Social and Economic Development of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region |
I. General Introduction Founded on May 1st, 1947, Inner Mongolia Autonomous region is the first autonomous region of national minority at the provincial level in China . With a total area of 1.183 million square kilometers, Inner Mongolia covers one eighth of the total territory of China . The total population of Inner Mongolia is 23.924 million, among which, the Mongolian population is 4.2383 million, accounting for 17.7 percent of the total population. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is made up of three leagues, nine municipal cities and one hundred and one banners and counties. Due to the unique advantageous conditions, great potentials and special opportunities, Inner Mongolia has the best foundation for further development. Firstly, various favorable conditions are found in Inner Mongolia , which include social condition, economic condition and industrial condition. Inner Mongolia has the long-standing tradition of national unity among all ethnic groups. In 1950s, Premier Zhou Enlai eulogized Inner Mongolia a ?model autonomous region?. In recent years, the political situation of a friendly relation among ethnic groups, peaceful frontier and social stability has been maintained in Inner Mongolia . The economic condition is reflected by the fact that since the founding of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, especially since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, there has been a steady development of industry, agriculture and herding. As a result, a number of advantageous industries with the regional characteristics have been cultivated and developed. The excellent cooperation and between the Committee of the Communist Party of China of Inner Mongolia and Inner Mongolia People's Government, the good qualifications and optimistic outlook of officials and people from all walks of life have contributed to the establishment of a solid industrial foundation. Secondly, the advantages of Inner Mongolia are found in various fields. As a region rich with natural resources, Inner Mongolia has the large reserve of natural resources that are easy to be exploited, which include such resources above the ground as the large area of the grassland, the large area of the forest and the large area of the cultivated land per capita. The underground resources include rare earth, the total reserve of which ranks first in the world. The total amount of the reserves available of the coal is 223.9 billion tons, ranking second in China . The total amount of the explored reserve of natural gas in Sulid is more than 700 billion cubic meters, ranking among the large gas field in the world. The second aspect of the advantages of Inner Mongolia goes to its regional advantages. Bordering Russia and Mongolia Republic in the north, the total length of the borderline in Inner Mongolia is more than 4200 kilometers and there are totally 18 frontier ports. Stretching across the Northern China, the Northwestern China and the Northeastern China, Inner Mongolia borders eight provinces, which enables it to conduct cooperation with these three economic zones. As a key area in the economic region of Tianjin , Beijing and the economic zone surrounding Bohai Sea , Inner Mongolia acts as a hub connecting the Northern China and the Northwestern China . The third advantage of Inner Mongolia is reflected by the fact that Inner Mongolia is a vast region that is sparsely populated, which is a perfect condition for readjusting the distribution of various kinds of industries and concentrating the industrial resources. This will further promote the relocation of the laborers, accelerate the process of urbanization and the improve work of recovery and protection of the ecological environment. The final advantage goes to Inner Mongolia 's great potential for further development. Comparatively speaking, as a historically less developed area, the rapid development of Inner Mongolia has been accelerating in recent years. This unique situation helps Inner Mongolia to develop from a higher starting point. With the introduction and the application of the modern technology and equipment in the world, Inner Mongolia is able to experience the great leap forward development of the economy. Finally, Inner Mongolia has the great opportunities in its road of development. Firstly, the China 's policy of developing the western region of China is a great impetus for the economic development of Inner Mongolia . Due to the implementation of the policy, the construction of the infrastructure and the work of ecological protection have been emphasized. The increasing amount of the investment in the education and the undertaking of science and technology and the support for developing the featured economy with advantages in the western region have given Inner Mongolia an important opportunity for development. The new round of developing the western region of Inner Mongolia with emphasis on developing various kinds of industries will enable Inner Mongolia to make best use of its natural resources and energy resources, which in turn will promote the upgrading of the featured and advantageous industries and the expand the scope of the industries. Another opportunity favored Inner Mongolia with China 's accession to WTO, which helped Inner Mongolia to open to the outside world. Due to the comparative advantages and complementary advantages of Inner Mongolia , Mongolia Republic and Russia , the technological cooperation among these three countries can be strengthened. The two kinds of markets and the two kinds of resources will promote the development of the economy of Inner Mongolia with the implementation of the policy of opening up. The third opportunity came when the central government strengthened and improved the work of macro control. The flexible policy of macro control helps Inner Mongolia to bring its comparative advantages into full play and to expand the scope of its advantageous industry. This will help Inner Mongolia to adjust its economic structure, to transform its mode of development and to remove the unstable