人的全面發(fā)展
馬克思指出，作為社會主體的每一個(gè)人在個(gè)性、道德、能力等方面的和諧、自由、全面的發(fā)展和完善，是共產(chǎn)主義的社會理想和人類的理想，與人的片面的、畸形的發(fā)展相對。馬克思在創(chuàng)立歷史唯物主義時(shí)提出了這一思想，在《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》中以“自由人的聯(lián)合體”來描述共產(chǎn)主義的社會理想，后來又在《資本論》及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)著作中多次提出“全面而自由的發(fā)展”目標(biāo)。
馬克思主義不僅從現(xiàn)實(shí)的“平等主義”角度論證了“一切人”的發(fā)展，也從個(gè)體的角度提出了“人的全面發(fā)展”的社會理想，即“使社會的每一個(gè)成員都能完全自由地發(fā)展和發(fā)揮他的全部才能和力量，并且不會因此而危及這個(gè)社會的基本條件”。在這個(gè)意義上，消除貧困成為人的全面發(fā)展的基本要求。社會主義不僅要讓人們實(shí)現(xiàn)溫飽的目標(biāo)，更要使人民過上能夠全面發(fā)展的美好生活。以“人的全面發(fā)展”為目標(biāo)，意味著消除貧困不僅是解除貧困人口的經(jīng)濟(jì)約束，更要實(shí)現(xiàn)他們對美好生活的向往。因此，習(xí)近平要求，堅(jiān)持以促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展的理念指導(dǎo)扶貧開發(fā)，豐富貧困地區(qū)文化活動(dòng)，加強(qiáng)貧困地區(qū)社會建設(shè)，提升貧困群眾教育、文化、健康水平和綜合素質(zhì)，振奮貧困地區(qū)和貧困群眾精神風(fēng)貌。
The Universal Development of the Individual
Karl Marx pointed out that harmonious, free and comprehensive development and improvement of every member of society in their individuality, virtue and capacity is the social ideal and aspiration of all humanity and communism, which is different from imbalanced development favoring particular individuals. He put forward this idea when he created the theory of historical materialism. He used "a community of free individuals" to describe the social ideal of communism in the Manifesto of the Communist Party, and mentioned the goal of "comprehensive and free development" in Capital and other works on economics.
Marxism advocates the development of all individuals on an equal footing and the comprehensive development of human beings, "To organize society in such a way that every member of it can develop and use all his capabilities and powers in complete freedom and without thereby infringing the basic conditions of this society." In this sense, ending poverty is the basic requirement for the universal development of individuals. Socialism will not only ensure people's basic needs - food and clothing - but also bring them a better life with universal development.
To end poverty and pursue "universal development" will relieve the people of their economic bonds and realize their desire for a better life. Xi Jinping urges promoting people's well-rounded development to guide poverty alleviation endeavors, increasing cultural activities and social programs in poor areas, enhancing education, culture, and healthcare services for local people, and improving their moral standards.
