National Pilot Zones for Eco-Environmental Conservation
China's national pilot zones for eco-environmental conservation are national-level platforms for the reform of the eco-civilization system.
The decision of the 18th CPC Central Committee at its fifth plenary session in October 2015, and the 13th Five-year Plan for 2016-2020 both brought the plan to establish national pilot zones for ecological conservation under a set of unified standards.
In August 2016, the central authorities issued a document on building these pilot zones. Three provinces – Fujian, Guizhou and Jiangxi, all with relatively good environment strengths in natural resources – were chosen as the first group to develop pilot zones. In May 2019, Hainan Province was added to the list.
In November 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission published a list of reform measures and positive practices for application in other parts of China. The list included 90 reform measures and successful cases in 14 areas:
?property rights of natural resource assets,
?territorial space development and protection,
?environmental governance,
?household waste sorting and treatment,
?improvement of water resources and the water environment,
?improvement of rural living environments,
?conservation and restoration,
?green, circular and low-carbon development,
?green finance,
?eco-compensation,
?poverty alleviation through eco-environmental programs,
?judicial practice,
?legislation and supervision, and
?performance review and auditing.
The results from these pilot zones will promote other places with their reform of the eco-civilization system, and boost the building of China's eco-civilization from 2021 to 2025.
Applying top-level design to their own programs, the national pilot zones have gained valuable experience in institutional innovation and growth models, which can be applied in other areas. Their resource utilization has been increased, their eco-environment continues to improve, and there have been notable improvements in the quality and efficiency of development. With positive results in economic and social progress and environmental protection, these pilot zones have provided new opportunities for modernization with harmony between humanity and nature, and provide institutional support for boosting green development and building an eco-civilization in a beautiful China.
國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)
國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)，是生態(tài)文明體制改革的國(guó)家級(jí)綜合平臺(tái)。中共十八屆五中全會(huì)和“十三五”規(guī)劃《綱要》明確提出，設(shè)立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)。2016年8月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《關(guān)于設(shè)立統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)的意見(jiàn)》，福建、江西和貴州三省作為生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)較好、資源環(huán)境承載能力較強(qiáng)的地區(qū)，被納入首批統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)，探索形成可在全國(guó)復(fù)制推廣的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。2019年5月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)了《國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)（海南）實(shí)施方案》，將海南納入試驗(yàn)區(qū)范圍。
2020年11月，國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委印發(fā)《國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革舉措和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法推廣清單》，內(nèi)容包括自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)、國(guó)土空間開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)、環(huán)境治理體系、生活垃圾分類(lèi)與治理、水資源水環(huán)境綜合整治、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、生態(tài)保護(hù)與修復(fù)、綠色循環(huán)低碳發(fā)展、綠色金融、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償、生態(tài)扶貧、生態(tài)司法、生態(tài)文明立法與監(jiān)督、生態(tài)文明考核與審計(jì)等14個(gè)方面，共90項(xiàng)可復(fù)制可推廣的改革舉措和經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法。這標(biāo)志著國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)已取得階段性成果，將極大促進(jìn)各地區(qū)進(jìn)一步深化生態(tài)文明體制改革，對(duì)“十四五”時(shí)期加快推進(jìn)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)具有重要意義。
建設(shè)國(guó)家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)，是將中央頂層設(shè)計(jì)與地方具體實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，以體制創(chuàng)新、制度供給、模式探索為重點(diǎn)，集中開(kāi)展生態(tài)文明體制改革綜合試驗(yàn)，率先建成較為完善的生態(tài)文明制度體系，形成一批可在全國(guó)復(fù)制推廣的重大制度成果，資源利用水平大幅提高，生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量持續(xù)改善，發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益明顯提升，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)雙贏，形成人與自然和諧發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新格局，為加快生態(tài)文明建設(shè)、實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色發(fā)展、建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)提供有力制度保障。
