(4)不譯:不譯或省略翻譯是在確切表達(dá)原文內(nèi)容的前提下使譯文簡(jiǎn)練,合乎漢語(yǔ)規(guī)范,決不是任意省略某些介詞。
① 表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的英語(yǔ)介詞,譯成漢語(yǔ)如出現(xiàn)在句首,大都不譯。如:
There are four seasons in a year. 一年有四季。
Many water power stations have been built in the country. 我國(guó)已建成許多水電站。
② 有些介詞如for(為了),from(從…),to(對(duì)…),on(在…時(shí))等,可以不譯。如:
The barometer is a good instrument for measuring air pressure. 氣壓計(jì)是測(cè)量氣壓的好儀器。
The air was removed from between the two pipes. 兩根管子之間的空氣已經(jīng)抽出。
Answers to questions 2 and 3 may be obtained in the laboratory. 問(wèn)題2和3的答案可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里得到。
Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling. 大多數(shù)物質(zhì)熱脹冷縮。
③ 表示與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)的某一方面、范圍或內(nèi)容的介詞有時(shí)不譯,可把介詞的賓語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)。如:
Something has gone wrong with the engine. 這臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。
Gold is similar in color to brass. 金子的顏色和黃銅相似。
It’s never occurred to me that bats are really guided by their ears. 我從未想到蝙蝠居然是靠耳朵引路的。
④ 不少of介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作定語(yǔ)。其中of(…的)往往不譯。如:
The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors. 電能變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能是通過(guò)電動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 (of短語(yǔ)和change在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系,可譯成立謂結(jié)構(gòu)。)
Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below. 現(xiàn)將陰極射線的一些特性開列如下。(第一個(gè)of短語(yǔ)和some在邏輯上有部分關(guān)系,of不譯出。)
(5)反譯:在不少情況下,有的介詞短語(yǔ)如不從反面著筆,譯文就不通,這時(shí)必須反譯。如:
① beyond, past,against等表示超過(guò)某限度的能力或反對(duì)……時(shí),其短語(yǔ)有時(shí)用反譯法。如:
It is post repair. 這東西無(wú)法修補(bǔ)了。
There are some arguments against the possibility of life on this planet. 有些論據(jù)不同意這行星上可能有生物。
Radio telescopes have been able to probe space beyond the range of ordinary optical telescopes. 射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡已能探測(cè)普通光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡達(dá)不到的宇宙空間。
② off, from等表示地點(diǎn)、距離時(shí),有時(shí)有反譯法。如:
The boat sank off the coast. 這只船在離海岸不遠(yuǎn)處沉沒(méi)了。
③ but,except,besides等表示除去、除外時(shí),有時(shí)用反譯法。
Copper is the best conductor but silver. 銅是僅次于銀的最優(yōu)導(dǎo)體。
The mdelecular formula, C6H14, does not show anything except the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms. 分子式C6H14只用來(lái)表示碳原子和氫原子的總數(shù)。
④ from,in等介詞短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)用反譯法。如:
An iron case will keep the Earths magnetic field away from the compass. 鐵箱能使地球磁場(chǎng)影響不了指南針。
The signal was shown about the machine being order. 信號(hào)表明機(jī)器設(shè)有毛病。
“一個(gè)詞脫離上下文是不能翻譯的”(索伯列夫),沒(méi)有上下文就沒(méi)有詞義。介詞的翻譯須根據(jù)上下文和詞的搭配靈活處理,切忌作對(duì)號(hào)入座的機(jī)械翻譯。
(來(lái)源:旺旺英語(yǔ))
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