2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃報告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's economic, social development plan (2014)
0 
調(diào)整字號大小: 
|
|
| 2014年3月5日上午，第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議在人民大會堂開幕。[中國網(wǎng) 鄭亮 攝] The second session of China's 12th National People's Congress (NPC) opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2014. [Zheng Liang/China.org.cn] |
![2014年3月5日上午，第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議在人民大會堂開幕。[中國網(wǎng) 鄭亮 攝]](http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1007/20140317/001ec949ff5c1490a9680e.jpg "2014年3月5日上午，第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議在人民大會堂開幕。[中國網(wǎng) 鄭亮 攝]")
|
關(guān)于2013年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃草案的報告 |
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2013 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2014 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT |
|
——2014年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議上 |
Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress |
|
國家發(fā)展和改革委員會 |
National Development and Reform Commission |
|
目 錄 |
Contents |
| 一、2013年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況 | I. Implementation of the 2013 Plan for National Economic and Social Development |
| 二、2014年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的總體要求、主要目標(biāo)和政策取向 | II. General Requirements and Major Targets and Policies for Economic and Social Development in 2014 |
| 三、2014年經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的主要任務(wù) | III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2014 |
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 受國務(wù)院委托，現(xiàn)將2013年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況與2014年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃草案提請十二屆全國人大二次會議審議，并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出意見。 | The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the implementation of the 2013 plan and on the 2014 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). |
| 一、2013年國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃執(zhí)行情況 | I. Implementation of the 2013 Plan for National Economic and Social Development |
| 2013年，面對錯綜復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外形勢，各地區(qū)、各部門按照黨中央、國務(wù)院的決策部署，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調(diào)，堅持統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、促改革，堅持宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、微觀政策要活、社會政策要托底的有機統(tǒng)一，依據(jù)十二屆全國人大一次會議審議批準(zhǔn)的國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展計劃，扎實做好各方面工作，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展實現(xiàn)了良好開局，計劃執(zhí)行情況總體是好的。 | In the face of the complex domestic and international situations in 2013, all regions and government departments adhered to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability; to the policy of maintaining stable growth, making structural adjustments and advancing reform; and to the requirement that our macro policies be stable, micro policies be flexible and social policies meet people's basic needs in accordance with the policies and plans of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council. They did all their work well on the basis of the Plan for National Economic and Social Development approved at the First Session of the Twelfth NPC. As a result, economic and social development got off to a good start and overall implementation of the plan was good. |
| （一）經(jīng)濟運行處于合理區(qū)間。保持政策定力，創(chuàng)新調(diào)控思路和調(diào)控方式，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展穩(wěn)中有進、穩(wěn)中向好。 |
1. The economy performed within a proper range. We did not waver on our policy. We created new ideas and methods of control. As a result, economic and social development progressed and improved steadily. |
| 一是經(jīng)濟運行總體平穩(wěn)。初步核算，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值56.88萬億元，增長7.7%，完成預(yù)期目標(biāo)。全國公共財政收入12.91萬億元，增長10.1%，財政赤字1.2萬億元。全年新增人民幣貸款8.89萬億元，年末廣義貨幣供應(yīng)量（M2）增長13.6%。規(guī)模以上工業(yè)企業(yè)實現(xiàn)利潤6.28萬億元，比上年增長12.2%。重點領(lǐng)域、重要時段煤電油氣運需求得到較好保障。 | First, the economy as a whole was stable. Preliminary assessments indicate that China's GDP reached 56.88 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year and in full accord with the targeted figure. China's government revenue increased by 10.1% to 12.91 trillion yuan and the deficit was 1.2 trillion yuan. RMB loans for the year increased by 8.89 trillion yuan. At year' s end, the broad money supply (M2) rose 13.6%. Profits of industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations reached 6.28 trillion yuan, an increase of 12.2% over the previous year. Demand for coal, electricity, petroleum, gas, and transport was satisfactorily met in critical areas and at important times. |
