manpower and resources of the whole nation and done everything possible to protect the lives and health of its people. A powerful synergy has been formed thanks to the following factors: observing the people-centered governance philosophy of the CPC; China's ability to mobilize resources to accomplish major initiatives; its composite national strength built up during more than four decades of reform and opening up, particularly since the 18th CPC National Congress held in November 2012; remarkable achievements in modernizing governance; two defining values of Chinese culture – solidarity and mutual assistance; and the profound love of the Chinese people for their family and their country.

（一）人的生命高于一切

1. Lives Are Precious

在新冠肺炎疫情突襲，人民生命安全和身體健康受到嚴(yán)重威脅的重大時刻，中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府始終以對人民負(fù)責(zé)、對生命負(fù)責(zé)的鮮明態(tài)度，準(zhǔn)確分析和把握形勢，既多方考量、慎之又慎，又及時出手、堅決果敢，以非常之舉應(yīng)對非常之事，全力保障人民生命權(quán)、健康權(quán)。

At a critical time when people's lives and health were endangered, the CPC and the Chinese government acted with a keen sense of responsibility and swiftly identified the problem. The central authorities took multiple factors into consideration, made timely and resolute decisions, employed extraordinary measures to deal with an extraordinary emergency, and made every effort to safeguard people's lives and health.

在人民生命和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益之間果斷抉擇生命至上。疫情暴發(fā)后，以寧可一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑甚至短期“停擺”，也要對人民生命安全和身體健康負(fù)責(zé)的巨大勇氣，對湖北省和武漢市果斷采取史無前例的全面嚴(yán)格管控措施。同時，在全國范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)控人員流動，延長春節(jié)假期，停止人員聚集性活動，決定全國企業(yè)和學(xué)校延期開工開學(xué)，迅速遏制疫情的傳播蔓延，避免更多人受到感染。英國《柳葉刀》社論認(rèn)為，“中國的成功也伴隨著巨大的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)代價，中國必須做出艱難的決定，從而在國民健康與經(jīng)濟(jì)保護(hù)之間獲得最佳平衡”。在疫情防控的關(guān)鍵階段，準(zhǔn)確把握疫情形勢變化，作出統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)疫情防控和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重大決策，有序恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)生活秩序，推動落實分區(qū)分級精準(zhǔn)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)，最大限度保障民生和人民正常生產(chǎn)生活。隨著本土疫情防控取得重大戰(zhàn)略成果，及時采取“外防輸入、內(nèi)防反彈”的防控策略，堅決防止來之不易的持續(xù)向好形勢發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)，堅決防止人民生命安全再次面臨病毒威脅。

Placing people's lives above economic growth. When the novel coronavirus struck, China decided that it would protect the lives and health of its people even at the cost of a short-term economic downturn and even a temporary shutdown. The government took strict and comprehensive control measures, never tried before, in the city of Wuhan and Hubei Province. To stem the spread of the virus, the movement of people across the country was tightly restricted, the Chinese New Year holiday was extended, gatherings were stopped, and the spring semester and business operations were postponed. In an editorial, The Lancet stated: "China's success has come with huge social and economic costs, and China must make difficult decisions to achieve an optimal balance between health and economic protection."

At the critical juncture of the fight against the virus, based on a precise understanding of the evolving situation, China took the major decision to continue Covid-19 prevention and control while resuming economic and social development. While restarting normal work in an orderly manner, it took targeted measures in different regions based on local conditions, so as to ensure people's daily life and wellbeing to the greatest possible extent. Having succeeded in containing the spread of the virus on the mainland, the Chinese government adopted a strategy of preventing inbound infections and domestic resurgence, to ensure its hard-won progress would not be lost.

不惜一切代價搶救生命。疫情初期，病毒感染者急劇增多，中國把提高治愈率、降低病亡率作為首要任務(wù)，快速充實醫(yī)療救治力量，把優(yōu)質(zhì)資源集中到救治一線。采取積極、科學(xué)、靈活的救治策略，慎終如始、全力以赴救治每一位患者，從出生僅30個小時的嬰兒至100多歲的老人，不計代價搶救每一位患者的生命。為了搶救病患，醫(yī)務(wù)人員冒著被感染的風(fēng)險采集病毒樣本，沒有人畏難退縮。為滿足重癥患者救治需要，想盡一切辦法籌措人工膜肺（ECMO）設(shè)備，能買盡買，能調(diào)盡調(diào)。武漢市重癥定點(diǎn)醫(yī)院累計收治重癥病例9600多例，轉(zhuǎn)歸為治愈的占比從14%提高到89%，超過一般病毒性肺炎救治平均水平。對伴有基礎(chǔ)性疾病的老年患者，一人一案、精準(zhǔn)施策，只要有一絲希望絕不輕易放棄，只要有搶救需要，人員、藥品、設(shè)備、經(jīng)費(fèi)全力保障。疫情發(fā)生以來，湖北省成功治愈3000余位80歲以上、7位百歲以上新冠肺炎患者，多位重癥老年患者是從死亡線上搶救回來的。一位70歲老人身患新冠肺炎，10多名醫(yī)護(hù)人員精心救護(hù)幾十天，終于挽回了老人生命，治療費(fèi)用近150萬元全部由國家承擔(dān)。

Saving lives at all costs. In the early stage of the epidemic, as the cases of infection soared, China made raising the cure rate and lowering the fatality rate its top priority. The best doctors and nurses were rapidly dispatched to the front line of the fight against the virus. Employing proactive, science-based, and flexible ways of treatment, they did everything possible to treat each and every patient, from an infant only 30 hours old to a centenarian. The goal was to save every single patient whatever the cost.

Medical workers braved the threat of infection to collect virus specimens. No one flinched, however daunting their task. To treat seriously ill patients, local governments and hospitals tried every means to acquire and reallocate ECMO equipment. Since the virus struck, hospitals in Wuhan designated for treating severe cases have treated more than 9,600 such cases. The recovery rate has risen from 14 percent to 89 percent, higher than the average rate for normal viral pneumonia. Tailored treatment was given to elderly patients with underlying medical conditions. As long as there was the slightest hope, doctors would never give up, and the need for personnel, medicines, equipment, or funds was met. To date, more than 3,000 patients over the age of 80, including 7 centenarians, have been cured, with many of them brought back to life from the verge of death. For example, a 70-year-old patient was saved thanks to intensive treatment and care by more than 10 medical workers over a period of several weeks. The cost of his treatment, nearly RMB1.5 million, was fully covered by the government.

關(guān)心關(guān)愛海外中國公民。國家時刻掛念海外中國公民的安危，敦促、支持有關(guān)國家政府采取有效措施保障當(dāng)?shù)厝A僑、留學(xué)生、中資機(jī)構(gòu)人員等安全。派出醫(yī)療專家組、工作組，開設(shè)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療服務(wù)平臺，為海外中國公民提供科學(xué)專業(yè)的疫情防控指導(dǎo)。協(xié)調(diào)外方全力救治在國外確診感染的中國公民，充分調(diào)動國內(nèi)專家、援外醫(yī)療隊等資源，積極支持配合外方開展救治。駐外使領(lǐng)館盡力履行領(lǐng)事保護(hù)職能，通過各種渠道宣介疫情防護(hù)知識，向留學(xué)生發(fā)放100多萬份“健康包”。協(xié)助在海外確有困難的中國公民有序回國。

Care and compassion for Chinese citizens overseas. China takes the safety of its citizens abroad very seriously. It has urged the governments of other countries to take effective measures to ensure the safety of Chinese students, the personnel of Chinese-funded institutions, and other Chinese nationals in their countries, and has supported them in doing so. Medical expert teams and work groups have been dispatched overseas and telemedicine service platforms set up, which provide scientific and professional guidance on Covid-19 prevention and control for Chinese citizens in other countries. Chinese medical teams have worked with host countries to ensure the best possible treatment for Chinese citizens diagnosed with infection. China has fully mobilized experts at home, medical teams on foreign aid missions, and other resources to assist foreign countries to provide treatment to these patients.

Performing their consular protection duties, Chinese embassies and consulates abroad have disseminated information on Covid-19 prevention and self-protection through all channels, and have provided more than 1 million "health kits" to overseas Chinese students. They have also helped overseas Chinese citizens in difficulty to return home.

以國之名悼念逝者。4月4日清明節(jié)，中國舉行全國性哀悼活動，深切悼念抗擊疫情斗爭犧牲烈士和逝世同胞，為沒有等來春天的生命默哀，向所有用生命守護(hù)生命的英雄致敬。從最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人到普通民眾，14億中國人民以最深的懷念為犧牲烈士和逝世同胞送行。中國以國家之名和最高儀式祭奠逝者，是國家對人民個體尊嚴(yán)與生命的尊重與敬畏，是14億中國人民集體情感背后的團(tuán)結(jié)和力量。

National tribute to the deceased. On April 4, the Chinese traditional Tomb-sweeping Day, China paid tribute to all those who had given their lives in the fight against Covid-19, and those who had died of the disease. People throughout the country observed a silence to mourn the loss of lives and pay tribute to heroes who had protected others' lives at the cost of their own. From the top leader to ordinary people, 1.4 billion Chinese bade farewell to their dear departed. This solemn national ceremony demonstrates that the country respects and holds in awe the dignity and lives of people as individuals. It signifies the solidarity and strength of 1.4 billion Chinese.

（二）舉全國之力抗擊疫情

2. Mobilizing the Whole Country to Fight the Epidemic

一方有難，八方支援。疫情發(fā)生后，全國上下緊急行動，依托強(qiáng)大綜合國力，開展全方位的人力組織戰(zhàn)、物資保障戰(zhàn)、科技突擊戰(zhàn)、資源運(yùn)動戰(zhàn)，全力支援湖北省和武漢市抗擊疫情，在最短時間集中最大力量阻斷疫情傳播?！爸蟹叫袆铀俣戎?、規(guī)模之大，世所罕見，展現(xiàn)出中國速度、中國規(guī)模、中國效率”。

When a disaster strikes in one location, help comes from all quarters. After the outbreak, the entire country acted promptly. Relying on its overall national strength, China mobilized the people, enhanced R&D, procured supplies, and brought them to those in need rapidly. It mustered the support of the whole country to assist Hubei, and particularly Wuhan, to combat the disease. It pooled all its strength in the shortest period of time, and halted the spread of the epidemic. Hailing the speed and scale of China's response, WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus described it as unprecedented, and said it showed the efficiency and the strength of China's system.

