《2013年中國人權(quán)事業(yè)的進(jìn)展》白皮書
White Paper: Progress in China's Human Rights in 2013
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 七、殘疾人權(quán)利 | VII. Rights of Persons with Disabilities |
| 中國有殘疾人約8500萬。2013年，中國按照殘疾人保障法、《中國殘疾人事業(yè)“十二五”發(fā)展綱要》和《農(nóng)村殘疾人扶貧開發(fā)綱要（2011－2020年）》等，依法、有計劃地發(fā)展殘疾人事業(yè)。同時，認(rèn)真履行《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》，積極落實第三個亞太殘疾人十年（2013－2022）“仁川戰(zhàn)略”，推動殘疾人事業(yè)與經(jīng)濟、社會協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，殘疾人權(quán)利保障的規(guī)范化水平進(jìn)一步提升。 | China has 85 million disabled people. The Chinese government has developed its programs for disabled people in a planned way in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, Program for Disabled Persons during the 12th Five-year Plan and the Outline of Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for Disabled Persons in Rural Areas (2011-2020). In the meantime, it also commits itself to the duties defined in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, actively implements the third Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons (2013-2022)-Incheon Strategy, and promotes the coordinated development of disabled people and socioeconomic progress, so that the protection of disabled persons in China has risen to a higher and more standard level. |
| 殘疾人康復(fù)工作有序開展。按照殘疾人“人人享有康復(fù)服務(wù)”的原則，完善殘疾人康復(fù)工作機制。推動殘疾人康復(fù)機構(gòu)與醫(yī)療機構(gòu)加強合作，構(gòu)建分工協(xié)作、功能互補的三級康復(fù)醫(yī)療體系。制定《0－6歲兒童殘疾篩查工作規(guī)范（試行）》，將殘疾兒童康復(fù)端口前移，建立0－6歲兒童殘疾早期篩查、早期診斷、早期治療、早期康復(fù)的工作機制。深化社區(qū)康復(fù)，推動康復(fù)進(jìn)社區(qū)、服務(wù)到家庭，重點支持2862個社區(qū)康復(fù)示范站建設(shè)。注重家長學(xué)校建設(shè)，2013年已開展家長學(xué)校工作的殘疾人康復(fù)機構(gòu)達(dá)1,131個。實施康復(fù)人才培養(yǎng)“百千萬工程”。2013年全國共培訓(xùn)各級各類管理和專業(yè)技術(shù)人員25.6萬人，其中康復(fù)管理人員2.5萬人，康復(fù)業(yè)務(wù)人員5.5萬人，社區(qū)康復(fù)協(xié)調(diào)員17.7萬人。 | Rehabilitation programs for disabled persons are being carried out in an orderly manner. The Chinese government has improved the work mechanism for disabled persons' rehabilitation, aiming to make sure that every disabled person has access to rehabilitation services. It encourages disability-rehabilitation entities and medical institutions to strengthen their ties so as to establish a three-tier rehabilitation medical system within which the two assume different responsibilities and cooperate closely with mutually complementary abilities. China has enacted the Standards of Screening for Disabilities Among 0-6 Year-old Children (Trial), and, according to which, the rehabilitation of disabled children is moved ahead by establishing an institution of early disability screening, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. At the same time, community rehabilitation is further developed. Rehabilitation services are provided to disabled people inside their communities and homes, with 2,862 community demonstration stations being supported. The role of parent-training schools is emphasized in China. In 2013, 1,131 disability rehabilitation entities conducted the training of the parents of disabled children. The Chinese government launched the "Project of Fostering Hundreds of World Top-notch Rehabilitation Experts, Thousands of Domestic Leading Rehabilitation Specialists and Ten Thousands of Young Rehabilitation Talents," training some 256,000 management and professional personnel at various levels and of various kinds nationwide in 2013, including 25,000 rehabilitation management staff, 55,000 rehabilitation specialists and 177,000 community rehabilitation coordinators. |