| 二是內(nèi)需繼續(xù)成為增長主動力。社會消費品零售總額23.78萬億元，增長13.1%，一些新的消費模式和消費領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出巨大活力，電子商務(wù)市場交易額超過10萬億元，增長25%以上。全社會固定資產(chǎn)投資44.71萬億元，增長19.3%。民間投資增長23.1%，占固定資產(chǎn)投資（不含農(nóng)戶）比重達到63%，比上年提高1.8個百分點。內(nèi)需對經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻率達到104.4%。 | Second, domestic demand continued to be the main driving force of growth. Retail sales of consumer goods totaled 23.78 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.1%. A number of new forms and areas of consumption were very vigorous, and the value of e-commerce transactions exceeded ten trillion yuan, an increase of more than 25%. China's total investment in fixed assets amounted to 44.71 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.3%. Private investment increased by 23.1% and accounted for 63% of the investment in fixed assets (excluding investment by rural households), 1.8 percentage points higher than the previous year. The contribution of domestic demand to economic growth reached 104.4%. |
| 三是物價總水平基本穩(wěn)定。全年居民消費價格上漲2.6%，控制在預(yù)期目標(biāo)范圍內(nèi)。重要商品的收儲、投放和進出口調(diào)節(jié)工作有序開展。生豬、蔬菜市場價格政策性保險試點積極推進。價格收費檢查和反價格壟斷執(zhí)法力度加大，全年共查處價格違法案件3.44萬起，實施經(jīng)濟制裁31.25億元。 | Third, overall price levels were basically stable. Consumer prices for the year rose 2.6%, within the targeted range. The work of purchasing, storing and releasing important commodities and of adjusting their imports and exports proceeded in good order. Trials of a policy-based insurance system for the market prices of hogs and vegetables were energetically carried out. We intensified inspection of prices and fees and law enforcement against monopolistic pricing, and handled 34,400 cases of pricing violations for the year and assessed fines totaling 3.125 billion yuan. |
| （二）結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整取得新進展。突出重點，有扶有控，著力提質(zhì)增效升級，為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展增添后勁。 |
2. Progress was made in structural adjustment. We stressed priorities, supported some areas while restricting others, and strove to raise the quality and returns of development and promote industrial upgrading in order to enhance the sustainability of economic development. |
| 一是產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整穩(wěn)步推進。技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和培育新興產(chǎn)業(yè)成效顯著。研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例達到2.09%，完成預(yù)期目標(biāo)。嫦娥三號探測器、神舟十號載人飛船、蛟龍?zhí)栞d人深潛器等重大創(chuàng)新成果舉世矚目。節(jié)能環(huán)保、新一代信息技術(shù)、新能源、高端裝備制造、新材料等戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展加快，第四代移動通信開始大規(guī)模商用。高技術(shù)制造業(yè)增加值增長11.8%，比規(guī)模以上工業(yè)增加值增速高2.1個百分點。傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級加快，化解產(chǎn)能過剩矛盾力度加大。下發(fā)了堅決遏制產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩行業(yè)盲目擴張的通知，出臺了化解產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩矛盾的指導(dǎo)意見和配套政策措施，著力化解鋼鐵、水泥、電解鋁、平板玻璃、船舶等行業(yè)產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過剩矛盾。服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境優(yōu)化。出臺了促進信息消費、養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)、健康服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展等政策意見和全國物流園區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，繼續(xù)推進服務(wù)業(yè)綜合改革試點，服務(wù)業(yè)增加值增長8.3%，占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重達到46.1%，首次超過第二產(chǎn)業(yè)?；A(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展。新建鐵路投產(chǎn)里程5586公里，其中高速鐵路1672公里；新建公路里程7.03萬公里，其中高速公路8260公里；建成萬噸級以上泊位110個；新增民航通航機場10個。能源生產(chǎn)保持穩(wěn)定，原煤、原油、天然氣產(chǎn)量分別增長0.8%、1.8%和9.4%，能源結(jié)構(gòu)進一步優(yōu)化，非化石能源占一次能源消費比重9.8%，比上年提高0.4個百分點。 | First, industrial structural adjustment proceeded steadily. Significant achievements were made in technological innovations and fostering emerging industries. R&D expenses accounted for 2.09% of GDP, hitting the targeted figure. The lunar lander Chang-e 3, the Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft, the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong and other major innovative achievements captured the world's attention. Strategic emerging industries developed quickly, such as energy conservation and environmental protection, next-generation information technology, new energy, high-end equipment manufacturing, and new materials; and we began to put the 4G mobile communications system to commercial operation on a large scale. Value added of high-tech