開展新中國成立以來規(guī)模最大的醫(yī)療支援行動。調(diào)動全國醫(yī)療資源和力量，全力支持湖北省和武漢市醫(yī)療救治。自1月24日除夕至3月8日，全國共調(diào)集346支國家醫(yī)療隊、4.26萬名醫(yī)務(wù)人員、900多名公共衛(wèi)生人員馳援湖北。19個省份以對口支援、以省包市的方式支援湖北省除武漢市以外16個地市，各省在發(fā)生疫情、防控救治任務(wù)十分繁重的情況下，集中優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源支援湖北省和武漢市。人民解放軍派出4000多名醫(yī)務(wù)人員支援湖北，承擔(dān)火神山醫(yī)院等3家醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的醫(yī)療救治任務(wù)，空軍出動運(yùn)輸機(jī)緊急運(yùn)送醫(yī)療物資。各醫(yī)療隊從接受指令到組建2小時內(nèi)完成，24小時內(nèi)抵達(dá)，并自帶7天防護(hù)物資，抵達(dá)后迅速開展救治。在全國緊急調(diào)配全自動測溫儀、負(fù)壓救護(hù)車、呼吸機(jī)、心電監(jiān)護(hù)儀等重點(diǎn)醫(yī)療物資支援湖北省和武漢市。從全國調(diào)集4萬名建設(shè)者和幾千臺機(jī)械設(shè)備，僅用10天建成有1000張病床的火神山醫(yī)院，僅用12天建成有1600張病床的雷神山醫(yī)院。短短10多天建成16座方艙醫(yī)院，共有1.4萬余張床位。加強(qiáng)臨床血液供應(yīng)，10個省份無償支援湖北省紅細(xì)胞4.5萬單位，血小板1762個治療量，新鮮冰凍血漿137萬毫升（不含恢復(fù)期血漿）。大規(guī)模、強(qiáng)有力的醫(yī)療支援行動，有力保障了湖北省和武漢市救治，極大緩解了重災(zāi)區(qū)醫(yī)療資源嚴(yán)重不足的壓力。

Launching the largest medical assistance operation since the founding of the PRC. China mobilized all its medical resources to support the efforts in Wuhan and other locations in Hubei. From January 24, Chinese New Year's Eve, to March 8, it rallied 346 national medical teams, consisting of 42,600 medical workers and more than 900 public health professionals to the immediate aid of Hubei and the city of Wuhan. Nineteen provinces and equivalent administrative units assisted 16 other cities in Hubei in the form of paired assistance. While burdened with the heavy responsibility of coronavirus prevention and control and treatment of patients in their home cities, they still pooled together quality medical resources to assist Hubei and Wuhan.

The People's Liberation Army (PLA) dispatched over 4,000 medical personnel to Hubei to work in epidemic control. They took on medical work in three designated medical institutions, including Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan. The PLA Air Force dispatched aircraft to transport emergency medical supplies. Medical teams were formed within two hours of receiving the order, and they arrived at their destinations within 24 hours, carrying a seven-day stock of protective materials. On arrival, they started to treat patients right away.

The government urgently solicited automatic temperature measuring equipment, negative pressure ambulances, ventilators, electrocardiogram monitors, and other key medical supplies from across the country for Wuhan and other locations in Hubei. It mobilized 40,000 construction workers and several thousand sets of machinery and equipment to build two hospitals. The construction of the 1,000-bed Huoshenshan Hospital was completed in just 10 days, and that of the 1,600-bed Leishenshan Hospital in just 12 days. In 10 short days, 16 temporary treatment centers providing over 14,000 beds were built. To increase blood supply for clinical use in surgery, 10 provinces donated to Hubei 45,000 units of red blood cells, 1,762 therapeutic doses of platelets, and 1,370 liters of fresh frozen plasma (not including convalescent plasma). These massive and powerful medical assistance actions have guaranteed Covid-19 treatment in Hubei and Wuhan, greatly relieving the pressure on the hardest-hit areas caused by severe shortages of medical resources.

大力加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療物資生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)和醫(yī)療支持服務(wù)。疫情防控阻擊戰(zhàn)，也是后勤保障戰(zhàn)。疫情初期，武漢市醫(yī)療防護(hù)物資極度短缺，為了節(jié)省防護(hù)用品、爭分奪秒搶救病患，一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員克服困難，最大限度地延長防護(hù)用品使用時間。為盡快解決醫(yī)療資源短缺和病患急劇增多的突出矛盾，中國充分發(fā)揮制造業(yè)門類全、韌性強(qiáng)和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈完整配套的優(yōu)勢，克服春節(jié)假期停工減產(chǎn)等不利因素，開足馬力，深挖潛力，全力保障上下游原料供應(yīng)和物流運(yùn)輸，保證疫情防控物資的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)與配送。醫(yī)療企業(yè)克服工人返崗不足等困難，以最快速度恢復(fù)醫(yī)療用品生產(chǎn)，最大限度擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能。其他行業(yè)企業(yè)迅速調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)，生產(chǎn)口罩、防護(hù)服、消毒液、測溫儀等防疫物資，有效擴(kuò)大了疫情防控物資的生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)?？焖賳臃揽蒯t(yī)療物資應(yīng)急審批程序，全面加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量安全監(jiān)管，確保以最快的速度批準(zhǔn)上市、促產(chǎn)保供，截至5月31日，共應(yīng)急批準(zhǔn)17個藥物和疫苗的19件臨床試驗申請，附條件批準(zhǔn)2個疫情防控用藥上市。在各方共同努力下，醫(yī)用物資產(chǎn)能不斷提升，醫(yī)用物資保供實現(xiàn)從“緊缺”到“緊平衡”“動態(tài)平衡”“動態(tài)足額供應(yīng)”的跨越式提升。2月初，醫(yī)用非N95口罩、醫(yī)用N95口罩日產(chǎn)量分別為586萬只、13萬只，到4月底分別超過2億只、500萬只。暢通供應(yīng)鏈條和物流渠道，建立聯(lián)保聯(lián)供協(xié)作機(jī)制，源源不斷地把全國支援物資運(yùn)送到疫情防控重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。

Increasing the production and supply of medical supplies and medical support services. Victory in the battle against Covid-19 depends on logistical support. In view of the extreme scarcity of medical protective materials in Wuhan during the early stage of the epidemic, medical workers on the front line overcame difficulties and used every item for the longest possible time, so as to conserve them in the race to save lives. To address the shortfall in medical resources while patient numbers surged, China exploited the full strength of its comprehensive and resilient manufacturing sector and its complete industrial chain.

To overcome the unfavorable combination of a pause in work and the resultant decline in manufacturing output during the Chinese New Year holiday, the Chinese government mobilized factories across the country to operate at full capacity and tap into their full potential. With all its strength, it supported raw materials supplies and transport facilities throughout the industrial chain, so as to ensure large-scale production and distribution of materials for epidemic prevention and control. Medical manufacturers overcame such difficulties as labor shortages caused by workers not having returned to their posts. They resumed production as quickly as possible, and expanded capacity to the maximum.

Enterprises in other industries made rapid adjustments to their manufacturing facilities and turned to producing masks, protective suits, disinfectants, temperature measuring devices, and other products for the fight against the epidemic, thereby effectively expanding the overall output of such materials and equipment. The Chinese government quickly started procedures to review applications for producing medical supplies in times of emergency, and imposed stricter quality and safety supervision across the board, so as to facilitate production, ensure the quickest approval for sale, and guarantee supplies.

As of May 31, relevant authorities had approved 19 applications for clinical trials of 17 medicines and vaccines for coronavirus prevention and control, and conditionally approved the applications for sale of two medicines. Thanks to the joint efforts of many parties, manufacturing capacity for medical supplies increased steadily, and efforts to ensure the supply of medical materials and equipment achieved rapid progress: from acute shortage to borderline sufficiency, then from demand-supply balance to timely and sufficient supplies. The daily output of medical N95 masks and medical non-N95 masks increased from 130,000 and 5.86 million in early February to over 5 million and 200 million by the end of April. These efforts opened up unimpeded supply chains and logistics channels, gave birth to a coordination mechanism ensuring material supply, and allowed continuous transport of materials from across the country to the hardest-hit areas.

統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)生活物資保障。離漢通道關(guān)閉后，武漢市近千萬人居家隔離，每天需要消耗大量的糧食、蔬菜、肉蛋奶。加強(qiáng)聯(lián)動協(xié)調(diào)，建立央地協(xié)同、政企聯(lián)動的9省聯(lián)保聯(lián)供協(xié)作和500家應(yīng)急保供企業(yè)調(diào)運(yùn)機(jī)制，加大糧油供應(yīng)力度，投放中央凍豬肉儲備，提升蔬菜大省產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)能力，組織緊急物資運(yùn)輸隊伍，全力保障湖北省特別是武漢市居民生活必需品的生產(chǎn)、庫存、供應(yīng)和價格穩(wěn)定。1月27日至3月19日，全國通過鐵路、公路、水運(yùn)、民航、郵政快遞等運(yùn)輸方式向湖北地區(qū)運(yùn)送防疫物資和生活物資92.88萬噸，運(yùn)送電煤、燃油等生產(chǎn)物資148.7萬噸，煤、電、油、氣、熱等能源供應(yīng)充足，保障了湖北省、武漢市社會正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和隔離措施順利實施。武漢市將生活物資配送納入社區(qū)服務(wù)，打通生活物資配送從商場、超市到小區(qū)的最后環(huán)節(jié)，通過無接觸配送方式將經(jīng)過檢疫、符合防疫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的蔬菜直送社區(qū)，保障了隔離期間居民生活需要和防疫安全。

Coordinating and ensuring the supply of daily necessities. Once outbound traffic from Wuhan had been halted, nearly 10 million people were under home isolation in the city, requiring a huge amount of grain, vegetables, meat, eggs, and milk every day. A coordination mechanism was established to ensure supply of such products, which involved nine provinces, and 500 enterprises for prioritizing the shipment of supplies in times of emergency. The mechanism involved coordination between central and local governments, and joint actions by government and enterprises. It boosted the supply of grain and cooking oil, released central government reserves of frozen pork, and raised the supply capacity of provinces which are major vegetable bases. Transport teams were organized for emergency supplies, and forceful measures were taken to ensure the production, stocks, supply, and price stability of daily necessities for residents in Hubei, and particularly in Wuhan.

From January 27 to March 19, 928,800 tonnes of epidemic prevention and control materials and daily necessities were transported from across the country to Hubei via railway, highway, waterway, civil aviation, and express postal services. Bulk goods such as thermal coal and fuel totaling 1.49 million tonnes were also shipped. Sufficient supplies of coal, electricity, fuel, gas, and heat ensured the normal functioning of society and the smooth implementation of quarantine measures in Hubei and particularly in Wuhan. In Wuhan, delivery of daily necessities was included in community services, thus the last link of daily distribution – from supermarkets to communities – was assured. Through contactless delivery, vegetables that had gone through quarantine and met the standards were delivered directly to communities, meeting residents' needs and ensuring safety in terms of epidemic prevention.