and unfavorable factors that hinder the development of the economy. In this way, the coordinated and sustainable development of the economy will be promoted. The final opportunity was the result of the policy of revitalizing the industrial bases in the northeast provinces of China . The implementation of this policy has given a great opportunity to the eastern leagues in Inner Mongolia . Not long ago, the five leagues in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia were included in this policy. At the national conference on the work of the minority nationalities, a series of policies on promoting and supporting the development of the minority regions were formulated. The increasing scope of the support from the central government to the minority region is a concrete and realistic opportunity for the development of the economy of Inner Mongolia . II. The Economic and Social Development of Inner Mongolia Since the founding of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947, the work of opening up to the outside world and the work of constructing a modern China has entered a new era. During these sixty years, we have witnessed the rapid development of the overall development of economy, politics, culture and society in Inner Mongolia . We have also witnessed the prosperity of Inner Mongolia through the concerted effort of people of all ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia . During these sixty years, we have also witnessed the successful implementation of China 's policy of regional autonomy by national minorities. 1. The greatly liberated and developed social productivity resulted in the spectacular achievement in the socialist construction. Upon the founding of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Party Committee and the People's Government of Inner Mongolia clearly stated the essential task of ?developing a prosperous Inner Mongolia ?. Since the implementation of the opening up and the reform, with emphasis on the primary task of developing the economy, under the leadership of the Party Committee and the People's Government of Inner Mongolia, people from all walks of life have devoted themselves to the socialist construction and economic development, which led to the great breakthroughs in the economic development. In 2006, GDP of Inner Mongolia Autonomous amounted to 479 billion Yuan (RMB), which was 196 times more than GDP of 1949 (537 million yuan). During the 60 years' development of Inner Mongolia, it took 50 years to make GDP reach 1 billion Yuan, six years to reach 2 billion Yuan and one year to reach 3 billion and 4 billion Yuan RMB. GDP per capita of Inner Mongolia has increased from 96 Yuan in 1947 to 20,047 Yuan in 2006 (US$2,513), ranking No. 10 in China . The total revenue of Inner Mongolia had increased from 90 thousand Yuan in 1947 to 71.29 billion Yuan in 2006. The financial income of 84 counties and banners has reached up to over 100 million yuan and that of 13 has reached over one billion yuan. When Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was first founded, the crops output of the whole area was only 1.845 billion kilograms; the livestock number was below 7.8 million and the industrial value of output was only 37 million yuan. In order to change such backward conditions, while developing the farming and animal husbandry, the CPP Committee and the government of Inner Mongolia have worked on speeding up the pace of industrial development, setting up some big enterprises during the period of the First Five-year Plan, including Baotou Iron and Steal Works. Since the implementation of the policy of opening up and reform, especially in recent years, Inner Mongolia has seized the opportunity of developing the western region and other opportunities to speed up the pace of the development of industries. With making full use of its comparative advantages, and pushing forward the shift from resource advantage to economic advantage and improving the comprehensive ability of development and exploration of resources, the industrial development of Inner Mongolian has been accelerated. As a result, the foundation of the farming and animal husbandry has been greatly strengthened and the comprehensive productive ability greatly enhanced. In 2006, the crops output in Inner Mongolia amounted to17.0494 million tons. Inner Mongolia has become as one of the 7 provinces that export crops to others; the total number of livestock amounted to 110.5115 million, which increased 10.9 times as it was in 1947; the output of milk, mutton and cashmere all ranked first in the whole country. Some featured industries were greatly developed, and a lot of work and effort were made to fulfill the variety of industries, the extension and promotion of industry; the process of new form of industrialization was accelerated. In 2006, the increased value of industrial output added up to 197.816 billion, which took up 41.3 percent of the GDP, and this percentage was 6.9 percent in 1947; the output of raw coal reached up to 298 million tons, equaling 144.13 billion kilowatts per hour; the output of steel reached up to 8.619 million tons. Furthermore, the industrial structure has been improved. The percentage of energy, metallurgy, and chemical engineering, process of agriculture and livestock products, equipment manufacturing, advanced and new technology became six featured industries whose increased value of output took up 85 percent of the increased value of all the big enterprises in the whole area, and these 6 industries became the major drives for the economic growth in the whole area. At present, in Inner Mongolia there are 16 Chinese famous brands, including Erdos, Yili, Mengniu, and many others, 7 of which have their revenues amounting to 10 billion Yuan (RMB). To develop the social service industry, the government made and enforced some preferential policies to encourage and support the development of social service industry. In addition to developing the new and modern form of social service industry, the quality and benefits of the industry were improved significantly. In 2006, the percentage of social service industry in the national economy was 37.97 