定點(diǎn)扶貧

定點(diǎn)扶貧，是指黨政機(jī)關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位和社會(huì)團(tuán)體利用自己的資源，以貧困區(qū)域的重點(diǎn)貧困縣為主要幫扶對(duì)象，與貧困地區(qū)合作以幫助其脫貧致富的一種開(kāi)發(fā)式扶貧模式，其目的是促進(jìn)黨政機(jī)關(guān)、企事業(yè)單位和社會(huì)團(tuán)體參與扶貧工作。這是中國(guó)特色扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作的重要組成部分。2012年11月8日，國(guó)務(wù)院扶貧辦、中組部等八部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)《關(guān)于做好新一輪中央、國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和有關(guān)單位定點(diǎn)扶貧工作的通知》，確定了新一輪定點(diǎn)扶貧結(jié)對(duì)關(guān)系。參與定點(diǎn)扶貧的中央和國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)等單位達(dá)到310個(gè)，第一次實(shí)現(xiàn)了定點(diǎn)扶貧工作對(duì)592個(gè)國(guó)家扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣的全覆蓋。

依據(jù)定點(diǎn)扶貧工作介入點(diǎn)的不同，可以將實(shí)踐中的不同扶貧方式分為：以項(xiàng)目扶持為介入點(diǎn)的扶貧模式、以產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)為著力點(diǎn)的扶貧模式、以企業(yè)發(fā)展為推手的扶貧模式、以結(jié)對(duì)幫扶為手段的扶貧模式。

其一，以項(xiàng)目扶持為介入點(diǎn)的定點(diǎn)扶貧模式。在該模式下，定點(diǎn)扶貧主體以扶持適合當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)展項(xiàng)目的形式幫助其解決貧困問(wèn)題。水利部在其定點(diǎn)貧困縣開(kāi)展以項(xiàng)目幫扶為主的扶貧工作，采取“項(xiàng)目扶持、資金支持”的方式，實(shí)施以“六大工程”建設(shè)為重點(diǎn)的民生水利工程，解決當(dāng)?shù)氐幕A(chǔ)設(shè)施、農(nóng)田水利、村容村貌、教育等問(wèn)題，扶貧成效明顯。

其二，以產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)為著力點(diǎn)的定點(diǎn)扶貧模式。這種模式以產(chǎn)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)為重點(diǎn)，通過(guò)促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)改善，帶動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)民發(fā)展能力，實(shí)現(xiàn)落后地區(qū)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，解決貧困問(wèn)題?？萍疾吭诠馍健⒓芽h、井岡山、永新、魏縣、英山、柞水等定點(diǎn)幫扶縣，整合科技資源，聚焦關(guān)鍵技術(shù)攻關(guān)，重視科技示范作用，指導(dǎo)各地科技扶貧工作，促進(jìn)了貧困地區(qū)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。

其三，以企業(yè)發(fā)展為推手的定點(diǎn)扶貧模式。這種模式以扶持貧困地區(qū)的龍頭企業(yè)為引領(lǐng)，帶動(dòng)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力，解決貧困問(wèn)題。該模式以中國(guó)石油天然氣集團(tuán)公司定點(diǎn)幫扶臺(tái)前縣為典型代表。2007年，中國(guó)石油天然氣集團(tuán)公司承接河南省臺(tái)前縣定點(diǎn)扶貧任務(wù)，發(fā)揮石油石化行業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，扶持當(dāng)?shù)佚堫^企業(yè)--濮陽(yáng)市恒潤(rùn)石化公司，帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)厥褪a(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和農(nóng)民增收。

其四，以結(jié)對(duì)幫扶為手段的扶貧模式。在中央、省級(jí)部門的扶貧推動(dòng)與宏觀指導(dǎo)下，貧困地區(qū)的市、縣級(jí)政府積極響應(yīng)國(guó)家的號(hào)召，探索了諸如“對(duì)口幫扶”“結(jié)對(duì)助困”等適合本地區(qū)特點(diǎn)的社會(huì)扶貧發(fā)展模式。例如，陜西省榆林府谷縣創(chuàng)造了“3331”的扶貧方式。即利用3年時(shí)間，每年至少幫扶3000戶，做到幫扶到村、到戶、到人“三到位”，實(shí)現(xiàn)全縣貧困人口整體脫貧這一目標(biāo)。

Paired-Up Assistance in Poverty Alleviation

Paired-up assistance is a unique practice in China's poverty alleviation. The CPC and government departments, enterprises, public institutions and social organizations are paired up with recipient poor counties to provide assistance to the latter. By using their own resources, these units can play their part in the national battle against poverty. This is an important element of China's poverty elimination campaign.

On November 8, 2012, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development and seven other government departments jointly released a notice on a new round of paired-up assistance by central departments and ministries, and publicized a new list of cooperation partners. A total of 310 central departments and institutions appeared on the list, and for the first time the 592 poor counties were all paired up with partners.

The assistance may be provided by way of projects, economic development, creating enterprises, and paired-up assistance:

(1) Assistance projects suited to local conditions. For instance, the Ministry of Water Resources has assigned money to six projects in its paired counties, which have substantially improved local infrastructure, farmland irrigation, water conservancy, village conditions, and education;

(2) Economic development for sustainable growth of underdeveloped regions through improving the local industrial structure, boosting the regional economy, and enhancing the farmers' capacity for development. The Ministry of Science and Technology has provided technological assistance to its paired counties of Guangshan, Jiaxian, Jinggangshan, Yongxin, Weixian, Yingshan and Zhashui, thus promoting specialized industrial development in these places;

(3) Developing businesses to create jobs and drive the local economy. For example PetroChina was assigned to help Taiqian County of Henan Province in 2007. It has since supported Hengrun in Puyang, a leading local petrochemical plant, and consequently boosted the local oil and petrochemical industries and brought more income to local farmers; and

(4) Paired-up assistance for targeted effects. City and county governments in impoverished areas have developed modes of paired-up social assistance to suit local poverty alleviation. For instance, Fugu County in Shaanxi Province has adopted a "3331" model: designating local officials to help at least 3,000 households a year and provide assistance to every village, every household and every villager in order to realize the one goal of poverty elimination in three years through paired-up assistance.