manufacturing industries grew by 11.8%, 2.1 percentage points higher than in industrial enterprises with annual revenue of 20 million yuan or more from their main business operations. We moved faster to transform and update traditional industries and worked harder to solve the problem of excess production capacity. We issued a notice to keep industries with a serious problem of overcapacity from expanding blindly. We issued guidelines and accompanying policies and measures for solving the serious problem of excess production capacity, and put great effort into resolving the problem of overcapacity in the steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, plate glass and shipbuilding industries. We optimized the environment for developing the service sector. We issued policies and guidelines to spur the development of information consumption, elderly services and health services, issued a plan for developing a nationwide network of logistics parks, and continued to carry out comprehensive trial reforms in the service sector. Value added of the service sector increased by 8.3%, and it accounted for 46.1% of GDP, surpassing secondary industry for the first time. Basic industry developed quickly. There were 5,586 kilometers of new railway lines put into operation, of which 1,672 kilometers were high-speed lines. There were 70,300 kilometers of new highways put into service, of which 8,260 kilometers were expressways. We also put into service 110 berths for 10,000-ton class or larger ships and added ten new civilian airports. Power generation was stable, and the output of raw coal, crude oil and natural gas rose by 0.8%, 1.8% and 9.4%, respectively. The mix of energy sources was further improved, and energy generated from non-fossil fuels accounted for 9.8% of primary energy consumption, an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous year. |
| 二是城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化有序推進。認(rèn)真落實強農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)政策，中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資用于“三農(nóng)”建設(shè)的比重超過一半。農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力增強，糧食總產(chǎn)量達到6.02億噸，實現(xiàn)“十連增”，肉蛋奶、果菜魚等農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)穩(wěn)定。農(nóng)業(yè)科技進步貢獻率達到55.2%，比上年提高0.7個百分點。農(nóng)村安全飲水普及率提高到88.5%，新建和改造農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)線路21.1萬公里，新建改建農(nóng)村公路21萬公里，新增農(nóng)村沼氣用戶80萬戶，改造農(nóng)村危房266萬戶。支持建設(shè)糧食收儲倉容440萬噸、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品批發(fā)市場114個。中央對積極穩(wěn)妥推進新型城鎮(zhèn)化作出全面部署，國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃編制基本完成。常住人口城鎮(zhèn)化率為53.73%，比上年提高1.16個百分點。 | Second, the integration of urban and rural development proceeded in an orderly fashion. We conscientiously implemented the policy of boosting agriculture, benefiting farmers and increasing rural prosperity, and more than half of the central government budget allocated for investment was spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Overall agricultural production capacity increased, and total grain production reached 602 million metric tons, the tenth consecutive year of growth. The supply of meat, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables and fish was stable. Advances in agricultural science and technology contributed 55.2% to agricultural development, a rise of 0.7 percentage points over the previous year. The percentage of the rural population with access to safe drinking water reached 88.5%; 211,000 kilometers of rural power lines and 210,000 kilometers of rural roads were either built or upgraded; 800,000 rural households began using methane gas; and 2.66 million dilapidated rural homes were renovated. Grain silos with a capacity of 4.4 million metric tons and 114 wholesale markets for agricultural products were built. The central government made comprehensive arrangements for actively and prudently carrying out a new type of urbanization, and the state plan for new urbanization was basically completed. A total of 53.73% of the population in China were permanent urban residents, an increase of 1.16 percentage points over the previous year. |