社會力量廣泛參與。工會、共青團(tuán)、婦聯(lián)等人民團(tuán)體和群眾組織，組織動員所聯(lián)系群眾積極投身疫情防控。城鄉(xiāng)居民、企業(yè)、社會組織等紛紛捐款捐物、獻(xiàn)出愛心。各級慈善組織、紅十字會加強(qiáng)捐贈資金和物資的調(diào)配和撥付，將捐贈款物重點(diǎn)投向湖北省和武漢市等疫情嚴(yán)重地區(qū)。截至5月31日，累計接受社會捐贈資金約389.3億元、物資約9.9億件，累計撥付捐款資金約328.3億元、物資約9.4億件。

Public participation in virus control. Trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations, and other mass organizations organized and mobilized their contacts among the general public to get involved in Covid-19 prevention and control. Urban and rural residents, enterprises, and social organizations donated money and materials. Charities and the Red Cross Society of China improved the allocation of donated funds and materials, with a focus on Wuhan and other severely affected areas inside Hubei Province and elsewhere. As of May 31, they had received donations totaling about RMB38.93 billion and 990 million items of different materials. Of these, RMB32.83 billion and 940 million items had been disbursed.

疫情發(fā)生后，港澳臺同胞和海外僑胞通過各種方式和渠道伸出援手，積極捐款和捐贈各類防疫物資，體現(xiàn)了濃濃的同胞親情，體現(xiàn)了海內(nèi)外中華兒女守望相助、共克時艱的凝聚力向心力。

Since the onset of the epidemic, fellow countrymen and women in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese have given a helping hand through various means and channels. They have actively donated money and materials for epidemic prevention and control. This shows how much we Chinese at home and abroad are committed to each other and demonstrates the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation in times of difficulty.

（三）平衡疫情防控與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會民生

3. Coordinating Prevention and Control with Social and Economic Development

在毫不放松加強(qiáng)疫情防控的同時，穩(wěn)妥有序放開經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會活動，做好“六穩(wěn)”工作，落實“六保”任務(wù)，形成同疫情防控相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會運(yùn)行秩序，努力將疫情對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的沖擊和影響降到最低，為抗擊疫情提供有力的物資保障和社會保障。

Without compromising Covid-19 control, China has steadily resumed social and economic activities in an orderly way, so as to stabilize the six fronts (employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations), and guarantee the six priorities (jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government).

It has fostered a social and economic order under the conditions imposed by Covid-19 control and striven to minimize their impact on social and economic development, thus providing a strong material and social buttress for the fight against the epidemic.

保持社會穩(wěn)定、有序運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。著力加強(qiáng)社會安全穩(wěn)定工作，加強(qiáng)社會治安管理，強(qiáng)化防疫物資質(zhì)量和價格監(jiān)管，維護(hù)市場秩序和社會穩(wěn)定。及時出臺受疫情影響困難群眾兜底保障政策，有效保障基本生活。將心理危機(jī)干預(yù)納入疫情防控，妥善處理疫情防控中思想和心理問題，加強(qiáng)思想引導(dǎo)和心理疏導(dǎo)，培育理性平和、積極健康的心態(tài)，及時預(yù)防化解涉疫矛盾糾紛。疫情大考下，在交通管制、全民居家隔離等嚴(yán)格管控措施的情況下，不論是城市還是農(nóng)村，水、電、燃?xì)?、通信不停，生活物資供應(yīng)不斷，社會秩序不亂，食品、藥品、能源、基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)品、基本公共服務(wù)等關(guān)系國計民生的重點(diǎn)行業(yè)有序運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，14億人民的基本民生得到有效保障，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會大局保持了穩(wěn)定有序。

Maintaining social order and stability. China has made every effort to ensure social order and stability, market order, public security, and supervision over the quality and pricing of epidemic-control supplies. It has adopted timely policies to ensure the basic livelihood of people in difficulties caused by Covid-19. Psychological counseling is provided to ease distress, nurture a healthy mindset, prevent and resolve potential problems, and defuse local disputes.

Despite strict measures such as traffic control and home-based quarantine, the economy and society have remained resilient. The supply of water, electricity, natural gas and telecommunication services continues, as does the supply of daily necessities in urban and rural areas. Key sectors providing food, pharmaceuticals, energy, basic industrial products, and public services that are essential to social stability and people's wellbeing are in normal operation, meeting the basic needs of 1.4 billion people.

有序推動復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。密集制定出臺多項政策，為企業(yè)特別是中小企業(yè)和個體工商戶減負(fù)紓困，實施減費(fèi)降稅，增加財政補(bǔ)貼，加大金融支持，減負(fù)穩(wěn)崗擴(kuò)就業(yè)，優(yōu)化政府服務(wù)。各地方及時制定實施細(xì)則，將疫情防控、公共事業(yè)運(yùn)行、群眾生活必需等領(lǐng)域的1萬多家企業(yè)列為重點(diǎn)，通過租用專車、專列、包機(jī)等方式“點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)”“一站式”幫助農(nóng)民工返崗，并從個人防護(hù)物資、人流、物流等方面為企業(yè)復(fù)工提供全方位服務(wù)。針對公共交通運(yùn)輸、餐飲、住宿、旅游、體育、娛樂等受疫情影響較大的行業(yè)，采取免征增值稅等稅收優(yōu)惠政策。階段性減免企業(yè)社保費(fèi)，緩繳住房公積金，免收公路通行費(fèi)，降低企業(yè)用電用氣價格，減輕小微企業(yè)和個體工商戶房租負(fù)擔(dān)。對中小微企業(yè)貸款實施臨時性延期還本付息、新增優(yōu)惠利率貸款。支持大學(xué)生、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)群體創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)，擴(kuò)大中小微企業(yè)穩(wěn)崗返還政策受益面，發(fā)力穩(wěn)就業(yè)，促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。用好用足出口退稅、出口信用保險政策，擴(kuò)大出口信貸投放，開拓多元化市場，加快壓減外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，持續(xù)擴(kuò)大外資市場準(zhǔn)入，為企業(yè)“補(bǔ)血”“減負(fù)”“拓空間”。國有企業(yè)發(fā)揮主力軍作用，帶動上下游產(chǎn)業(yè)和中小企業(yè)全面復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。截至4月底，全國規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)復(fù)工率超過99%，中小微企業(yè)復(fù)工率達(dá)到88.4%，重大項目復(fù)工率超過95%；湖北全省規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)復(fù)工率、員工到崗率分別達(dá)到98.2%、92.1%，整體接近全國平均水平。一批國家重點(diǎn)科技專項、超級民生工程、重大標(biāo)志性外資項目重現(xiàn)往日繁忙景象。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行加快回歸常態(tài)，經(jīng)濟(jì)活力正在快速釋放。

Orderly resumption of work. The central government has quickly adopted a host of policies to reduce the burdens of businesses, particularly small and medium enterprises and self-employed people. These include measures such as reducing fees and lowering taxes, increasing government subsidies, strengthening financial support, stabilizing and expanding employment, and improving government services.

Local governments have issued detailed rules to implement these policies, especially to help the 10,000 plus key enterprises essential to Covid-19 control, public services, and daily necessities. Comprehensive services are being provided to help enterprises to resume operation, including providing personal protective gear and facilitating the flow of labor and materials. Point-to-point buses, trains and planes were chartered to send migrant workers back to their work posts. Preferential tax treatments such as exemption from value-added tax are available to businesses in transport, catering, hospitality, tourism, sport, entertainment and other sectors hit hard by the epidemic. Businesses also enjoy a temporary reduction in or exemption from social security contributions, a waiver of highway tolls, and reduced electricity and gas prices, and they are allowed to postpone their housing provident fund payments. Rent is being reduced for small and micro enterprises and the self-employed. The principal and interest repayment periods on loans to micro, small and medium enterprises are being extended, and more concessional loans are being provided.

Key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers are receiving support in finding jobs or starting businesses. Subsidies given to micro, small and medium enterprises to reduce layoffs are being extended to more businesses so as to stabilize employment and help them survive.

Policies on export tax rebates and export credit insurance are being put to good use, export credits expanded and new export markets explored. The negative list of market access for foreign investment has been cut to attract foreign investment. All these efforts will cut burdens on enterprises and stimulate their growth.

State-owned enterprises have taken the lead in resuming operations, providing impetus for upstream and downstream industries, including small and medium enterprises. By the end of April, 99 percent of companies of designated size – with a revenue of more than RMB20 million per annum – had resumed operations, as had 88.4 percent of micro, small and medium enterprises. Construction of over 95 percent of major projects across the country had resumed. In Hubei Province, more than 98.2 percent of enterprises of designated size had resumed operations, and 92.1 percent of their employees had returned to their jobs, and both these figures were close to the national average. Now, work on some key national science and technology projects, major national projects related to people's daily lives, and landmark foreign-funded projects has resumed. The Chinese economy is accelerating its return to normal operation, and it is becoming increasingly robust.

公眾生活逐步恢復(fù)。隨著疫情防控形勢積極向好，公眾日常生活逐步恢復(fù)。公共交通全面恢復(fù)運(yùn)行，餐飲門店有序開放堂食?！拔逡弧奔倨谥匦戮`放活力，全國鐵路、道路、水路、民航累計發(fā)送旅客1.21億人次，全國累計接待國內(nèi)游客1.15億人次，實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)旅游收入475.6億元，經(jīng)受住了疫情和假期的雙重考驗。在落實防控措施前提下，全面開放商場、超市、賓館、餐館等生活場所。全國分批分次復(fù)學(xué)復(fù)課，截至5月31日，各?。ㄗ灾螀^(qū)、直轄市）和新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)中小學(xué)部分學(xué)段均已開學(xué)，共有1.63億學(xué)生（含幼兒園）返校。中國社會正在恢復(fù)往常熱鬧景象，人氣日益回暖，消費(fèi)逐步復(fù)蘇。

Gradual return to normal life. With steady progress made in Covid-19 control, public life is gradually returning to normal. Public transport services have fully resumed. More restaurants are reopening to the public. The May Day holiday in China saw a bustle of activity. During the five-day holiday, 121 million trips were made via railways, highways, waterways and air; and 115 million visits were paid to domestic tourist attractions, generating revenue of RMB47.56 billion.

Services such as shops, supermarkets, hotels, and restaurants have reopened their doors under Covid-19 control conditions. Students across the country have resumed their studies, and some have now returned to school. As of May 31, 163 million students and children in some grades of kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools across the country had returned to school or kindergarten. Public life is returning to normal in China, with people resuming their daily routines and consumption gradually picking up.