| 實施一批重點康復(fù)工程。截至2013年，開展社區(qū)康復(fù)服務(wù)的市轄區(qū)累計達(dá)到901個，縣（市）累計達(dá)到2,014個。2013年，新增169萬殘疾人接受社區(qū)康復(fù)服務(wù)，746.8萬殘疾人得到不同程度康復(fù)。其中，完成白內(nèi)障復(fù)明手術(shù)74.6萬例，為3.2萬名聾兒提供聽力語言康復(fù)訓(xùn)練，為15.3萬名智力殘疾兒童、腦癱兒童和孤獨癥兒童提供機構(gòu)、社區(qū)和家庭指導(dǎo)訓(xùn)練。組織實施貧困肢體殘疾兒童矯治手術(shù)6,721例，麻風(fēng)畸殘矯治手術(shù)418例。584萬精神病患者接受綜合防治康復(fù)服務(wù)，46.9萬名貧困精神病患者獲得醫(yī)療救助。為殘疾人提供輔助器具128.3萬件，其中，國家彩票公益金項目為貧困殘疾人免費提供32.9萬件。 | A series of key rehabilitation projects is being carried out. By 2013 there were 901 city districts and 2,014 counties or county-level cities in China that provided community rehabilitation services. In the same year an additional 1.69 million disabled people enjoyed such services, and 7.468 million disabled people were rehabilitated to various degrees, among whom 746,000 received cataract surgery, 32,000 children with hearing impairments received hearing restoration or language training, and 153,000 children with intellectual disabilities, brain paralysis or autistic disorders received training guidance in rehabilitation institutions and their communities and families. The Chinese government helped 6,721 physically handicapped children from poor families and 418 disabled persons suffering from leprosy to receive surgery, and provided comprehensive rehabilitation services to 5.84 million patients with mental impairments, and provided remedial aid to 469,000 mentally impaired patients in poverty. A total of 1.283 million assistance devices were offered to people with disabilities, among which 329,000 were provided for free by the National Public Welfare Lottery Foundation. |
| 健全殘疾人教育保障機制，促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)。完善殘疾人教育體系，重點解決實名未入學(xué)殘疾兒童的就學(xué)問題，制定《特殊教育提升計劃（2014－2016年）》，擴大義務(wù)教育普及，因地制宜發(fā)展殘疾兒童學(xué)前教育，加快發(fā)展以職業(yè)教育為主的殘疾人高中階段教育，推進(jìn)殘疾人高等教育，加大財政投入力度，加強教師隊伍建設(shè)，深化課程教學(xué)改革。繼續(xù)實施《特殊教育學(xué)校建設(shè)規(guī)劃（二期）》，全年投入中央專項資金8億元，支持27所特殊教育師范院校和殘疾人中、高等學(xué)校建設(shè)。投入中央特教專項補助經(jīng)費5,500萬元，重點支持中西部地區(qū)10個省的薄弱特殊教育學(xué)校建設(shè)。實施殘疾人事業(yè)專項彩票公益金助學(xué)項目，為1萬余人次家庭經(jīng)濟困難殘疾兒童享受普惠性學(xué)前教育提供資助，為全國23所中高等特教院校改善辦學(xué)條件，并加強殘疾學(xué)生實訓(xùn)基地建設(shè)。全國有7,538名殘疾人被普通高等院校錄取。制定《關(guān)于促進(jìn)殘疾人按比例就業(yè)的意見》，加大殘疾人職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)和崗位開發(fā)力度。全年城鎮(zhèn)新增殘疾人就業(yè)36.9萬人，實名培訓(xùn)48萬人；農(nóng)村85.6萬殘疾人接受實用技術(shù)培訓(xùn)。鼓勵和扶持福利企業(yè)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)和平等融入社會。截至2013年，全國共有福利企業(yè)1.8萬個，集中安置54.2萬名殘疾人就業(yè)。 | The system of safeguarding and promoting disabled persons' access to education and employment is being improved, with the emphasis on the enrolment of disabled children who were registered as having not attended school. China has drawn up the Promotion Plan for Special Education (2014-2016), expanded the coverage of compulsory education, developed preschool education for disabled children in different ways according to different local conditions, accelerated the progress of disabled teenagers' senior high school-level education, centering on vocational education, and improved higher-learning education for disabled people. The Chinese government increased financial input, enhanced the quality and quantity of teachers, and further improved curriculum for disabled people. It continued to implement the Plan for Building Special Schools (Phase