Shi Bo's Idea that "Harmony Creates Everything"

Shi Bo (dates unknown), a court historian in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, was mainly in charge of drafting documents, conferring titles of nobility, recording historical events, writing historical books, as well as managing the national classic books and astronomical calendars. In The Discourses of the States, Shi Bo's dialogue on the rise and fall of a state with Duke Huan of Zheng (d. 771 BC) reflects his view on Hehe thinking.  

During the reign of King You of Zhou (r. 781-771 BC), the whole country was in political turmoil. Duke Huan of Zheng was in charge of public education. Concerned about the safety of his family and the people in the State of Zheng, he went to seek advice from Shi Bo on large-scale migration. When discussing the question of whether the Zhou Dynasty would collapse, Shi Bo talked about the issues of existence and development from the perspective of harmony, proposing the idea that "harmony creates everything." According to Shi Bo, only in harmony can everything be created. Harmony coordinates and balances different elements so that everything can develop and form a unity. 

Shi Bo's opinion is clearly insightful. First, harmony is different from uniformity. It strikes a dynamic balance among various elements, and functions as the most fundamental and effective way to deal with diversity. Second, harmony does not iron out differences, but is in fact to seek a state of equilibrium between the differences, so that something new can be created. So, the purpose of harmony is to create something new. This theory can also be applied in modern innovation. 

史伯與“和實(shí)生物”

史伯是西周末年的史官，主要負(fù)責(zé)掌管起草文告、策命諸侯、記錄史事、編寫(xiě)史書(shū)，兼管?chē)?guó)家典籍、天文歷法等。《國(guó)語(yǔ)》記載了鄭桓公和史伯之間的一段對(duì)話，充分反映了史伯對(duì)于和合的看法。  

周幽王時(shí)期，政治混亂，負(fù)責(zé)教化的鄭桓公考慮到自己家庭和鄭地子民的安全，想作大規(guī)模搬遷，便找史伯商量，討教辦法。史伯在回答鄭桓公提出的“周朝會(huì)不會(huì)敗亡”問(wèn)題時(shí)，從“和”的角度討論了“生”的問(wèn)題，也就是通常說(shuō)的“和實(shí)生物”“和生”“因和而生”等觀念。在史伯看來(lái)，只有和諧才能生成萬(wàn)物。和就是對(duì)不同的東西加以協(xié)調(diào)平衡、豐富發(fā)展而使萬(wàn)物歸于統(tǒng)一。

從史伯的觀點(diǎn)中，可以看出他對(duì)于“和”有非常深刻的理解。首先，和不是同，而是不同事物之間和諧、平衡的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程，是不同事物相處最有效、最根本的關(guān)系形態(tài)。其次，只有和才能產(chǎn)生萬(wàn)物，因?yàn)楹筒⒉皇且懦挛镏g的差異性，而是在差異性中找到一種平衡，這恰恰是產(chǎn)生新事物的前提，所以和的目的是為了生。我們現(xiàn)在講的創(chuàng)新，就可以將其動(dòng)力歸之于和。