（四）14億中國人民堅韌奉獻(xiàn)守望相助

4. Uniting as One – China's Billion People

國家興亡，匹夫有責(zé)。14億中國人民，不分男女老幼，不論崗位分工，都自覺投入抗擊疫情的人民戰(zhàn)爭，堅韌團(tuán)結(jié)、和衷共濟(jì)，凝聚起抗擊疫情的磅礴力量。14億中國人民都是抗擊疫情的偉大戰(zhàn)士。

All citizens share a responsibility for the fate of their country. The 1.4 billion Chinese people, irrespective of their gender, age, and occupation, have plunged themselves into the battle against the epidemic. Resilient and united, they represent a formidable force.

醫(yī)務(wù)工作者白衣執(zhí)甲、逆行出征。從年逾古稀的院士專家，到90后、00后的年輕醫(yī)護(hù)人員，面對疫情義無反顧、堅定前行。54萬名湖北省和武漢市醫(yī)務(wù)人員沖鋒在前，4萬多名軍地醫(yī)務(wù)人員第一時間馳援湖北省和武漢市，數(shù)百萬名醫(yī)務(wù)人員戰(zhàn)斗在全國抗疫一線。他們以對人民的赤誠和對生命的敬佑，爭分奪秒、舍生忘死、連續(xù)作戰(zhàn)，挽救了一個又一個垂危生命，用血肉之軀構(gòu)筑起阻擊病毒的鋼鐵長城，為病毒肆虐的漫漫黑夜帶來了光明，守護(hù)了國家和民族生生不息的希望。他們與病毒直面戰(zhàn)斗，承受難以想象的身體和心理壓力，付出巨大犧牲，2000多人確診感染，幾十人以身殉職。沒有人生而英勇，只是選擇了無畏。中國醫(yī)生的醫(yī)者仁心和大愛無疆，永遠(yuǎn)銘刻在中華民族歷史上，永遠(yuǎn)銘刻在中國人民心中。

Medical workers rose to the challenge. Medical workers, from the very young to the very old, showed no hesitation in confronting the epidemic. At the outset, some 540,000 medical workers from Wuhan and other parts of Hubei plunged into the fray, joined soon by more than 40,000 civilian and military medical workers who rushed from other parts of the country. Millions of medical workers grappled with the epidemic at the front line across the country. Showing professional devotion and a deep respect for life, many of them risked their own lives, racing against time and working round the clock to try to save every patient. They built a Great Wall against the virus, bringing light and hope to the nation at a dark time. They endured tremendous fatigue and stress, and paid a heavy price. More than 2,000 medical workers were infected, and scores died in the line of duty. No one is born a hero, yet their selflessness made them fearless. These people, with the nobility, kindness, and devotion that are intrinsic to their profession, have etched an unforgettable chapter in the history of the Chinese nation and in the hearts of the Chinese people.

武漢人民和湖北人民顧全大局、頑強(qiáng)不屈，為阻擊病毒作出巨大犧牲。武漢人民、湖北人民面對離漢離鄂通道關(guān)閉后與外隔絕、交通停滯、城市“停擺”，克服了近距離接觸病毒、醫(yī)療資源和生活物資緊張以及長時間隔離帶來的困難，忍住失去至愛親朋的痛苦，服從大局，咬緊牙關(guān)，團(tuán)結(jié)堅守。在偉大的抗疫戰(zhàn)爭中，英雄的武漢人民、湖北人民將載入史冊為人們所銘記。

People in Wuhan and other parts of Hubei fought with resolve against the novel coronavirus and made sacrifices to contain its spread. The people of Wuhan and Hubei were confronted with many challenges. All channels of exit from the city and the province were temporarily closed, intra-city public transport was suspended, and the capital city came to a standstill. The high risk of infection, tight supply of medical and daily necessities, and extended period of isolation were compounded by the trauma of bereavement for those who lost friends or family members to the virus. However, with grit in their hearts and the wider interests of others in their minds, they united to stop the transmission of the virus. In this great war, their heroism will be remembered and will go down in history.

社區(qū)工作者、公安民警、海關(guān)關(guān)員、基層干部、下沉干部不辭辛苦、日夜值守，為保護(hù)人民生命安全犧牲奉獻(xiàn)。400萬名社區(qū)工作者奮戰(zhàn)在全國65萬個城鄉(xiāng)社區(qū)中，監(jiān)測疫情、測量體溫、排查人員、站崗值守、宣傳政策、防疫消殺，認(rèn)真細(xì)致，盡職盡責(zé)，守好疫情防控“第一關(guān)口”。公安民警及輔警駐守醫(yī)院、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)病人、街道巡邏、維護(hù)秩序，面對急難險重任務(wù)勇挑重?fù)?dān)，130多人犧牲在工作崗位。海關(guān)關(guān)員依法履行衛(wèi)生檢疫職責(zé)，筑牢口岸檢疫防線。社區(qū)防控一線廣大黨員、干部及時將黨和政府的聲音傳導(dǎo)到基層，組織動員群眾做好防控，積極為群眾排憂解難，抓實抓細(xì)網(wǎng)格服務(wù)管理。

Community workers, primary and community-level officials, officials sent to work in communities, police, and customs officers worked day and night to protect lives and public safety. Some 4 million community workers are working in around 650,000 urban and rural communities, monitoring the situation, taking body temperatures, screening for infection, disseminating government policies, and sanitizing neighborhoods. Dedicated and responsible, they have meticulously protected their communities from the virus. CPC members working in communities quickly communicated the policies of the Party and the government, mobilized residents to engage in epidemic prevention and control, and actively helped them solve their daily difficulties. They divided communities into sub-units called grids to improve services and management.

Police and auxiliary police officers handled emergent, dangerous, difficult, and burdensome tasks such as guarding hospitals, transporting patients, and patrolling the streets to maintain order. More than 130 have died in the line of duty.

Customs officers have applied the law and carried out quarantine and other health-related duties, preventing the virus from entering the country.

快遞小哥、環(huán)衛(wèi)工人、道路運(yùn)輸從業(yè)人員、新聞工作者、志愿者等各行各業(yè)工作者不懼風(fēng)雨、敬業(yè)堅守。疫情期間，千家萬戶關(guān)門閉戶，數(shù)百萬快遞員頂風(fēng)冒雪、冒疫前行，在城市鄉(xiāng)村奔波，給人們送來溫暖。全國180萬環(huán)衛(wèi)工人起早貪黑、不辭辛勞，高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做好衛(wèi)生清掃、消毒殺菌、醫(yī)療廢物集中處理、垃圾清理清運(yùn)。數(shù)千萬道路運(yùn)輸從業(yè)人員堅守崗位，許多城市出租車司機(jī)沒有停工，有力保障疫情防控、生產(chǎn)生活物資運(yùn)輸和復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。新聞工作者不懼風(fēng)險、深入一線，記錄中國抗疫的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴，傳遞中國人民抗擊疫情的溫情和力量。許多普通人投入一線志愿服務(wù)，社區(qū)值守、排查患者、清潔消殺、買藥送菜，緩解居民燃眉之急。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，截至5月31日，全國參與疫情防控的注冊志愿者達(dá)到881萬人，志愿服務(wù)項目超過46萬個，記錄志愿服務(wù)時間超過2.9億小時。

Couriers, sanitation workers, transport employees, media workers, volunteers, and many people from other sectors of society also devoted themselves to the fight against the epidemic. When things were at their most serious, while people kept their doors closed, millions of couriers braved the virus and the cold, delivering warmth and comfort to people in cities and rural areas.

China's 1.8 million sanitation workers worked from dawn to dusk to clean and disinfect public spaces, and collect and transport medical and other wastes to centralized treatment facilities.

Tens of millions of transport employees, including taxi drivers in many cities, remained at their posts, providing a vital support to epidemic prevention and control, carrying supplies for work and daily life, and helping to get the country back to work.

Some media workers also worked at the front line, recording the battle against the epidemic, spreading warmth, and evoking strength.

Many ordinary people volunteered at the front line, standing guard in communities, screening for infection, carrying out cleaning and disinfection work, and buying medicines and delivering groceries for other residents' pressing needs. Preliminary statistics show that as of May 31, 8.81 million registered volunteers across the country had participated in more than 460,000 volunteer projects, rendering a total of more than 290 million hours of voluntary service.

廣大民眾扛起責(zé)任、眾志成城，自覺參與抗擊疫情。危難面前，中國人民對中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府高度信任，勇敢承擔(dān)起社會責(zé)任，為取得抗疫勝利約束自我乃至犧牲自我。疫情暴發(fā)正值春節(jié)假期，國家一聲令下，全民響應(yīng)，一致行動，整個社會緊急停下腳步。人們?nèi)∠舜汗?jié)期間的走親訪友和各種聚會，克服困難就地隔離，外出自覺佩戴口罩、測量體溫、保持社交距離。保護(hù)自己就是保護(hù)別人、就是為國家作貢獻(xiàn)成為社會共識和每個人的自覺行動。人們長時間在家隔離，上網(wǎng)課、學(xué)美食、陪家人，用各種方式緩解壓力，以積極樂觀的態(tài)度抗擊疫情。“所有好的做法如果想要奏效，必須要有公眾的集體意愿。正因如此，中國有能力通過傳統(tǒng)公共衛(wèi)生干預(yù)方法應(yīng)對一種新型的未知病毒”。

The general public shouldered their responsibilities, united as one, and proactively participated in epidemic prevention and control. In the face of adversity, Chinese people have great faith in the Party and the government. They courageously shouldered their social responsibilities, and on this occasion made great sacrifices to win the battle against the epidemic.

The Chinese New Year holiday arrived amid the epidemic. Following government orders to contain the virus, the whole population acted in concert, and social exchanges shrank to a minimum. Visits to friends and relatives were canceled and so were other gatherings; people quarantined themselves, wore masks, began to take their body temperature regularly, and practiced other social distancing measures. The consensus was that protecting oneself was protecting others and making contribution to the country, so everyone took voluntary actions against the virus. People stayed at home for extended periods of time, taking online courses, honing culinary skills, and spending time with their families. Many found creative ways to keep themselves occupied, and confronted the epidemic with a positive attitude.

Speaking of the general public in China, Dr. Bruce Aylward, former assistant director general of the WHO and senior advisor to WHO director general, said at the press conference of WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held on February 24 in Beijing, "And that's because we want to emphasize this can't work without the collective will of the population contributing to it. And that's what really distinguishes this country, this response and the ability to take these old-fashioned strategies, some of the earliest ones we had in public health, apply them to the most modern virus and somehow do that."

