作為新托福寫作考試的第2部分,獨(dú)立寫作要求考生在30分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇字?jǐn)?shù)在300字左右的議論文。而根據(jù)對(duì)ETS最新的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的解讀,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)閱卷者評(píng)判考生的文章遵循的原則是:“Readers should focus on what the examinee does well”。這就意味著整個(gè)評(píng)分過程是考察考生表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)點(diǎn)的過程,而并非對(duì)考生的文章吹毛求疵的過程。因此,即使是一篇滿分的文章,也是允許考生有少量的錯(cuò)誤。在本章中,專家將就獨(dú)立寫作部分的評(píng)分原則進(jìn)行深入的分析。
一、不準(zhǔn)字?jǐn)?shù)不夠
對(duì)于獨(dú)立寫作的字?jǐn)?shù)要求,官方的說法是:“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5”。
可見,若想得到高分,考生最好能將文章寫到300字以上,雖然有些文章字?jǐn)?shù)不足但仍可得到滿分,但是畢竟這種情況比較罕見,要充分對(duì)于考題展開論述,從而有利地支持文章觀點(diǎn),充足的字?jǐn)?shù)是必須的。
二、不準(zhǔn)文章模式化
文章的發(fā)展指的是運(yùn)用例子、細(xì)節(jié)和理由來支持你在文章中所闡述的觀點(diǎn)。朗閣海外考試研究中心分析發(fā)現(xiàn),閱卷者不希望看到考生為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)而過多使用一些“模式化”的單詞或句子來發(fā)展文章,也不愿意看到考生過多抄襲或者沿用題目中的句子。他們會(huì)考察考生在用自己的話論述觀點(diǎn)上的能力。比如:
Some people say that advertising encourage us to buy things we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives. Yes, it is. I buyed much, because TV ads.
顯然,這個(gè)考生除了增加幾個(gè)單詞外,只是完全抄襲了寫作題目,而且沒有關(guān)于文章話題的發(fā)展。并且出現(xiàn)了低級(jí)拼寫錯(cuò)誤和連詞使用錯(cuò)誤,因此屬于0分的文章。我們?cè)賮砜纯催@個(gè)例子:
The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, can not be underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general can not be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.
這個(gè)考生雖然寫了很多字,但是沒有發(fā)展出任何真正的主題,這個(gè)在獨(dú)立寫作中都是很忌諱的事情。
|