percent in the whole region; the tax income of the industry took up 46.3 percent of the total in the whole region; the newly employed workers in this field took up 68.1 percent of the total in the whole region. All previous sessions of the government and the CCP Committee in Inner Mongolia have always been giving emphasis to the protection and construction of the ecology, seeing ecological construction as the major fundamental construction in order to build Inner Mongolia as an ecological protection area. The government insisted that the protection of ecology be equally important as the ecological construction, and that variety of protection measures be undertaken in large areas to restore the framing land with the purpose of improving the ecology's self-regenerating ability. Under the support of the central government, 9 significant projects had proceeded progressively, which include the grassland's protection and construction project, the natural forest's protection project, and the project concerning the source of windblown sand in Beijing and Tianjin provinces. More emphasis was given to combine the ecological construction, organization adjustment, increasing the income of farmers and herdsmen, supporting the poor and ecological migrants and many others. The utmost purpose is to realize the reasonable developing mode of well-developed industry, to improve people's standard of living and maintain the balance of the ecological system. Since the period of the ?10th Five-year Plan (2000-2005)?, the total investment into ecological construction has amounted to 20 billion, which helped to restore the deserts and sandy area of 0.25 billion mu. 41.8 million mu of regenerated land was restored. The trend of the deteriorating ecological system was controlled. Inner Mongolia has a vast area of land, but the infrastructure construction is still less satisfactory. Since the founding of Inner Mongolia Automatic Region, especially in recent years, a series of massive infrastructure construction have been undertaken in various walks such as farming, irrigation, transportation, electricity, telecommunication, among other things. Accordingly, a large number of important projects were finished which play essential role in the long term development. During the year 2000 to 2005, the capital used for the fundamental structure has added up to 146.32 billion yuan, among which 95.79 billion yuan has been poured into transportation. Till the end of 2006, the total length of the railway had reached up to 7970 miles; the road 128.8 thousand miles, and over 2600 miles of road across the west to the east of Inner Mongolia has been finished. From 2000 to 2006, with the investment into fundamental structure in urban areas going up to 40.84 billion Yuan, the process of urbanization was getting faster apparently. Last year, the rate of urbanization in Inner Mongolia was 48.6 percent, 4.7 percent higher than the average rate in the whole country. Through implementing the policy of the ?developing the poor area to benefit the local people?, the minorities living areas, the border counties, the minorities areas ?scarcity area? (Elunchun Nationality, Ewenki Nationality, and Daur Nationality), the government's support into the fundamental construction was enhanced. Every year, 5 percent of the capital used for minorities and allowance are used to support these areas. Since the implementation of the policy of opening up and reform, a system of the ?the contract responsibility? was enforced in Inner Mongolia , according to which each household's income is linked to its output. In the pastoral area, the policy that the use of the grassland must be paid to use was implemented, which set free and stimulated the productive force in both countries and pastures. In recent years, great progress has been made in the economy's strategic adjustment, with the vigorous and competitive power of state enterprises being strengthened. With the construction of modern market-driven economy system, the procedure of examine and approval is being cut down, and the pace of reform on finance, banking, and investment reform is becoming faster. The government will insist on improving the basic economic system, never hesitate to encourage, support and guide the non-public owned economy, which takes up the 37 percent in the whole region. The government will make a full use of these two markets, two kinds of resources and insist the strategy of open and mutual benefit. At present, Inner Mongolia has built the business exchange and cooperation relationship with over 100 countries and areas. The total value of the import and export of foreign trade has added up to US$5.947 billion in 2006 from the US$16 million in 1978 . The scale of utilizing foreign capital is enlarging continuously. Taking the advantages of Inner Mongolian geographical position, we have made a good use of the open frontier area on the north. We have achieved great fruits through the economic and technology cooperation with Russia and Mongolia . We have realized further achievement in developing the ports. Last year, the carrying capability of Manchuria port amounted to 21.71 million tons. The carrying capability of Erin Hot port amounted to 6.41 million tons. With the deepening and enlarging of the open and reform, the spontaneous increase system of economy is beginning to form. The main achievements are reflected in the following aspects: the degree of market economy in the whole area is increasing; the dominant role of industrial enterprises are becoming more and more important; the role the market plays in the resources distribution is becoming more essential. The development environment is becoming favorable, enjoyable, with the improvement of ecology; fundamental construction and other hardware environment, the contraction of law system, social service, credibility are still being improved. Investment subject is becoming diverse. Government investment and bank investment account for less and less percentage in fixed assets investment. Meanwhile, diverse social investment becomes the investment main body and accounts for 76.1 percent, which is the main source of national income. • Insisting