| 三是區(qū)域發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強。西部地區(qū)交通、水利、能源等重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得到加強，新開工重點工程20項，投資總規(guī)模3265億元，內(nèi)陸沿邊地區(qū)開發(fā)開放步伐加快。東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興戰(zhàn)略深入推進，城區(qū)老工業(yè)區(qū)搬遷改造試點、獨立工礦區(qū)改造搬遷工程試點啟動實施，全國老工業(yè)基地調(diào)整改造規(guī)劃、資源型城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展規(guī)劃出臺。中部地區(qū)長江中游城市群、中原經(jīng)濟區(qū)發(fā)展的集聚效應(yīng)進一步顯現(xiàn)，承接產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移示范區(qū)建設(shè)進展順利。東部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級加快，海洋經(jīng)濟發(fā)展試點有序推進。主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃深入實施。區(qū)域合作和對口支援順利推進，對革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的支持繼續(xù)加大，集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)區(qū)域發(fā)展與扶貧攻堅規(guī)劃順利實施。玉樹災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建任務(wù)全面完成，四川蘆山和甘肅岷縣漳縣地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建進展順利。 | Third, development in different regions became better balanced. In the western region, construction on transportation, water conservancy, energy and other major infrastructure projects was strengthened; construction began on 20 key projects, with a total investment of 326.5 billion yuan; and the pace of development and opening up of inland and border areas was accelerated. We deepened the execution of the strategy to invigorate northeast China and other old industrial bases, launched pilot programs to relocate and upgrade old urban industrial areas as well as independent industrial and mining areas, and introduced the Plan for Transforming and Upgrading Old Industrial Bases Nationwide and the Plan for Sustainable Development of Resource-Dependent Cities. In central China, the city clusters gathered in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Central Plains Economic Zone are having a greater magnet effect, and construction on demonstration zones posed to carry on relocated industries proceeded smoothly. In the eastern region, industrial transformation and upgrading picked up speed and the pilot project to develop the marine economy proceeded in an orderly way. The plan to develop functional zones was implemented thoroughly. Smooth progress was made in cooperation between regions and pairing assistance. We continued to increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas. We smoothly carried out the plan for development and poverty alleviation in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. Post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Yushu were brought to closure and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Lushan, Sichuan Province, and Min and Zhang counties, Gansu Province, registered steady progress. |
| 四是節(jié)能減排和環(huán)境保護步伐加快。國家適應(yīng)氣候變化戰(zhàn)略、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略及近期行動計劃、加快發(fā)展節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)的意見發(fā)布實施，大氣污染防治行動計劃頒布施行。重點領(lǐng)域和重點企業(yè)節(jié)能減排積極推進，重點流域和區(qū)域水環(huán)境綜合治理扎實開展。天然林資源保護、京津風(fēng)沙源治理、石漠化治理、退耕還林、退牧還草等生態(tài)建設(shè)深入推進，完成造林面積609萬公頃。資源節(jié)約利用和環(huán)境保護各項指標(biāo)基本實現(xiàn)：單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗和二氧化碳排放量分別下降3.7%和4.36%，二氧化硫、化學(xué)需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分別下降3.48%、2.93%、3.14%、4.72%，萬元工業(yè)增加值用水量下降5.7%，城市污水處理率和城市生活垃圾無害化處理率分別達到87.9%和85.8%。積極建設(shè)性參與應(yīng)對氣候變化國際談判和交流合作。 | Fourth, efforts were accelerated to conserve energy, reduce emissions and protect the environment. We issued and implemented the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change, the Strategy and Near-term Action Plan for Developing the Circular Economy, the Guidelines on Accelerating Development of Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Industries, and the Action Plan for Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution. We worked to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas and enterprises and made steady progress in comprehensively improving the water environment in key watersheds and areas. We pushed ahead with ecological projects to protect virgin forests, control the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, prevent the spread of stony deserts, and return marginal farmland to forests and grazing land to grasslands, and afforested 6.09 million hectares of land. Targets of energy conservation and environmental protection were basically attained: energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP dropped 3.7% and 4.36%, respectively; emissions of sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides dropped 3.48%, 2.93%, 3.14%, and 4.72%, respectively; water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added by industry decreased 5.7%; and the percentages of urban sewage treated and urban household waste safely handled reached 87.9% and 85.8%, respectively. We played an active and constructive part in international talks and communication and cooperation on responding to climate change. |
| （三）改革開放力度加大。經(jīng)濟體制改革全面推進，為穩(wěn)增長和調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造良好體制機制環(huán)境。 |