重大危機(jī)是考驗執(zhí)政黨執(zhí)政理念、執(zhí)政效能的試金石。中國在較短時間內(nèi)遏制疫情蔓延，根本在于中國共產(chǎn)黨的堅強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。中國共產(chǎn)黨有堅強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心，有以人民為中心的執(zhí)政理念，面對疫情危機(jī)，迅速科學(xué)作出決策，實行高效有力的危機(jī)應(yīng)對。中國共產(chǎn)黨嚴(yán)密的組織體系和高效的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，在短時間內(nèi)建立橫向到邊、縱向到底的危機(jī)應(yīng)對機(jī)制，有效調(diào)動各方積極性，全國上下令行禁止、統(tǒng)一行動。中國共產(chǎn)黨460多萬個基層組織，廣泛動員群眾、組織群眾、凝聚群眾、服務(wù)群眾，筑起一座座抗擊疫情的堅強(qiáng)堡壘。在疫情危及人民生命安全的危難關(guān)頭，共產(chǎn)黨員沖在最前面，全國3900多萬名黨員、干部戰(zhàn)斗在抗疫一線，1300多萬名黨員參加志愿服務(wù)，近400名黨員、干部為保衛(wèi)人民生命安全獻(xiàn)出了寶貴生命。廣大黨員自覺捐款，為疫情防控斗爭真情奉獻(xiàn)。注重在疫情考驗中錘煉黨員干部，檢驗為民初心和責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，對湖北省委和武漢市委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子作出調(diào)整補(bǔ)充，對不擔(dān)當(dāng)、不作為、失職瀆職的黨員干部嚴(yán)肅問責(zé)，對敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的黨員干部大力褒獎、大膽使用，立起了鮮明導(dǎo)向。歷經(jīng)疫情磨礪，中國人民更加深切地認(rèn)識到，風(fēng)雨來襲，中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是最重要的保障、最可靠的依托，對中國共產(chǎn)黨更加擁護(hù)和信賴，對中國制度更加充滿信心。

A major crisis is a litmus test of the ruling Party's governance philosophy and effectiveness. The strong leadership of the CPC has been fundamental to China's rapid containment of the virus. The CPC has a strong leadership core, a people-oriented governance philosophy, and well-established organization and operation mechanisms. It quickly made the right decisions in response to the crisis. Under its leadership, efficient and powerful response measures were implemented. Within a short time, across-the-board crisis-response mechanisms were established down to the community level, motivating all those involved across the country to follow instructions and act as one.

The CPC has more than 4.6 million primary-level organizations, which have served as strongholds against the epidemic, rallying and serving the general public. With the epidemic putting people's lives and safety in danger, CPC members have acted as the vanguard. More than 39 million CPC members fought the virus at the front line, and more than 13 million CPC members volunteered their services. Nearly 400 CPC members have defended others' lives and safety at the cost of their own. Party members have also voluntarily donated money for epidemic prevention and control.

The CPC attaches great importance to tempering its members in times of trial, to gauge their commitment to serving the people and their sense of responsibility. The leadership of Wuhan City and Hubei Province was reshuffled, with some officials sanctioned for irresponsibility and dereliction of duty while others have been honored and promoted for their dedication and sense of responsibility.

After weathering the epidemic, the Chinese people have keenly realized that the CPC leadership is the most reliable shelter against storms. Their trust in and support for the Party have increased, along with their confidence in China's political system.

四、共同構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體

IV. Building a Global Community of Health for All

當(dāng)前，新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球肆虐，每天都有許多生命逝去。面對嚴(yán)重危機(jī)，人類又一次站在了何去何從的十字路口。堅持科學(xué)理性還是制造政治分歧？加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)合作還是尋求脫鉤孤立？推進(jìn)多邊協(xié)調(diào)還是奉行單邊主義？迫切需要各個國家作出回答。中國主張，各國應(yīng)為全人類前途命運(yùn)和子孫后代福祉作出正確選擇，秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，齊心協(xié)力、守望相助、攜手應(yīng)對，堅決遏制疫情蔓延勢頭，打贏疫情防控全球阻擊戰(zhàn)，護(hù)佑世界和人民康寧。

Coronavirus is raging all over the world, and lives are being lost every day. In the face of this serious crisis humanity once again stands at a crossroads. Which route shall we take? Shall we uphold science and rationality, or shall we manufacture political disputes? Strengthen unity and cooperation, or seek isolation? Promote multilateral coordination, or pursue unilateralism? Every country has a choice to make. China believes that all countries should make the choice that is right for the interests of all humanity and the wellbeing of our future generations. Upholding the vision of a global community of shared future, we should support each other and join hands to contain the spread of the virus, and protect the health and wellbeing of people across the globe.

（一）中國感謝和銘記國際社會寶貴支持和幫助

1. China Appreciates Support from the International Community

在中國疫情防控形勢最艱難的時候，國際社會給予了中國和中國人民寶貴的支持和幫助。全球170多個國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、50個國際和地區(qū)組織負(fù)責(zé)人以及300多個外國政黨和政治組織向中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來函致電、發(fā)表聲明表示慰問支持。77個國家和12個國際組織為中國人民抗疫斗爭提供捐贈，包括醫(yī)用口罩、防護(hù)服、護(hù)目鏡、呼吸機(jī)等急用醫(yī)療物資和設(shè)備。84個國家的地方政府、企業(yè)、民間機(jī)構(gòu)、人士向中國提供了物資捐贈。金磚國家新開發(fā)銀行、亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行分別向中國提供70億、24.85億元人民幣的緊急貸款，世界銀行、亞洲開發(fā)銀行向中國提供國家公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急管理體系建設(shè)等貸款支持。中國感謝國際社會給予的寶貴理解和支持，中國人民永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。中華民族是懂得感恩、投桃報李的民族，中國始終在力所能及的范圍內(nèi)為國際社會抗擊疫情提供支持。

At the time when the situation in China was at its most difficult, the international community provided valuable support and assistance to our country and our people. Leaders of more than 170 countries, heads of 50 international and regional organizations, and more than 300 foreign political parties and organizations expressed solidarity and support for China through phone calls, letters, and statements. Seventy-seven countries and 12 international organizations donated emergency medical supplies, including masks, protective suits, goggles, and ventilators. Donations of materials were also made by local governments, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and people from 84 countries. The BRICS New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank provided emergency loans of RMB7 billion and RMB2.485 billion, while the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank offered loans for the building of China's public health emergency management system. China appreciates the understanding and support of the international community, which our people will always cherish. The Chinese nation never forgets the help and generosity it receives, and always reciprocates with the same goodwill. We are now doing all we can to support the international community in the fight against the coronavirus.

（二）中國積極開展國際交流合作

2. China Conducts Active International Exchanges and Cooperation

疫情發(fā)生以來，中國始終同國際社會開展交流合作，加強(qiáng)高層溝通，分享疫情信息，開展科研合作，力所能及為國際組織和其他國家提供援助，為全球抗疫貢獻(xiàn)中國智慧、中國力量。中國共產(chǎn)黨同110多個國家的240個政黨發(fā)出共同呼吁，呼吁各方以人類安全健康為重，秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，攜手加強(qiáng)國際抗疫合作。

China has been carrying out exchanges and cooperation with the international community from the outset. It has strengthened high-level communication, shared information, and cooperated in scientific research with international organizations and other countries, and done all it can to provide assistance, contributing ingenuity and strength to the global fight against the coronavirus. The CPC has issued a joint appeal with 240 political parties in more than 110 countries, calling on all stakeholders to put people's lives and health first, uphold the vision of a global community of shared future, and pull together to combat the virus.

習(xí)近平主席親自推動開展國際合作。疫情發(fā)生以來，習(xí)近平主席同近50位外國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和國際組織負(fù)責(zé)人通話或見面，介紹中國抗疫努力和成效，闡明中國始終本著公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度，及時發(fā)布疫情信息，分享防控和救治經(jīng)驗，闡明中國對其他國家遭受的疫情和困難感同身受，積極提供力所能及的幫助，呼吁各方樹立人類命運(yùn)共同體意識，加強(qiáng)雙多邊合作，支持國際組織發(fā)揮作用，攜手應(yīng)對疫情挑戰(zhàn)。習(xí)近平主席出席二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人特別峰會并發(fā)表講話，介紹中國抗疫經(jīng)驗，提出堅決打好新冠肺炎疫情防控全球阻擊戰(zhàn)、有效開展國際聯(lián)防聯(lián)控、積極支持國際組織發(fā)揮作用、加強(qiáng)國際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)等4點(diǎn)主張和系列合作倡議，呼吁國際社會直面挑戰(zhàn)、迅速行動。5月18日，習(xí)近平主席在第73屆世界衛(wèi)生大會視頻會議開幕式上發(fā)表致辭，呼吁各國團(tuán)結(jié)合作戰(zhàn)勝疫情，共同構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體，提出全力搞好疫情防控、發(fā)揮世界衛(wèi)生組織作用、加大對非洲國家支持、加強(qiáng)全球公共衛(wèi)生治理、恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展、加強(qiáng)國際合作等6點(diǎn)建議，并宣布兩年內(nèi)提供20億美元國際援助、與聯(lián)合國合作在華設(shè)立全球人道主義應(yīng)急倉庫和樞紐、建立30個中非對口醫(yī)院合作機(jī)制、中國新冠疫苗研發(fā)完成并投入使用后將作為全球公共產(chǎn)品、同二十國集團(tuán)成員一道落實“暫緩最貧困國家債務(wù)償付倡議”等中國支持全球抗疫的一系列重大舉措。

President Xi has personally promoted international cooperation. In phone calls or meetings with nearly 50 foreign leaders and heads of international organizations, President Xi explained China's tactics and achievements in fighting the virus, and emphasized China's open, transparent and responsible approach towards releasing information and sharing its experience in virus control and the treatment of infected cases. He expressed empathy for the difficulties faced by other countries, saying that China would do all it can to help them. He called on all parties to build a global community of shared future, strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and support international organizations in order to work together to meet the challenge.

President Xi delivered a speech at the G20 Extraordinary Leaders' Summit on Covid-19 on China's experience. In a call on the international community to rise to the challenge and act swiftly, he put forward a series of cooperation initiatives and four key proposals – launch an all-out global war against Covid-19, establish a collective response for control and treatment at the international level, support international organizations in playing their roles, and strengthen coordination of international macroeconomic policies.

On May 18, he addressed the opening of the 73rd World Health Assembly, calling for a joint effort on the part of all countries to overcome the virus and build a global community of health for all. Six proposals were put forward: to do everything we can for Covid-19 control and treatment, to support the WHO in leading the global response, to provide greater support for Africa, to strengthen global governance in public health, to restore economic and social development, and to strengthen international cooperation. He also announced a series of major measures that China would take in supporting the global fight, including US$2 billion of international aid over two years, the establishment of a global humanitarian response depot and hub in China in cooperation with the United Nations, the establishment of a cooperation mechanism for Chinese hospitals to pair up with 30 African hospitals, the Covid-19 vaccine to be used as a global public product once it is developed and deployed in China, and the implementation of the Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the poorest countries together with other G20 members.