on the regional autonomous system and pushing forward the democratic construction The government has attached great importance to the relationship between safeguarding national sovereign integrity and perfecting the regional autonomy and the relationship between guaranteeing the gross national interests. It has always given attention to the interests the various ethnic groups. At the same time, the regional autonomy law is fully observed. The decision-making body granted to and favorable policies made for the national minority region are employed fully and appropriately, which promotes the economic and social development. In order to perfect the necessary regulations of ?The Regional National Autonomy Law? and link up the opening of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Process of modernized construction, a series of regional regulations and policies are drew out. In recent years, the local People's Congresses of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have constituted and approved 449 regional regulations and have made a series of policies to promote economic development of minority regions with less population and the economic development of border counties. We have also have made policies to encourage people to learn and speak Mongolian and made many other policies favorable to minority national area, which advances the perfection and observation of ?The Regional National Autonomy Law?. We lay emphasis on the cultivating and employing of cadres from minority groups, which is also considered as an important part of following ?The Regional National Autonomy Law?. Constantly cultivating, selecting, and employing the leaders from ethnic groups, we have built a strong leading team who are politically steadfast and professionally competent leaders. The percentage of leaders from ethnic groups among the total is obviously higher than the percentage of ethnic groups of the total population of Inner Mongolia , and so is the percentage of professional staffs working in different walks. All the peoples of Inner Mongolia cherish the unity, constantly solidify and enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity, help and harmony. All of the previous party committees and governments have devoted themselves to the popularity and education of Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations. Since 1983, an activity to praise the people who have made contributions to the solidarity of ethnic relation has been held every September. In practice, we persist in ethnic relation of equality, oppose ethnic discrimination, help peoples of China's nationalities understand the relation between country and nationalities, correctly handle the interests of the nationality and our country and also the interests of one's own nationality and other nationalities. We also teach the leaders the importance of solidarity, and make sure that they have the cardinal principles in mind, and take the overall situation and interests into account, and also they are supporter of solidarity. We attach great importance to the young people's education. The concept of the unity of our various nationalities is incorporated in the school education, which makes the maintaining and promoting of unity a social fashion. Nowadays, people of various nationalities respect, learn, and help each other. Chinese Han nationality and other ethnic groups cannot be separated. We should maintain the unity of various nationalities and the stable the situation of the frontier areas. When we solve the contradiction between or among the various nationalities, we always adhere to the practical and realistic principle, and strictly distinguish between the two different types of contradictions. That is to say, we never regard non-ethnic conflicts, which are resulted from production and daily lives as ethnic ones. We should treat specific issues with appropriate approaches. As for the management of religious affairs, in order to strengthen and actively guide religions to adapt to socialist society, the Inner Mongolia government has been implementing the Party's religious policy in earnest. Meanwhile, to effectively safeguard national unity and stability in the border areas and the reunification of the motherland, the Inner Mongolia government has taken strong measures against a handful of sabotages that had been deliberately sabotaging national unity and seeking a split nation. • The national cultural prosperity has been greatly developed and people's spiritual and cultural lives have been highly enriched. Over the recent years, the government has been conducting the education of the Party's theories, principles, guidelines and experiences. It has also educated the peoples with the up-to-date fruits of Marxism. Through studying Deng Xiaoping's theories, ?three representatives? as well as the other major theories such as the outlook of scientific development and building up a harmonious society, the self-conscientiousness and certainty have all improved. The Inner Mongolia government carries forward patriotism as the core national spirit of all the times. Core values of the socialist system are being melted into the national education and the entire process of building spiritual civilization, and permeated in all aspects of the modernization. What is more, to regard Niu Yuru, Ting Bateer as the representative of a group of models provides a powerful drive for the construction and revitalization of Inner Mongolia . By strengthening the building of government affairs integrity, business integrity and social integrity, Inner Mongolia has formed great moral standards and codes of conduct, which embody the traditional virtues, and the spirit of the times. Moreover, with the popularity of various campaigns such as ?the Northern Border Passage Civilization?, ?the Rainbow Culture Plan?, ?the Construction Plan of Border Area Culture Corridor?, ?the Prairie Library Project? and so on, urban and rural construction of spiritual civilization has presented coordinated and a harmonious development and a great progress. Every year Inner Mongolia holds a meeting to exchange experiences on the building of the two civilizations, to