3. Reform and opening up were intensified. We comprehensively advanced economic structural reform and created sound systems and mechanisms for maintaining stable growth and carrying out structural adjustments. |
| 一是行政體制改革成效明顯。國務(wù)院機構(gòu)改革順利進行，行政審批制度改革深入開展，取消和下放416項行政審批等事項，出臺了嚴(yán)格控制新設(shè)行政許可的措施。政府向社會力量購買服務(wù)的指導(dǎo)意見發(fā)布實施。公司注冊資本登記制度改革加快推進。不動產(chǎn)統(tǒng)一登記制度開始建立。 | First, we obtained significant results in reforming administrative systems. We smoothly advanced institutional reform of the State Council, thoroughly reformed the system of government review and approval, eliminated or delegated 416 items that required review and approval, and implemented strict measures to control the issuance of new administrative permits for items. We unveiled and implemented the guidelines on government purchase of social services. We accelerated reform of the registration system for registered capital. Initial steps were taken to establish a registration system for immovable property. |
| 二是財稅金融改革深入推進。交通運輸業(yè)和部分現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)營改增試點在全國推開，全年減輕企業(yè)稅負(fù)超過1400億元。提高小微企業(yè)增值稅和營業(yè)稅起征點，600多萬戶企業(yè)受益。貸款利率管制全面放開。中小企業(yè)股份轉(zhuǎn)讓系統(tǒng)試點擴大至全國。信貸資產(chǎn)證券化試點擴大。新股發(fā)行體制改革、加強中小投資者權(quán)益保護等指導(dǎo)意見出臺。創(chuàng)新了企業(yè)債券品種和審批方式。 | Second, we deepened reform of the fiscal, tax, and financial systems. A pilot project was carried out across the country to replace business tax with VAT in the transportation industry and some modern service industries. We reduced the tax burden of businesses by more than 140 billion yuan for the year. We raised VAT and business tax thresholds for small and micro businesses, benefiting more than six million businesses. We lifted controls on interest rates on all loans. The trial for implementing the National Equities and Exchange Quotations was extended to all parts of the country. Trials of securitizing credit assets were expanded. We introduced guidelines on reforming IPO and better protecting the rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors. We created new corporate bonds as well as new review and approval methods. |
| 三是投資體制改革取得積極進展。重新修訂政府核準(zhǔn)的投資項目目錄，需報中央管理層面核準(zhǔn)的企業(yè)投資項目減少60%。改進中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資補助貼息管理辦法，下放了31類點多面廣量大單項資金少的中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資補助貼息項目安排權(quán)。鐵路投融資體制改革深入推進。對民間投資36條及42項實施細(xì)則落實情況進行了第三方評估，鼓勵民間投資健康發(fā)展的政策措施進一步落實和完善。 | Third, we made positive progress in reforming the investment system. We revised the list of investment projects requiring government examination and approval and reduced the investment projects subject to central government examination and approval by 60%. We improved management of subsidies and discounts for investments from the central government budget, and delegated the authority to grant subsidies and discounts for 31 types of such investment projects that cover a wide range of areas, are large in number, or require less funding individually. We deepened reform of the investment and financing system for the railway industry. We arranged a third-party assessment of the implementation of the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Private Investment, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage the sound development of private investment. |
| 四是資源性產(chǎn)品價格形成機制不斷完善。推出成品油價格形成新機制，出臺了支持油品質(zhì)量升級的價格政策，調(diào)整了非居民用天然氣門站價格，提高了可再生能源電價附加和環(huán)保電價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，完善核電、水電和光伏發(fā)電上網(wǎng)電價機制，順利實現(xiàn)電煤價格并軌。 | Fourth, we constantly improved the pricing mechanism for resource products. We introduced a new pricing mechanism for refined oil products, promulgated pricing policies to support the upgrading of the quality of processed oil, and adjusted city gate prices for consumption of natural gas by nonresidents. We raised the surcharge on electricity generated from renewable energy sources and the prices for electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities; improved the pricing mechanisms for on-grid electricity generated from nuclear, hydro and photovoltaic power; and successfully abolished the dual-pricing system for coal used to generate electricity. |
| 五是農(nóng)村改革積極推進。全國農(nóng)村集體土地所有權(quán)確權(quán)登記頒證工作基本完成，農(nóng)村土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)確權(quán)登記試點范圍擴大到105個縣（市、區(qū)）。國有林場改革試點在7個省展開。 | Fifth, we actively advanced rural reforms. We basically completed the work of determining, registering and certifying rural collective land ownership nationwide, and extended the trials of determining and registering contracted rural land-use rights to 105 counties, county-level cities and districts. We carried out trial reforms of state-owned forestry farms in seven provinces. |
