李克強在第八屆夏季達沃斯論壇上的致辭（全文）
Full text: Li Keqiang's speech at Summer Davos opening ceremony
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| 2014年9月10日，天津，國務(wù)院總理李克強出席世界經(jīng)濟論壇第八屆新領(lǐng)軍者年會（2014年夏季達沃斯論壇）開幕式并致詞。圖為演講結(jié)束后，世界經(jīng)濟論壇主席施瓦布對話李克強總理（左）。[中國網(wǎng) 楊佳 攝] Chinese Premier Li Keqiang (L) answers questions raised by Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum (WEF), after delivering a keynote speech at the opening of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2014, also known as the Summer Davos forum, in Tianjin Municipality, north China, Sept. 10, 2014. [Yang Jia/China.org.cn] |
| 經(jīng)濟總體平穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中提質(zhì)，重要的是我們實施了區(qū)間調(diào)控下的定向調(diào)控，抓住經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域和薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，更多運用改革創(chuàng)新的辦法，聚焦在“激活力、補短板、強實體”上，精準發(fā)力，定向施策。這實際上是一種結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)控，既包括改革，也包括調(diào)整，努力使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，大力破除市場障礙；更好發(fā)揮政府作用，努力促進社會公平。我們積極平衡國內(nèi)國外需求，協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域發(fā)展，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距，穩(wěn)定農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給；我們還加強了中西部鐵路、棚戶區(qū)改造、污染防治等民生和發(fā)展工程建設(shè)，擴大的都是長期制約平衡發(fā)展的“瓶頸”，有力地支持了新型城鎮(zhèn)化，也有效地增加了公共產(chǎn)品供給。 | We have managed to ensure steady growth and improve the quality of the Chinese economy by taking targeted, range-based macro-control measures. With focus on key areas and weak links of China's economic and social development, we have used more reform and innovation measures to incentivize market entities, strengthen weak links, boost the real economy and ensure that our efforts are well-targeted. This approach, which was also structural adjustment in nature, involved both reform and readjustments. We have strived to remove market obstacles and make the market play a decisive role in resources allocation. We have also endeavored to improve the role of the government and promote social equity. We have worked actively to balance domestic and international demands, coordinate regional development, narrow the gap between rural and urban areas and stabilize agricultural supply and demand. We have strengthened the construction of railways in central and western China, the renovation of rundown areas, as well as pollution control and prevention and other livelihood and development projects. We have actively tackled the bottlenecks that have long constrained China's balanced development. All of these have vigorously supported the process toward a new type of industrialization and effectively increased the supply of public goods. |
| 在國際國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)新常態(tài)下，我們保持定力、深處著力，更加關(guān)注結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等長期問題，并不隨單項指標的短期小幅波動而起舞。比如說，7、8月份用電量、貨運量等指標出現(xiàn)一些波動，這是難以避免的，也是在預(yù)料之中的，因為國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟形勢仍然復(fù)雜多變，而且去年下半年我們發(fā)展的基數(shù)也比較高?？粗袊?jīng)濟，不能只看眼前、看局部、看“單科”，更要看趨勢、看全局、看“總分”。我們堅持區(qū)間調(diào)控的基本思路，只要經(jīng)濟增速保持在7.5%左右，高一點，低一點，都屬于合理區(qū)間。尤其應(yīng)當看到，穩(wěn)增長是為了保就業(yè)，調(diào)控的下限是比較充分的就業(yè)。隨著總量擴大，尤其是服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，經(jīng)濟增長的就業(yè)容量擴大了，對波動的容忍度也提高了。還要看到，中國經(jīng)濟有巨大韌性、潛力、回旋余地，我們采取的措施既利當前、更惠長遠，有能力防范出現(xiàn)大的起伏，更不會發(fā)生“硬著陸”。但并不是說我們在發(fā)展中沒有困難和挑戰(zhàn)。相反，我們遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)依然是艱巨的。 | Facing the new normal state of the global and the Chinese economy, we have remained level-headed and taken steps to tackle deep-seated challenges. We focused more on structural readjustment and other long-term problems, and refrained from being distracted by the slight short-term fluctuations of individual indicators. In July and August, electricity consumption, freight volume and other indicators fluctuated somewhat. That was inevitable and within our expectation. It was because the domestic and international economic situation was still complex and volatile and base figures for the second half of last year were relatively high. When observing the Chinese economy, one should not just focus on its short-term performance or the performance of