同國際社會分享疫情信息和抗疫經(jīng)驗。中國及時向國際社會通報疫情信息，交流防控經(jīng)驗，為全球防疫提供了基礎(chǔ)性支持。疫情發(fā)生后，中國第一時間向世界衛(wèi)生組織、有關(guān)國家和地區(qū)組織主動通報疫情信息，分享新冠病毒全基因組序列信息和新冠病毒核酸檢測引物探針序列信息，定期向世界衛(wèi)生組織和有關(guān)國家通報疫情信息。中國與東盟、歐盟、非盟、亞太經(jīng)合組織、加共體、上海合作組織等國際和地區(qū)組織，以及韓國、日本、俄羅斯、美國、德國等國家，開展70多次疫情防控交流活動。國家衛(wèi)生健康委匯編診療和防控方案并翻譯成3個語種，分享給全球180多個國家、10多個國際和地區(qū)組織參照使用，并與世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合舉辦“新冠肺炎防治中國經(jīng)驗國際通報會”。國務(wù)院新聞辦公室在武漢舉行兩場英文專題發(fā)布會，邀請相關(guān)專家和一線醫(yī)護(hù)人員介紹中國抗疫經(jīng)驗和做法。中國媒體開設(shè)“全球疫情會診室”“全球抗疫中國方案”等欄目，為各國開展交流搭建平臺。中國智庫和專家通過多種方式開展對外交流。中國－世界衛(wèi)生組織聯(lián)合專家考察組實地考察調(diào)研北京、成都、廣州、深圳和武漢等地一線疫情防控工作，高度評價中國抗疫的努力和成效。

China has shared information and experience with the international community. China has provided support for global virus prevention and control by promptly sharing information and experience with the international community. It wasted no time in releasing information such as the whole coronavirus genome sequence and the specific primers and probes for detecting the coronavirus to the WHO and other relevant countries and regional organizations, and has kept them informed with regular updates. China has conducted more than 70 exchanges with international and regional organizations including ASEAN, the European Union, the African Union (AU), APEC, the Caribbean Community, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as well as the ROK, Japan, Russia, the United States, Germany, and other countries. The National Health Commission (NHC) has worked out diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control solutions, had them translated into three languages, and shared them with over 180 countries and more than 10 international and regional organizations. Together with the WHO it held an international briefing via video link on China's experience in Covid-19 control. The Information Office of the State Council held two special English-language press conferences in Wuhan, inviting experts and frontline health workers to talk about China's experience and practices. To build platforms for exchanges between countries, the Chinese media has designed a TV program Covid-19 Frontline and a newspaper column Fighting Covid-19 the Chinese Way, among others. Chinese think tanks and experts have communicated with their counterparts around the world in a variety of ways. The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 made site visits to Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Wuhan, and spoke highly of China's efforts and success in prevention and control.

向國際社會提供人道主義援助。在自身疫情防控仍然面臨巨大壓力的情況下，中國迅速展開行動，力所能及地為國際社會提供援助。向世界衛(wèi)生組織提供兩批共5000萬美元現(xiàn)匯援助，積極協(xié)助世界衛(wèi)生組織在華采購個人防護(hù)用品和建立物資儲備庫，積極協(xié)助世界衛(wèi)生組織“團(tuán)結(jié)應(yīng)對基金”在中國籌資，參與世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)起的“全球合作加速開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)、公平獲取新冠肺炎防控新工具”倡議。積極開展對外醫(yī)療援助，截至5月31日，中國共向27個國家派出29支醫(yī)療專家組，已經(jīng)或正在向150個國家和4個國際組織提供抗疫援助；指導(dǎo)長期派駐在56個國家的援外醫(yī)療隊協(xié)助駐在國開展疫情防控工作，向駐在國民眾和華僑華人提供技術(shù)咨詢和健康教育，舉辦線上線下培訓(xùn)400余場；地方政府、企業(yè)和民間機(jī)構(gòu)、個人通過各種渠道，向150多個國家、地區(qū)和國際組織捐贈抗疫物資。中國政府始終關(guān)心在華外國人士的生命安全和身體健康，對于感染新冠肺炎的外國人士一視同仁及時進(jìn)行救治。

China has provided humanitarian assistance to the international community. Even while under the tremendous pressure of coronavirus control, China has moved quickly to provide as much assistance to the international community as it can. It has provided two batches of cash support totaling US$50 million to the WHO, assisted the organization in purchasing personal protective equipment and establishing reserve centers of supplies in China, and helped its Covid-19 Solidarity Response Fund to raise funds in China. It has also participated in the WHO's "Access to Covid-19 Tools (act) Accelerator" initiative, aiming to speed up the development, production and equitable distribution of new tools.

China has been active in providing medical aid to other countries. As of May 31, China had sent 29 medical expert teams to 27 countries, and offered assistance to 150 countries and 4 international organizations. It has instructed its medical teams stationed in 56 countries to support the local fight, and provide counseling and health information to local people and overseas Chinese. They have so far organized over 400 online and offline training sessions in this regard. Local governments, enterprises, non-governmental organizations and individuals in China have donated materials to more than 150 countries and regions, and international organizations through various channels. The Chinese government has always had at heart the lives and health of foreigners in China, and it has provided undifferentiated and timely treatment to those infected with the disease.

有序開展防疫物資出口。中國在滿足國內(nèi)疫情防控需要的基礎(chǔ)上，想方設(shè)法為各國采購防疫物資提供力所能及的支持和便利，打通需求對接、貨源組織、物流運(yùn)輸、出口通關(guān)等方面堵點(diǎn)，暢通出口環(huán)節(jié)，有序開展防疫物資出口。采取有力措施嚴(yán)控質(zhì)量、規(guī)范秩序，發(fā)布防疫用品國外市場準(zhǔn)入信息指南，加強(qiáng)防疫物資市場和出口質(zhì)量監(jiān)管，保質(zhì)保量向國際社會提供抗擊疫情急需的防疫物資。3月1日至5月31日，中國向200個國家和地區(qū)出口防疫物資，其中，口罩706億只，防護(hù)服3.4億套，護(hù)目鏡1.15億個，呼吸機(jī)9.67萬臺，檢測試劑盒2.25億人份，紅外線測溫儀4029萬臺，出口規(guī)模呈明顯增長態(tài)勢，有力支持了相關(guān)國家疫情防控。1月至4月，中歐班列開行數(shù)量和發(fā)送貨物量同比分別增長24%和27%，累計運(yùn)送抗疫物資66萬件，為維持國際產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈暢通、保障抗疫物資運(yùn)輸發(fā)揮了重要作用。

China has made arrangements for orderly exports of protective materials. While ensuring domestic needs, China has tried every possible means to provide support to all countries in purchasing protective materials. It has smoothed the channels for supply-demand docking, organized logistics, transport, and the supply of goods, and accelerated export customs clearance. It has taken effective measures to control product quality, regulate export procedures, issue guidelines on foreign market access, and strengthen market and export quality supervision, so as to provide other countries with goods of the highest quality. From March 1 to May 31, China exported protective materials to 200 countries and regions, among which there were more than 70.6 billion masks, 340 million protective suits, 115 million pairs of goggles, 96,700 ventilators, 225 million test kits, and 40.29 million infrared thermometers.

China's growing exports provide strong support for the prevention and control efforts of affected countries. From January to April, the number of China-Europe freight trains and the volume of goods delivered increased by 24 percent and 27 percent compared with the same period last year, and a total of 660,000 packages were transported. This has played an important role in maintaining a smooth flow of international industrial and supply chains, and in ensuring the delivery of protective supplies to relevant countries.

開展國際科研交流合作。加強(qiáng)同世界衛(wèi)生組織溝通交流，同有關(guān)國家在溯源、藥物、疫苗、檢測等方面開展科研交流與合作，共享科研數(shù)據(jù)信息，共同研究防控和救治策略?？萍疾俊倚l(wèi)生健康委、中國科協(xié)、中華醫(yī)學(xué)會聯(lián)合搭建“新型冠狀病毒肺炎科研成果學(xué)術(shù)交流平臺”，供全球科研人員發(fā)布成果、參與研討，截至5月31日，共上線104種期刊、970篇論文和報告。國家中醫(yī)藥管理局聯(lián)合上合組織睦鄰友好合作委員會召開“中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合專家組同上海合作組織國家醫(yī)院新冠肺炎視頻診斷會議”，指導(dǎo)世界中醫(yī)藥學(xué)會聯(lián)合會和世界針灸學(xué)會聯(lián)合會開展“中醫(yī)藥抗疫全球直播”“國際抗疫專家大講堂”等活動。中國科學(xué)院發(fā)布“2019新型冠狀病毒資源庫”，建成“新型冠狀病毒國家科技資源服務(wù)系統(tǒng)”“新型冠狀病毒肺炎科研文獻(xiàn)共享平臺”，截至5月31日，3個平臺為全球超過37萬用戶提供近4800萬次下載、瀏覽和檢索服務(wù)。建立國際合作專家?guī)?，同有關(guān)國家開展疫苗研發(fā)、藥品研發(fā)等合作。充分發(fā)揮“一帶一路”國際科學(xué)組織聯(lián)盟作用，推動成員之間就新冠病毒研究和新冠肺炎治療開展科技合作。中國醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)、疾控機(jī)構(gòu)和科學(xué)家在《柳葉刀》《科學(xué)》《自然》《新英格蘭醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》等國際知名學(xué)術(shù)期刊上發(fā)表數(shù)十篇高水平論文，及時發(fā)布新冠肺炎首批患者臨床特征描述、人際傳播風(fēng)險、方艙醫(yī)院經(jīng)驗、藥物研發(fā)進(jìn)展、疫苗動物實驗結(jié)果等研究成果。同有關(guān)國家、世界衛(wèi)生組織以及流行病防范創(chuàng)新聯(lián)盟（CEPI）、全球疫苗免疫聯(lián)盟（GAVI）等開展科研合作，加快推進(jìn)疫苗研發(fā)和藥物臨床試驗。

China has carried out international exchanges and cooperation on scientific research. China has strengthened communication and exchanges with the WHO, conducted exchanges and cooperation with other countries on research in virus traceability, medicines, vaccines, and testing, shared scientific research data and information, and jointly studied prevention, control and treatment strategies. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the NHC, the China Association for Science and Technology, and the Chinese Medical Association have jointly put in place a Covid-19 Academic Research Communication Platform for worldwide researchers to release results and participate in discussion. By May 31, a total of 104 journals and 970 papers and reports had been posted. The National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the SCO Committee on Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation held a video conference on the diagnosis and treatment of Covid-19 between a group of Chinese experts on integrating traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and hospitals from SCO countries. It also guided the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies and the World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies in organizing such events as Expert Dialogue on Covid-19 Prevention and Control with Traditional Chinese Medicine and International Lectures on Covid-19.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences has released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource database, and built the Novel Coronavirus National Science and Technology Resource Service System and the Covid-19 Pneumonia Scientific Literature Sharing Platform. As of May 31, the three platforms had provided nearly 48 million download, browsing and retrieval services to more than 370,000 users worldwide. China has established an international pool of experts and has cooperated with other countries in vaccine and medicine research and development. It has encouraged the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative to promote cooperation among its members in Covid-19 treatment and research. Chinese scientists, medical institutions, and disease control centers have published dozens of well-researched papers in some of the world's leading academic journals such as The Lancet, Science, Nature and The New England Journal of Medicine, releasing timely results of tests on the first patients, including the clinical characteristics of the virus, the risk of human-to-human transmission, China's experience of temporary treatment centers, medicine research and development, and experimental results of vaccines on animals. To accelerate the development of vaccines and the clinical trials of medicines, China has also carried out cooperation in scientific research with other countries, and with such organizations as the WHO, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation.