| 六是社會領(lǐng)域改革穩(wěn)步開展。深化收入分配制度改革的若干意見發(fā)布實施。28個?。▍^(qū)、市）啟動實施城鄉(xiāng)居民大病保險試點，縣級公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點擴大到1000多家。前兩批非時政類報刊出版單位轉(zhuǎn)企改制試點基本完成。食品藥品監(jiān)管體制進一步完善。 | Sixth, we made steady progress in social reforms. We issued guidelines for implementation on deepening reform of the income distribution system. We launched a pilot program of insurance against major diseases for rural and non-working urban residents in 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and carried out trials on comprehensive reform in over 1,000 county-level public hospitals. The first two groups of publishers of newspapers and periodicals that do not cover current political affairs basically completed their trial reform to become businesses. The food and drug oversight and supervision systems improved. |
| 與此同時，國有企業(yè)和重點行業(yè)改革繼續(xù)深化，黑龍江省“兩大平原”現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)綜合配套改革試驗啟動實施，對11個國家綜合配套改革試驗區(qū)進行了第三方評估和自評估。 | In addition, we continued to deepen reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and key industries. We launched comprehensive coordinated trial reforms to develop modern agriculture in the Sanjiang and Songnen plains of Heilongjiang Province, and arranged third-party assessments and self-assessments of 11 national experimental zones for comprehensive coordinated reforms. |
| 對外開放繼續(xù)深化。外貿(mào)進出口總額增長7.6%，比上年加快1.4個百分點。全年非金融類外商直接投資1176億美元，增長5.3%，服務(wù)業(yè)實際使用外資比重首次過半，外商投資加快向中西部地區(qū)梯度轉(zhuǎn)移。非金融類境外直接投資902億美元，增長16.8%。中國上海自由貿(mào)易試驗區(qū)掛牌運行。推動世貿(mào)組織多哈回合談判達成“早期收獲”協(xié)議，與冰島、瑞士簽署自貿(mào)協(xié)定。積極落實絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶、21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想，協(xié)調(diào)推進孟中印緬經(jīng)濟走廊、中巴經(jīng)濟走廊建設(shè)。 | We opened further to the outside world. China's total imports and exports increased by 7.6%, 1.4 percentage points higher than the previous year. Non-financial foreign direct investment actually utilized in 2013 totaled US$117.6 billion, up 5.3%. Foreign investment in service industries utilized exceeded half of their total for the first time. Foreign investment moved faster to the central and western regions. China's non-financial outward direct investment reached $90.2 billion, up 16.8%. The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was opened. We helped reach an early harvest agreement in the WTO Doha Round of negotiations, and concluded free trade agreements with Switzerland and Iceland. We actively implemented the strategic concepts of establishing a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century maritime Silk Road, and promoted balanced development of the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. |
| （四）人民生活繼續(xù)改善。加大投入力度，完善政策措施，促進經(jīng)濟社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。 |
4. The people's living standards improved. We increased investment and improved policies and measures to promote coordinated economic and social development. |
| 一是就業(yè)保持總體穩(wěn)定。城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1310萬人，年末城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率4.05%，超額完成預(yù)期目標(biāo)。高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)扶持政策得到較好落實，面向就業(yè)困難人員的就業(yè)援助制度進一步健全，公共就業(yè)服務(wù)設(shè)施建設(shè)繼續(xù)推進。 | First, employment remained stable on the whole. An additional 13.1 million urban jobs were created, and the urban registered unemployment rate stood at 4.05% at the end of 2013, exceeding expected targets. The policy for supporting college graduates in finding jobs or starting their own businesses was satisfactorily implemented, the employment assistance system for people having difficulty finding jobs was improved, and public employment service facilities continued to improve. |
| 二是居民收入繼續(xù)增長。城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入和農(nóng)村居民人均純收入分別實際增長7%和9.3%。農(nóng)村居民收入增速連續(xù)4年快于城鎮(zhèn)居民，農(nóng)村貧困人口減少1650萬人，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距繼續(xù)縮小。 | Second, personal income increased. Urban per capita disposable income rose by 7% in real terms and rural per capita net income increased by 9.3% in real terms. Rural income growth surpassed urban income growth for the fourth consecutive year, the number of rural residents living in poverty decreased by 16.5 million, and the gap between urban and rural incomes continued to narrow. |