a particular sector. Rather, one should look at the overall trend, the bigger picture and the total score. Judging by the principle of range-based macro-control, we believe the actual economic growth rate is within the proper range, even if it might be slightly higher or lower than the 7.5 percent target. In particular, we should realize that an important goal of maintaining stable growth is to ensure employment, and the floor of the proper range is to ensure relatively adequate employment. As the economic aggregate continues to expand, and in particular, as the service sector develops rapidly, growth will mean more jobs and there will be greater tolerance to fluctuations. We should also be clear that China's economy is highly resilient and has much potential and ample space to grow, and we have a full range of tools of macro-control at our disposal. The measures we have taken are good both for now and for longer-term interests, and will therefore enable us to prevent major fluctuations and make a "hard landing" even less possible. However, this is not denying that our development faces difficulties and challenges. On the contrary, we are indeed confronted with enormous difficulties and challenges. |
| 今年后四個月，我們將統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風險，不斷完善和創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，在區(qū)間調(diào)控的基礎(chǔ)上加強定向調(diào)控，推進結(jié)構(gòu)性改革與調(diào)整，抱定壯士斷腕、背水一戰(zhàn)的決心，推動牽一發(fā)而動全身的重點改革，著眼解決長遠問題。一是繼續(xù)從政府自身革命做起，進一步加大簡政放權(quán)力度，深化財稅改革，推進預(yù)算管理制度改革，使公共資金公平有效使用，繼續(xù)擴大支持服務(wù)業(yè)尤其是研發(fā)企業(yè)發(fā)展的“營改增”試點；深化金融改革，推進民營銀行試點工作，清理規(guī)范金融業(yè)準入限制，推進多層次資本市場發(fā)展；深化國有企業(yè)改革；推進價格改革，完善能源產(chǎn)品、藥品和醫(yī)療服務(wù)價格形成機制；深化投資體制改革，推進政府購買服務(wù)、公私合作模式和特許經(jīng)營制度。二是繼續(xù)圍繞破解深層次結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾，進一步增加公共產(chǎn)品有效供給，以帶動有效需求，補上投資短板，擴大居民消費，拓展新的增長領(lǐng)域。三是繼續(xù)用好和盤活財政、金融增量和存量資金，進一步加大對實體經(jīng)濟和新興產(chǎn)業(yè)、新興業(yè)態(tài)的支持，更多惠及“三農(nóng)”、小微企業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)等。通過我們的努力，把“改革的紅利”轉(zhuǎn)化為“發(fā)展新動能”、“民生新福祉”。中國有信心、有能力、也有條件不斷克服困難，實現(xiàn)今年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的主要預(yù)期目標。 | In the four months ahead, we will coordinate the efforts to stabilize growth, promote reform, readjust the structure, improve people's livelihoods and prevent risks. We will continue to improve and innovate in the thinking and approaches of macro-control, strengthen targeted macro-control on the basis of range-based macro-control, promote structural reform and readjustments, carry out reforms in key areas of systemic importance with every determination to forge ahead and focus on addressing long-term problems. First, we will continue to press ahead with revolutionizing the government itself and further intensify efforts to streamline administration and delegate powers. We will deepen fiscal and taxation reform, promote reform of the budgetary management system so as to use public funds in an equitable and effective way, and continue to expand the pilot programs for business tax to VAT reform which is conducive to the development of the service sector, particularly the R&D companies. We will deepen financial reform, promote the pilot programs for non-state owned banks, sort out and standardize the limit requirements on access to the financial sector and develop a multi-tiered capital market. We will deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises. We will deepen price reform and improve the pricing mechanisms for energy products, medicine and medical services. We will deepen reform of the investment system and implement government purchase of service contracting, public-private cooperation models and franchise operation system. Second, we will continue to focus on tackling the deep-seated structural problems, further increase the effective supply of public goods to generate effective demand, strengthen weak links in investment, increase household consumption and nurture new growth areas. Third, we will continue to ensure efficient use of both the existing and the increase of fiscal and financial resources and further scale up support for the real economy and emerging industries and businesses, for the greater benefit of rural areas, agriculture and farmers, as well as micro-businesses and the service sector. These efforts are aimed at turning the gains of reform into new dynamism of development that would bring more benefit to the people. We have all the confidence, ability and resources to overcome the difficulties and realize the major goals of China's economic and social development in 2014. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 中國還是一個發(fā)展中國家，必須始終堅持以經(jīng)濟建設(shè)為中心。發(fā)展是硬道理，是解決一切問題的根本。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式不轉(zhuǎn)變不行，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展不適度也不行。當然，我們所說的發(fā)展，是就業(yè)和收入增加的發(fā)展，是質(zhì)量效益提高和節(jié)能環(huán)保的發(fā)展，也就是符合經(jīng)濟規(guī)律、社會規(guī)律和自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)發(fā)展。 | China is still a developing country. We must give top priority to economic development. Only development will deliver progress. Ultimately, it is only development that will resolve all the problems in China. We cannot advance without changing the growth model, nor can we advance without adequate development. Of course, the development we pursue should be one that promotes employment, increases incomes, improves economic performance and boosts energy conservation and environmental protection. It should be scientific development, namely, sound and balanced development that is in keeping with the laws governing economic activities, social development and nature. |
| 當前，世界經(jīng)濟不穩(wěn)定不確定因素依然較多，中國經(jīng)濟正處于深層次矛盾凸顯和“三期疊加”的階段，到了爬坡過坎的關(guān)鍵時候。下半年和今后一段時間，我們將進一步加快經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變，以結(jié)構(gòu)性改革促進結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整，用好創(chuàng)新這把“金鑰匙”，著力推進體制創(chuàng)新和科技創(chuàng)新，使中國經(jīng)濟保持中高速增長、邁向中高端水平，創(chuàng)造價值，打造中國經(jīng)濟升級版。 | Currently, there are many destabilizing and uncertain factors in the global economy, and China's economic development also faces an array of overlapping and deep-seated problems. It is in a critical stage where its path upward is particularly steep. In the latter half of the year and beyond, we will further accelerate the transformation of the development model, push forward structural readjustment through structural reform, make good use of the "golden key" of innovation and promote institutional innovation as well as innovation in science and technology. By so doing, we will be able to maintain a medium-high growth rate, move toward medium-high level of development, create more value and upgrade the Chinese economy. |
| 加快體制機制創(chuàng)新步伐。中國經(jīng)濟每一回破繭成蝶，靠的都是創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新不單是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，更包括體制機制創(chuàng)新、管理創(chuàng)新、模式創(chuàng)新。中國30多年來改革開放本身就是規(guī)模宏大的創(chuàng)新行動，今后創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的巨大潛能依然蘊藏在體制改革之中。試想，13億人口中有8、9億的勞動者，如果他們都投入創(chuàng)業(yè)和創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造，這將是巨大的力量。關(guān)鍵是要進一步解放思想，進一步解放和發(fā)展社會創(chuàng)造力，進一步激發(fā)企業(yè)和市場活力，破除一切束縛發(fā)展的體制機制障礙，讓每個有創(chuàng)業(yè)意愿的人都擁有自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的空間，讓創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造的血液在全社會自由流動，讓自我發(fā)展的精神在群眾中蔚然成風。借改革創(chuàng)新的“東風”，在中國960萬平方公里土地上掀起一個“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”、“草根創(chuàng)業(yè)”的新浪潮，中國人民勤勞智慧的“自然稟賦”就會充分發(fā)揮，中國經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展的“發(fā)動機”就會更新?lián)Q代升級。 | We will accelerate the pace of institutional innovation. Innovation has been the ultimate cause of the leapfrog development of the Chinese economy. China's innovation involves not only technology but more of institution, management and growth models. China's reform and opening-up for the past three decades and more has in itself been a huge innovation drive, and the huge, untapped potential of innovation and development in the future still lies in institutional reform. Just imagine how big a force it could be when the 800 or 900 million laborers among the 1.3 billion population are engaged in entrepreneurship, innovation and creation. I believe the key to realizing that is to further liberate our mind, further liberate and develop the creativity of society, further energize businesses and the market, and remove