（三）國際社會團(tuán)結(jié)合作共同抗疫

3. International Solidarity and Cooperation in Fighting the Pandemic

疫情在全球傳播蔓延的形勢令人擔(dān)憂。無論是阻擊病毒的傳播蔓延，還是抵御不斷惡化的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，都需要國際社會團(tuán)結(jié)合作，都需要堅持多邊主義、推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。團(tuán)結(jié)合作是國際社會戰(zhàn)勝疫情最有力武器。未來的成敗取決于今天的作為。中國呼吁各國緊急行動起來，更好團(tuán)結(jié)起來，全面加強(qiáng)合作，聯(lián)合抗疫，共克時艱。

The global spread of Covid-19 is causing great concern. Both the fight to rein in the virus and the endeavor to fend off a deepening global recession call for the international community to stand in unity and engage in cooperation. They also call for multilateralism, and commitment to building a global community of shared future. Solidarity and cooperation are the most powerful weapons available to the international community in the war against the pandemic. What we do today determines how we will fare in the future. China calls on all countries to act promptly, demonstrate solidarity, strengthen cooperation on all fronts, and fight the pandemic together.

有效開展聯(lián)防聯(lián)控國際合作。應(yīng)對疫情必須各國協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)，建立起嚴(yán)密的聯(lián)防聯(lián)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)。疫情發(fā)生以來，世界衛(wèi)生組織秉持客觀公正立場，積極履行職責(zé)，采取一系列專業(yè)、科學(xué)、有效措施，為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和推進(jìn)國際抗疫合作作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。中國堅定支持世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)揮全球抗疫領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用，呼吁國際社會加大對世界衛(wèi)生組織政治支持和資金投入，調(diào)動全球資源打贏疫情阻擊戰(zhàn)。中國主張，各國在世界衛(wèi)生組織的指導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)下，采取科學(xué)合理、協(xié)同聯(lián)動的防控措施，科學(xué)調(diào)配醫(yī)療力量和重要物資，在防護(hù)、隔離、檢測、救治、追蹤等重要領(lǐng)域采取有力舉措，同時，加強(qiáng)信息共享和經(jīng)驗交流，開展檢測方法、臨床救治、疫苗藥物研發(fā)國際合作，繼續(xù)支持各國科學(xué)家開展病毒源頭和傳播途徑的全球科學(xué)研究。中國呼吁，二十國集團(tuán)、亞太經(jīng)合組織、金磚國家、上海合作組織等多邊機(jī)制加大機(jī)制內(nèi)對話交流與政策協(xié)調(diào)力度，二十國集團(tuán)成員切實落實二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人特別峰會達(dá)成的共識。開展聯(lián)防聯(lián)控國際合作，大國的負(fù)責(zé)任、擔(dān)當(dāng)和主動作為至關(guān)重要。中國愿同各國包括美國加強(qiáng)交流合作，共同應(yīng)對疫情挑戰(zhàn)，特別是在疫苗和特效藥的研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和分發(fā)上開展合作，為阻斷病毒傳播作出應(yīng)有貢獻(xiàn)。

Conducting effective international cooperation on joint prevention and control. In responding to a pandemic, all countries must act in coordination to establish an impermeable network for joint prevention and control. Since Covid-19 struck, the WHO has diligently performed its duties, adopted an objective and impartial stance, and taken a slew of professional, science-based, and effective measures. It has made a significant contribution to the fight against the pandemic by leading and advancing global cooperation. China firmly supports the WHO in playing the leading role in this global battle, and calls on the international community to give it more political and financial support, so that we can mobilize the necessary resources worldwide to defeat this virus.

China maintains that all countries should implement their response under the guidance and coordination of the WHO. This includes adopting science-based, rational, and well-coordinated prevention and control measures, appropriately allocating medical resources and key supplies, adopting effective methods in key areas such as prevention, isolation, testing, treatment and case tracing, stepping up information sharing and experience exchanges, engaging in international cooperation on the research and development of testing methods, clinical treatments, drugs and vaccines, and supporting scientists around the world in studying the origin and transmission routes of the virus.

China calls on multilateral organizations, including the G20, APEC, BRICS, and SCO, to increase dialogue, exchanges and policy coordination within their respective frameworks. G20 members should act on the consensus reached at the G20 Extraordinary Leaders' Summit on Covid-19 held in late March 2020.

In international cooperation on joint prevention and control, it is essential that major countries take the initiative, fulfill their responsibilities and do their share of the work. China is ready to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other countries including the US to jointly tackle this pandemic, especially in the fields of research, development, production and distribution of vaccines and drugs.

合作應(yīng)對疫情給世界經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的影響。疫情在全球傳播蔓延，人員流動、跨境商貿(mào)活動受阻，金融市場劇烈震蕩，全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)艿诫p重打擊，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)深度衰退不可避免，國際社會聯(lián)手穩(wěn)定和恢復(fù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)勢在必行。中國愿同各國一道，在加強(qiáng)疫情防控的同時，一齊應(yīng)對日益上升的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，加強(qiáng)國際宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，共同維護(hù)全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈的穩(wěn)定、安全與暢通。新冠肺炎疫情改變了經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化形態(tài)，但全球化發(fā)展大勢沒有改變，搞“脫鉤”“筑墻”“去全球化”，既割裂全球也難以自保。中國主張，各國繼續(xù)推進(jìn)全球化，維護(hù)以世界貿(mào)易組織為基石的多邊貿(mào)易體制，減免關(guān)稅、取消壁壘、暢通貿(mào)易，使全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈安全順暢運(yùn)行，同時，實施有力有效的財政和貨幣政策，加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)，維護(hù)金融市場穩(wěn)定，防止引發(fā)全球性金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入大規(guī)模、長周期衰退。中國將繼續(xù)向國際市場供應(yīng)防疫物資、原料藥、生活必需品等產(chǎn)品，堅定不移擴(kuò)大改革開放，積極擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口，擴(kuò)大對外投資，為各國抗擊疫情、穩(wěn)定世界經(jīng)濟(jì)作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Managing the pandemic's impact on the world economy through cooperation. The global spread of the pandemic has impeded the flow of people, cross-border trade, and other economic activities, triggered fluctuations on the financial market, and delivered a blow to both the industrial and supply chains, making a severe global economic recession unavoidable. It is imperative that the international community work together to stabilize and rehabilitate the world economy. While continuing to heighten epidemic control, China is ready to join forces with other countries to address the deepening global recession, stepping up international coordination on macroeconomic policies, and jointly safeguarding the stable, secure and smooth operation of international industrial and supply chains.

Covid-19 is changing the form but not the general trend of economic globalization. Decoupling, erecting walls and deglobalization may divide the world, but will not do any good to those who themselves are engaged in these acts. China believes that the international community should proceed with globalization, safeguard the multilateral trading system based on the WTO, cut tariffs, remove barriers, facilitate the flow of trade, and keep international industrial and supply chains secure and smooth. Countries also need to implement strong and effective fiscal and monetary policies, better coordinate financial regulation to keep global financial markets stable, and thus prevent a global financial crisis that may consequently plunge the world economy into a massive, protracted recession. China will continue to supply the international market with anti-epidemic materials, pharmaceutical ingredients, daily necessities, and other supplies. At the same time, China will continue to advance reform and opening up, expand imports and outbound investment, and thereby contribute further to other countries' fight against the virus and to a stable world economy.

向應(yīng)對疫情能力薄弱的國家和地區(qū)提供幫助。亞洲、非洲和拉美地區(qū)發(fā)展中國家特別是非洲國家，公共衛(wèi)生體系薄弱，難以獨(dú)立應(yīng)對疫情帶來的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)，幫助他們提升疫情防控能力和水平是全球抗疫的重中之重。中國呼吁，聯(lián)合國、世界衛(wèi)生組織、國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行等多邊機(jī)構(gòu)向非洲國家提供必要的緊急援助；發(fā)達(dá)國家向發(fā)展中國家特別是非洲國家提供更多物資、技術(shù)、人力支持，在全球抗疫中擔(dān)負(fù)更多責(zé)任、發(fā)揮更大作用。中國積極參與并落實二十國集團(tuán)緩債倡議，已宣布77個有關(guān)發(fā)展中國家暫停債務(wù)償還。在向50多個非洲國家和非盟交付醫(yī)療援助物資、派出7個醫(yī)療專家組的基礎(chǔ)上，中國將進(jìn)一步加大援非抗疫力度，繼續(xù)向非洲國家提供力所能及的支持，援助急需醫(yī)療物資，開展醫(yī)療技術(shù)合作，派遣更多醫(yī)療專家組和工作組，幫助非洲國家提升疫情防控能力和水平。中國將向聯(lián)合國人道應(yīng)對計劃提供支持。

Assisting weaker countries and regions. Without assistance, developing countries with weaker public health systems in Asia, Africa and Latin America – especially Africa – will struggle to handle the daunting challenges posed by this pandemic. Helping them improve their capacity and performance in epidemic prevention and control should be a top priority in the global response. China calls on multilateral organizations including the UN, the WHO, the IMF and the World Bank to provide emergency aid to African countries, and calls on developed countries to take on more responsibilities, to play a bigger role in the global battle, and to provide more material, technological and personnel support to their developing counterparts, especially those in Africa.