| 三是社會保障制度覆蓋面不斷擴大?；攫B(yǎng)老保險和醫(yī)療保險制度的城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌加快推進，城鄉(xiāng)低保制度進一步規(guī)范，臨時救助制度在26個省份建立。社會救助和保障標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與物價上漲掛鉤的聯(lián)動機制得到完善。年末參加城鎮(zhèn)基本養(yǎng)老和新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險人數(shù)分別達到3.46億人和4.74億人，增加2083萬人和1082萬人。企業(yè)退休人員基本養(yǎng)老金水平提高10%，城鎮(zhèn)居民醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合參保財政補助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由每人每年240元提高到280元。 | Third, social security coverage expanded. We accelerated the coordination of basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance in urban and rural areas in an overall manner, further standardized the subsistence allowance systems for urban and rural residents, and established temporary assistance systems in 26 provincial-level administrative areas. We improved the mechanism that increases social assistance and social security benefits to offset the effects of inflation. By the end of 2013, 346 million urban residents had joined the basic old-age insurance system, and 474 million rural residents had joined the new type of rural old-age insurance system, an increase of 20.83 million and 10.82 million, respectively. Basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees increased by 10%. Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical care system were raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person. |
| 四是教育事業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。農(nóng)村學(xué)前教育推進工程繼續(xù)實施，義務(wù)教育學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)深入推進，貧困地區(qū)義務(wù)教育薄弱學(xué)校基本辦學(xué)條件持續(xù)改善。進城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女接受義務(wù)教育后在當(dāng)?shù)貐⒓由龑W(xué)考試政策得到較好落實。農(nóng)村學(xué)生上重點高校比例提升。九年義務(wù)教育鞏固率92.3%，提高0.5個百分點；高中階段教育毛入學(xué)率86%，提高1個百分點；普通高等學(xué)校招生699.8萬人，研究生招生77.9萬人，其中全日制研究生招生61.1萬人。 | Fourth, education developed steadily. We continued to promote preschool education in rural areas, intensified the standardization of compulsory education schools, and steadily improved the basic conditions of poorly built and run schools providing compulsory education in poor areas. We effectively implemented the policy to grant children who live in urban areas with their rural migrant worker parents the same eligibility to go to secondary school or college as local students after receiving compulsory education. The ratio of rural students admitted to key colleges and universities is on the increase. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education was 92.3%, up 0.5 percentage points over the previous year; the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 86%, up one percentage point; and regular undergraduate and graduate enrollment totaled 6.998 million and 779,000, respectively, including 611,000 full-time graduates. |
| 五是醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系繼續(xù)完善。公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系、醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系、計劃生育服務(wù)體系、全科醫(yī)生培養(yǎng)基地和醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生信息化建設(shè)得到加強。人均基本公共衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從25元提高到30元。每千人口醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)床位數(shù)4.55張，增長7.3%。人口自然增長率4.92‰，實現(xiàn)計劃目標(biāo)。 | Fifth, the medical and health care services systems continued to improve. We strengthened the development of the public health services system, the medical services system, the family planning services system, centers for training general practitioners, and programs to make medical and health care services information-based. We increased annual per capita spending on basic public health services from 25 yuan to 30 yuan. Hospitals and health care institutions had 4.55 beds per 1,000 people, up 7.3%. The natural population growth rate was 4.92 per thousand, which met the planned target. |
| 六是公共文化服務(wù)體系不斷健全。廣播電視村村通、文化信息資源共享等文化惠民工程扎實推進，國家文化和自然遺產(chǎn)保護設(shè)施建設(shè)專項繼續(xù)實施。旅游法和國民旅游休閑綱要出臺，全年旅游總收入2.95萬億元，增長14%。群眾體育保障水平提高，全年新增體育場地5.18萬個。 | Sixth, the public cultural services system constantly improved. We steadily pressed ahead with cultural projects to benefit the people such as the extension of radio and television coverage to all villages and the enjoying of national cultural information resources together, and continued to implement special projects to develop facilities for preserving national cultural and natural heritage sites. The Tourism Law and the National Tourism and Recreation Program were introduced and revenue from tourism totaled 2.95 trillion yuan for the year, an increase of 14% over the previous year. We increased funding for recreational sports, and built 51,800 sports venues for the year. |