all institutional obstacles to development so that everyone interested in starting a business is given more space for entrepreneurship and the blood of innovation could flow unhampered in a society where everyone is full of the spirit of self-development. When reform and innovation fuels the massive wave of entrepreneurship by the people and at the grassroots level on the land of the 9.6 million square kilometers of China, the enormous power of the diligent and resourceful Chinese people will be fully unlocked and the engine driving China's sustained economic development will constantly regenerate itself and remain powerful. |
| 中國全面深化改革未有窮期，政府帶頭自我革命，“開弓沒有回頭箭”。我們將繼續(xù)深化行政管理體制改革，力爭用更短的時間完成取消和下放行政審批事項的五年任務(wù)，釋放市場潛能和發(fā)展動力。如果說簡政放權(quán)是“先手棋”，那么制度建設(shè)就是“連環(huán)炮”。一方面，要拿出“權(quán)力清單”，政府應(yīng)該干什么，“法無授權(quán)不可為”，這樣才能防止公權(quán)濫用，減少尋租現(xiàn)象，使政府真正履行為人民、為大眾服務(wù)的職責。另一方面，要給出“負面清單”，企業(yè)不能干什么，“法無禁止皆可為”，這樣才能形成公開透明、預(yù)期穩(wěn)定的制度安排，促進企業(yè)活力充分迸發(fā)。還有一方面，就是要拿出“責任清單”，政府該怎么管市場，“法定責任必須為”，以建立和維護誠信經(jīng)營、公平競爭的市場環(huán)境，激發(fā)企業(yè)動力，鼓勵創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造。政府要加強事中事后監(jiān)管，當好市場秩序的“裁判員”和改革創(chuàng)新的“守護者”。“只有拔掉雜草，稻谷才能長得茂盛”。寬容違法者，就是對守法者的不公，甚至會導(dǎo)致“劣幣驅(qū)逐良幣”的現(xiàn)象。對假冒偽劣、坑蒙拐騙、竊取商業(yè)機密等行為，不管是國內(nèi)企業(yè)還是國外企業(yè)，都要一視同仁依法加以懲治。保護知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，就是保護發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的火種、維護創(chuàng)新者的權(quán)益。對嚴重侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的行為，要依法嚴懲，包括實行巨額賠償懲罰，使違法者付出難以承受的代價，為創(chuàng)新助力。 | China's effort to comprehensively deepen reform is an ongoing process. The government is taking the lead in conducting a "self-targeted revolution". Just like an arrow shot, there will be no turning back. We will deepen the reform in the administrative approval system. We hope to complete the task of removing and delegating items subject to government approval, originally planned for five years, in a shorter period of time. This is to unleash the potential of the market and the driving force for development. If streamlining administration and delegating power is like taking a proactive move in the chess game, then introducing new systems is like a "serial blast". On the one hand, we should provide the list of government powers which defines the scope of what the government should do. Items not found on the list will be deemed as not permissible. Only in this way could we prevent the abuse of government power, reduce rent-seeking and ensure that the government better performs its duty of serving the people. On the other, a negative list should be formulated which defines areas off-limits to businesses. Items not found on the list will be deemed as permissible. Only by so doing could we build open and transparent systematic arrangements with stable expectations and bring about enterprises' vitality to the fullest extent. Moreover, we should formulate a list of government responsibilities to define how the government should regulate the market. All items on the list should be fulfilled by the government. Only by so doing could we build and sustain a market environment that favors honest operations and fair play, energizes businesses and encourages innovation and creativity. The government should enhance ongoing and ex-post oversight and perform its role well both as a referee of the market order and as a guardian of reform and innovation. As a saying goes, only by weeding out the barnyard grass can rice grow properly. Being lenient to law breakers is tantamount to doing wrong to law abiding people. It could even result in "bad money driving out the good". We will mete out stringent punishment to companies, domestic or foreign, that are involved in producing counterfeit, fake and shoddy products, engaging in fraud and deception, and stealing trade secrets. Protecting intellectual property rights is in fact protecting the kindling of innovation and creativity and the rights and interests of innovators. We will penalize serious IPR infringement to the fullest extent in accordance with the law, including imposing heavy fines to make law breakers pay insufferable prices, so as to propel innovation. |
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