summarize and promote the advanced experiences throughout the whole region. Baotou city has been rated as one of the ?National Best Civilized Cities? in 2005. On all accounts, Inner Mongolia has a long history and brilliant culture. The peoples of Inner Mongolia are proud of our splendid culture, unique and fine art, and rich and diverse human resources. Since the founding of the autonomous region, folk art and cultural heritage has been protected and promoted greatly. In recent years, the Autonomous Regional Party Committee and the government explicitly proposes strategic goals of building an ethical cultural region. Therefore, the national culture construction has entered a new prosperous developing time. In the whole region, a number of cultural and artistic works have won nationwide prize and a group of works have won the national awards like "Flying Award", "Star Award", etc. Some cultural programs enjoy high reputation and exert great influence at home and abroad. The Inner Mongolian cappella performance has won quite many awards in the international choral competitions. The thousand-of-people horse-head fiddle ensemble has won the Guinness world record. The Mongolian long-tune songs have been selected as a representative art of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO. The cultural industry, mainly based on grassland tourism, programs of entertainment, recreations, publication, TV and broadcast, and Zhaojun Cultural Festival, has showed their charms and popularity to the outside world. The cultural infrastructure has developed considerately. A great many key projects, such as Wulan Chat Grand Theater, Inner Mongolia Museum, have been built up one after another. • Insisting on humanity and advancing harmonious development The average income of the urban and rural residents has increased from 301 yuan in 1978 to 10,358 yuan in 2006. The net income of the herdsmen per capita has increased from 131 yuan to 3342 yuan. The average urban and rural residents' expense of disbursement has increased from 267.73 yuan in 1978 to 7666.6 yuan in 2006 by the average annual increase of 12.7 percent. The average expense of disbursement from the herdsmen has increased from dozens of Yuan in 1978 to 2772 yuan in 2006 by the average annual increase of over 20 percent. An obvious success has been achieved in employment and reemployment too. 1.01 million new posts have been offered during the period of the 10th national five-year plan, and 540,000 laid-off workers have been reemployed, with the control of the urban and rural unemployment rate within 4.3 percent. The urban social security work has been well arranged. At the same time, the low-guarantee work in the rural and pastoral areas has been promoted in the region with the extension of the social security work to the countryside. All social undertakings have developed stably since the founding of the Inner Mongolia , among which education has flourished greatly. Before the founding of the Inner Mongolia , 80 percent of the regional population was illiterate, and there was no college at all. The total student number of various schools had not reached 3 percent of the total regional population. By the end of 2006, Inner Mongolia has boasted 36 higher educational institutions, in which the total number of the students has reached 252,900, and the minority students 69,400, with an increase of 3.3 times than that of 2000. By the end of the 10th national five-year plan, 88.35 percent of population enjoy the compulsory education has reached. The scientific undertaking has reached great achievements too. At present there are 139 state-owned independent research and development organizations and 534, 900 specialized personnel in the whole region. The region has invested 10.22 billion Yuan to the development of science and technology, achieving 460 scientific and research achievements and 3914 granted patents. Medical and health undertaking has developed greatly. There are 3,693 medical organizations, 70,300 hospital beds, and 102,300 medical personnel in the region. On average, every 10 thousand people have 29.4 hospital beds, and 21 doctors. The newly rural cooperative medical care system will cover the region at a full scale. An advance has been made in sports as well. The region minority sports meeting is held every four years, and many sports events have won prizes from home to abroad. The increase rate of the population has maintained steadily and the qualities of the population have improved unceasingly. The total number of the regional population has reached 23.9235 million, among which Mongolian people have increased from 832,000 in 1949 to 4.2383 million in 2006. The peoples' interests should are paid a close attention to, and the construction of a harmonious Inner Mongolia have been sped up. According to the spirit of Sixteenth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the CPC, the Party committee and government of our autonomous region set up the strategic goal of constructing a harmonious Inner Mongolia . The settlement of the issues concerning masses' interests has been regarded as the first priority, and great efforts have been exerted to do practical good to disadvantaged groups. During the ?10th Five-Year? period, 920 thousand farmers and herdsmen steadily shook off poverty. More than 700 thousand urban populations had access to minimum level subsistence allowances, and more than 400 thousand destitute peasants and herdsmen received subsidy in our autonomous region in total. In 2005, the government of our autonomous region made ?two promises?, that is, to help at least one member of an out-of-work family to be reemployed, and avoid students who have passed the entrance examination for college being unable to go to college. These two campaigns are made to produce enduring effects. This year, the government brought forward seven tasks and ?ten projects concerning people's livelihood?. The seven tasks include: to raise the minimum level of substance allowance for urban people, to enlarge the coverage of subsidy in destitute rural and pastoral area, to implement new jointly operated medical treatment in rural and pastoral area in an