China has actively participated in and acted upon the Debt Service Suspension Initiative of the G20. It has so far announced the suspension of debt repayments from 77 developing countries. In addition to the medical supplies sent to over 50 African countries and the AU, and the seven medical expert teams dispatched to the continent, China will offer more assistance to African countries, and continue to do all in its power to offer support. This includes sending the most urgent medical supplies, conducting cooperation on medical technologies, and dispatching more medical expert teams and task forces. China will also provide support to the Covid-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan of the UN.

堅決反對污名化和疫情政治化。面對新冠病毒對人類生命安全和健康的嚴(yán)重威脅，當(dāng)務(wù)之急是團(tuán)結(jié)合作、戰(zhàn)勝疫情。人類的共同敵人是病毒，而不是某個國家、某個種族。中國呼吁國際社會更加團(tuán)結(jié)起來，摒棄偏見和傲慢，抵制自私自利、“甩鍋”推責(zé)，反對污名化和疫情政治化，讓團(tuán)結(jié)、合作、擔(dān)當(dāng)、作為的精神引領(lǐng)全世界人民取得全球抗疫勝利。中國是病毒受害國，也是全球抗疫貢獻(xiàn)國，應(yīng)該得到公正對待而不是責(zé)難。中國在疫情初期就向國際社會發(fā)出清晰而明確的信息，個別國家無視這些信息耽誤疫情應(yīng)對和拯救生命，卻反稱被中國“延誤”，真是“欲加之罪，何患無辭”。中國始終堅持公開、透明、負(fù)責(zé)任原則及時向國際社會公布疫情信息，無端指責(zé)中國隱瞞疫情信息和死亡病例數(shù)據(jù)，是對14億中國人民、對被病毒奪去生命的逝者、對數(shù)百萬中國醫(yī)護(hù)人員的極不尊重，中國對此堅決反對。新冠病毒是人類未知的新病毒，病毒溯源是科學(xué)問題，需要科學(xué)家和醫(yī)學(xué)專家進(jìn)行研究，基于事實和證據(jù)得出科學(xué)結(jié)論。通過轉(zhuǎn)嫁責(zé)任掩蓋自身問題，既不負(fù)責(zé)任也不道德，中國絕不接受任何濫訴和索賠要求。面對疫情在全球傳播蔓延，中國向國際社會提供力所能及的援助，源于中國人民的古道熱腸，源于對其他國家人民遭受疫情苦難的感同身受，源于面對災(zāi)難同舟共濟(jì)的人道主義精神，源于大國的責(zé)任和擔(dān)當(dāng)，絕非輸出中國模式，更不是為謀求所謂地緣政治利益。

Firmly opposing stigmatization and politicization of the virus. In the face of a novel coronavirus that poses a worldwide threat to human lives and health, the most urgent task is to defeat it through solidarity and cooperation. The common enemy of humanity is this virus, not any particular country or any particular race. China calls on the international community to come together, abandon prejudice and arrogance, resist scapegoating and other such self-serving artifices, and stand against stigmatization and politicization of the virus. In doing so we will see that the spirit of solidarity, cooperation, responsibility and dedication leads people around the world towards victory in our fight against the pandemic.

China has suffered tremendously but has contributed generously to the global efforts to combat the virus. Its efforts should be duly recognized, and it should not be criticized groundlessly. Since the early days of the outbreak China has informed the rest of the world of every development in clear and unambiguous terms. Certain countries ignored this information, and now blame China for their own failure to respond to the epidemic and protect their people's lives. Those who are intent on maligning others will easily find a pretext. China has always acted with openness, transparency and responsibility, and informed the international community of developments of the epidemic in a timely manner. The baseless accusation that China concealed epidemic information and death figures is a calculated slur on the 1.4 billion Chinese people, including those killed by the virus, and on millions of Chinese medical workers. China categorically rejects any such accusation.

The novel coronavirus is a previously unknown virus. Determining its origin is a scientific issue that requires research by scientists and doctors. The conclusion must be based on facts and evidence. It is both irresponsible and immoral to play the blame game in an attempt to cover up one's own shortcomings. China will never accept any frivolous lawsuits or compensation claims.

In the face of a virus that is spreading worldwide, China has offered help to other countries to the best of its ability. It is doing so out of the kindness of its people, the empathy they have with people of other countries suffering from the pandemic, the humanitarian spirit of helping each other amid disasters, and its sense of responsibility as a major country. China is not exporting its model, nor is it pursuing selfish geopolitical interests.

健全完善惠及全人類、高效可持續(xù)的全球公共衛(wèi)生體系。人類發(fā)展史也是同病毒的斗爭史。當(dāng)前，全球公共衛(wèi)生治理存在諸多短板，全球傳染病聯(lián)防聯(lián)控機(jī)制遠(yuǎn)未形成，國際公共衛(wèi)生資源十分匱乏，逆全球化興起使得全球公共衛(wèi)生體系更加脆弱。人類終將戰(zhàn)勝疫情，但重大公共衛(wèi)生突發(fā)事件對人類來說不會是最后一次。中國呼吁，各國以此次疫情為鑒，反思教訓(xùn)，化危為機(jī)，以卓越的政治遠(yuǎn)見和高度負(fù)責(zé)的精神，堅持生命至上、全球一體、平等尊重、合作互助，建立健全全球公共衛(wèi)生安全長效融資機(jī)制、威脅監(jiān)測預(yù)警與聯(lián)合響應(yīng)機(jī)制、資源儲備和資源配置體系等合作機(jī)制，建設(shè)惠及全人類、高效可持續(xù)的全球公共衛(wèi)生體系，筑牢保障全人類生命安全和健康的堅固防線，構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體。中國支持在全球疫情得到控制之后，堅持客觀公正原則和科學(xué)專業(yè)態(tài)度，全面評估全球應(yīng)對疫情工作，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，彌補(bǔ)不足。中國主張，為人類發(fā)展計、為子孫后代謀，各國應(yīng)立即行動起來，采取斷然措施，最大限度消除病毒對人類的現(xiàn)實和潛在威脅。中國作為負(fù)責(zé)任大國，始終秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，積極推進(jìn)和參與衛(wèi)生健康領(lǐng)域國際合作，認(rèn)真落實習(xí)近平主席在第73屆世界衛(wèi)生大會視頻會議開幕式上提出的6點(diǎn)建議和5項舉措，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和世界公共衛(wèi)生安全，推動構(gòu)建人類衛(wèi)生健康共同體作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。

Building an efficient and sustainable global public health system for the benefit of all humanity. Human history is a history of grappling with viruses. There are multiple deficiencies in current global health governance, including the absence of an international mechanism for joint prevention and control of infectious diseases and a dire shortage of international public health resources. On top of these, the upsurge in deglobalization has rendered the global public health system even more vulnerable.

Humanity will prevail over the pandemic, but it will certainly not be the last major public health emergency we will encounter. China therefore calls on the international community to draw lessons from this pandemic, reflect carefully, and turn crises into opportunities. Countries should show extraordinary political vision and a strong sense of responsibility by doing the following:

? embrace a philosophy that puts life above everything else, regards the world as a whole, and stresses equality, mutual respect, cooperation and mutual assistance;

? establish sound mechanisms for international cooperation, including a long-term financing mechanism, a monitoring, early warning and joint response mechanism for threats to public health, and a mechanism for reserving and allocating resources;

? create an efficient, sustainable global public health system for all;

? fortify defenses for the lives and health of all; and

? build a global community of health for all.

China supports efforts to make a full, objective, impartial, scientific, and professional assessment of the global response once the pandemic has been brought under control. This will enable us to learn lessons and remedy weaknesses. China proposes that countries take immediate action and adopt decisive measures to minimize both the imminent and potential threats of the virus. This is in the interest of future generations and the wellbeing of all humanity.

As a responsible country, China stands for the vision of a global community of shared future, and has actively participated in and advanced international cooperation in public health. It will put into action the six proposals and five measures put forward by President Xi Jinping in his speech at the opening of the 73rd World Health Assembly, and contribute more to securing regional and international public health and building a global community of health for all.

結(jié)束語

Afterword

中華民族歷經(jīng)磨難，但從未被壓垮過，而是愈挫愈勇，不斷在磨難中成長、從磨難中奮起。面對疫情，中國人民萬眾一心、眾志成城，取得了抗擊疫情重大戰(zhàn)略成果。中國始終同各國緊緊站在一起，休戚與共，并肩戰(zhàn)斗。

The Chinese nation has never been driven down by adversity. The more daunting the challenge, the greater the courage it has mustered. Overcoming difficulties has helped China to grow stronger. Confronted by this virus, the Chinese people have joined together as one and united their efforts. They have succeeded in containing the spread of the virus. In this battle, China will always stand together with other countries.

當(dāng)前，新冠病毒仍在全球傳播蔓延，國際社會將會面對更加嚴(yán)峻的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。全球疫情防控戰(zhàn)，已經(jīng)成為維護(hù)全球公共衛(wèi)生安全之戰(zhàn)、維護(hù)人類健康福祉之戰(zhàn)、維護(hù)世界繁榮發(fā)展之戰(zhàn)、維護(hù)國際道義良知之戰(zhàn)，事關(guān)人類前途命運(yùn)。人類唯有戰(zhàn)而勝之，別無他路。國際社會要堅定信心，團(tuán)結(jié)合作。團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量，勝利一定屬于全人類！

Now, when the coronavirus is still spreading and causing devastation all over the world, the international community will have to face even greater difficulties and challenges. Preventing and controlling the spread of the virus has become a fight to safeguard global public health, to secure the wellbeing of humanity, to maintain world prosperity, and to enforce morality and conscience on the international community. It is a fight that will determine the future of the human race. We have no other choice but to overcome the pandemic. The international community must find resolve and forge unity. Solidarity means strength. The world will win this battle.

新冠肺炎疫情深刻影響人類發(fā)展進(jìn)程，但人們對美好生活的向往和追求沒有改變，和平發(fā)展、合作共贏的歷史車輪依然滾滾向前。陽光總在風(fēng)雨后。全世界人民心懷希望和夢想，秉持人類命運(yùn)共同體理念，目標(biāo)一致、團(tuán)結(jié)前行，就一定能夠戰(zhàn)勝各種困難和挑戰(zhàn)，建設(shè)更加繁榮美好的世界。

The pandemic will have a significant impact on the development of humanity, but the people's longing for a happy life will remain unchanged. Peace, development, and win-win cooperation will prevail. The sun will always shine again after a storm. As long as the world's peoples can cherish hopes and dreams, can embrace the idea of a global community of shared future, and can unite in pursuit of a common goal, we will be able to overcome all our current difficulties and challenges, and build a better world for all.

（注：本文省略了原文中的圖表和注釋）

(Note: Charts, tables and notes omitted)

（來源：新華網(wǎng)）

(Source: Xinhua)