| 七是保障性安居工程建設(shè)加快。全年基本建成城鎮(zhèn)保障性安居工程住房544萬套，新開工666萬套，均超過計劃目標(biāo)。 | Seventh, construction on government-subsidized housing picked up speed. Last year we basically completed work on 5.44 million government-subsidized housing units in urban areas and began construction on an additional 6.66 million units, with both numbers exceeding the planned figure. |
| 在國內(nèi)外環(huán)境錯綜復(fù)雜的情況下，經(jīng)濟保持平穩(wěn)發(fā)展，社會大局和諧穩(wěn)定，成績來之不易。這是黨中央、國務(wù)院科學(xué)決策、正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的結(jié)果，是各地區(qū)、各部門齊心協(xié)力、狠抓落實的結(jié)果，是全國各族人民艱苦奮斗、共同努力的結(jié)果。 | In the face of complex situations at home and abroad, we maintained steady economic development and overall social harmony and stability. These hard won achievements can be attributed to the good policymaking and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the concerted efforts and vigorous implementation of all regions and government departments, and the arduous work and joint efforts of the people of all China's ethnic groups. |
| 在看到成績的同時，我們也清醒地認(rèn)識到，經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展還面臨不少矛盾和困難。世界經(jīng)濟繼續(xù)呈緩慢復(fù)蘇態(tài)勢，仍存在不穩(wěn)定不確定因素。國內(nèi)發(fā)展中不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)不可持續(xù)的問題依然突出，穩(wěn)中向好的基礎(chǔ)尚不穩(wěn)固。一是經(jīng)濟增長的動力不足。新的消費增長點不多，投資接續(xù)能力偏弱，出口形勢仍然嚴(yán)峻。二是結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級任務(wù)依然艱巨。部分行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩問題嚴(yán)重，科研成果向生產(chǎn)力轉(zhuǎn)化不足，一些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難。三是制約農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的問題凸顯。資源環(huán)境約束趨緊，農(nóng)田水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施仍然薄弱，現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營體制不完全適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展要求，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本上升、比較效益下降。四是資源消耗和環(huán)境污染問題突出。節(jié)能減排形勢嚴(yán)峻，特別是大范圍多頻次的霧霾天氣，嚴(yán)重影響人民群眾的生活和健康。五是財政金融潛在風(fēng)險不容忽視。部分地方和行業(yè)債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)較重，一些企業(yè)負(fù)債率過高，金融機構(gòu)不良資產(chǎn)有所增加，流動性風(fēng)險管理難度增大。同時，結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)矛盾突出，部分大城市住房價格上漲過快，房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域存在風(fēng)險隱患，食品藥品質(zhì)量、安全生產(chǎn)、收入分配、征地拆遷等方面也存在一些比較突出的問題。對此，我們一定高度重視，切實采取措施，認(rèn)真加以解決。 |
As we look at these achievements, we are also keenly aware that we still face a number of conflicts and difficulties in economic and social development. The world economy continues to recover slowly and is still beset with instability and uncertainty. Domestically, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a serious problem, and the foundation for steady economic growth is not yet firm. First, the impetus for economic growth is not strong. There are few new growth areas of consumption, our ability to make new investment is weak, and the export situation remains grim. Second, the task of improving and upgrading the economic structure is still arduous. The problem of overcapacity is serious in some industries. The transformation of scientific and technological results into productive forces is insufficient. Some enterprises are experiencing difficulties in their production and operations. Third, problems hindering steady agricultural development are prominent. Resource and environmental constraints have tightened; infrastructure for irrigation and water conservancy is still weak; the existing production management system falls short of the development needs of modern agriculture; and agricultural production is not profitable. Fourth, the problems of consumption of resources and environmental pollution are prominent. The tasks of conserving energy and reducing emissions are arduous; in particular, smog frequently engulfs large areas of China and seriously affects people's lives and health. Fifth, hidden fiscal and financial risks cannot be overlooked. The debt burden of some local governments and industries is heavy, some enterprises are too deeply in debt, the nonperforming assets of financial institutions have risen, and liquidity risk management has become more difficult. In addition, the problem of structural unemployment is prominent, housing prices in some large cities are rising too fast, and there are risks and hidden dangers in the real estate market. There are also prominent problems concerning food and drug quality, workplace safety, income distribution, and land expropriation and resettlement. We must take these problems very seriously and adopt measures to resolve them. |
| 跳轉(zhuǎn)至目錄 >> | Back to Contents >> |
Go to Forum >>0 Comment(s)
No comments.