all-round way and to solve the problem of drinking water for people in rural and poor areas, and so on. The ?ten projects concerning people's livelihood? include improving production and living condition in rural and pastoral area, strengthening government's aid in poverty-eliminating program and so on. During the preparation and celebration of 60th anniversary of the founding of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, governments of all levels are required to put priority on doing practical matters for people from all nationalities so that people will be affected by the warmth delivered by our party and government and they will enjoy the fruits of reform and development completely. III. The Tentative Plan and Emphasis of Future Development Last year, the Conference of the Communist Party of Inner Mongolia set up the goals, guiding principles and work focus for the development of our region for next five years according to the requirements of scientific development and harmonious construction. The first major goal is to improve ?two levels? ---- the level of balanced development and sustainable development level. The implementation of ?five unified planning? will make distinct progress and the imbalance in development has been effectively alleviated. The capacity of comprehensive utilization of natural resources will be greatly raised. Notable improvement will be made in ecological environment. The energy consumption for total output value per unit has been reduced by 25 percent; the total volume of pollutant discharge has reached the standard in a steady way. The other major goal is maintaining ?two excesses?, that is, the increase of total output value and income per capita of urban and rural population in the region should be exceed the average level of the whole country. The last major goal is ensuring ?two realizations?: the first refers to doubling total output value and financial revenue of the region. The second means that the region's total supply and demand ranks at media level and major economic indicator of average people enters into the front rank as far as the whole country is concerned. By the end of the first decade of this century, a vigorous Inner Mongolia with sound overall strength, rational economic structure, and distinguished regional characteristics, stable and harmonious social environment will have risen to prominence in the north of our country. With regard to the guiding principles, we shall uphold four principles: the first one is to find the foothold in scientific development: we should insist that development is the cardinal principle; development is the primary task, economic development is the central task; all problems should be resolved by development and reform. The development should be scientific. We shall exert ourselves to update our development concepts, innovate development modes, improve developmental quality, and put into effect ?the five unified planning? so as to push forward the sustainable and concerted development of economy and society in an all round way. The second one is to stick to the interaction among the new industrialization, the industrialization of agriculture and husbandry and urbanization. These are necessary choices made in our region's economic and social development, which proved to be successful. On the basis of the goal of building up the well-off society in an all round way, the fundamental position of agriculture and husbandry and the leading position of industry should be given more prominence. By making the new industrialization the main direction of attack, we shall promote the industrialization and modernization of agriculture and husbandry, and push forward the construction of new socialist rural and pastoral area. Relying on the new industrialization, population shift and the centralization of essential factors of production should be accelerated which will facilitate the rapid and healthy development of urbanization and service trades. We shall realize the interaction among the new industrialization, the industrialization of agriculture and husbandry and urbanization on new and higher level. The third one is to increase people's income. Improving people's living standard should be regarded as the primary task as far as sticking to our party's tenet and carrying out of rule for people are concerned. This should be the most important task in all official's post. We shall adhere to the unification of developing economy and benefiting people. Proceeding from the main task of increasing the income of rural and urban population and through developing production, enlarging employment, improving social security and eliminating poverty, people of all nationalities will be benefited more from reform and development. Then increase of the income of rural and urban population will keep pace with the economic development of the region. The fourth one is promoting social harmony: In the light of the requirement of putting people first, settling the most direct, practical issues concerning people's interest should be given first priority. The concerted development of economy and society, the maintenance of social justice, and the construction of democracy and legal system should be attached more importance in order to build up such a situation in which each member is doing his best, and each is in his proper place. Based on the goals and principles above, nine major tasks shall be carried forward. The first one is to push forward the construction of the new socialist rural and pastoral area. The second is to advance the new industrialization. The third is to promote rapid and healthy development of service trades. The fourth is to accelerate urbanization. The fifth is to keep on ecological environment and infrastructure construction. The sixth is go deep in the reform and opening to the outside world policy, and make further progress in science and technology. The seventh is to give impetus to socialist politics construction. The eighth is to vigorously develop advanced socialist culture. The final one is to make great efforts to construct a harmonious Inner Mongolia .
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