II), providing 800 million yuan of specialized funds to support the building of 27 normal colleges for special education and middle and higher-learning schools for disabled people. The central government provided another 55 million yuan of special subsidies to strengthen the special school building in ten central and western provinces. A national special disability lottery program was held, raising funds for 10,000 disabled children from poverty-stricken families to have access to preschool education and for 23 special middle or higher-learning schools to improve their teaching facilities and practical training centers. There were 7,538 disabled students enrolled by ordinary institutions of higher-learning in 2013. The government drew up the Opinions on Promoting the Employment of Disabled Persons in Proportion to Total Employment, increasing the skill training opportunities and job posts for disabled people. Over the year, 369,000 disabled people were employed and 480,000 received training in urban areas; in rural areas 856,000 received training in practical skills. The government encouraged and supported welfare enterprises so as to promote the employment of disabled persons and ensure their equal status in society. By 2013, there were 18,000 welfare enterprises in China, employing a total of 542,000 disabled people. |
| 殘疾人社會保障水平進(jìn)一步提升。擴大殘疾人社會福利范圍，適當(dāng)提高社會福利水平。截至2013年，全國已有628萬城鄉(xiāng)殘疾人納入最低生活保障范圍，參加城鄉(xiāng)居民養(yǎng)老保險的殘疾人分別達(dá)到401.4萬和1,638.3萬，94.4萬名殘疾人接受托養(yǎng)服務(wù)。探索建立貧困殘疾人生活補助和重度殘疾人護(hù)理補貼制度。15個?。▍^(qū)、市）建立了貧困殘疾人生活補貼制度，8個省（區(qū)、市）建立了重度殘疾人護(hù)理補貼制度，享受補貼的殘疾人超過600萬人。 | The social security system for disabled persons is being further improved. The Chinese government has enlarged the range of disabled people's social welfare and raised their benefit level. By 2013 over 6.28 million disabled persons in both urban and rural areas received the minimum subsistence allowance, 4.014 million disabled persons in urban areas and 16.383 million in rural areas participated in the respective endowment insurance systems, and 944,000 disabled people were looked after by social services. The governments explored ways to provide poverty-stricken disabled people with living subsidies and severely disabled people with care subsidies. Some 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) established the system of granting living subsidies to poverty-stricken disabled people, and eight provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) established the system of granting care subsidies to severely disabled people, benefiting over 6 million disabled people. |
| 殘疾人扶貧開發(fā)力度加大。把殘疾人的扶貧開發(fā)納入相關(guān)規(guī)劃，在落實扶貧政策和實施扶貧措施中同等條件下優(yōu)先支持殘疾人，加大支持力度。將貧困殘疾人納入貧困監(jiān)測整體工作，建立集中連片特困地區(qū)殘疾人扶貧開發(fā)工作統(tǒng)計匯總制度。加強農(nóng)業(yè)行業(yè)助殘扶貧工作，促進(jìn)農(nóng)村殘疾人增收。對殘疾人農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)服務(wù)、創(chuàng)辦農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社給予支持，加強農(nóng)村殘疾人農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與經(jīng)營管理技能的培訓(xùn)，支持農(nóng)村殘疾人家庭購置和使用農(nóng)機，加快改善農(nóng)村殘疾人家庭生活燃?xì)猸h(huán)境，提高優(yōu)惠補貼。優(yōu)先支持農(nóng)村貧困殘疾人家庭危房改造，完成貧困殘疾人家庭危房改造數(shù)量占年度總?cè)蝿?wù)的比例，高于農(nóng)村貧困殘疾人家庭存量危房占存量危房總數(shù)的比例。實施《2013年貧困地區(qū)新生兒疾病篩查項目方案》，在21個?。▍^(qū)、市）14個國家集中連片特殊困難地區(qū)的200個縣，對農(nóng)村戶籍的49萬例新生兒開展苯丙酮尿癥、先天性甲狀腺功能減低癥和聽力障礙患兒篩查工作，并實施康復(fù)救助。2013年，農(nóng)村共有120.6萬殘疾人脫貧，為12.2萬戶農(nóng)村殘疾人家庭實施了危房改造。 | The development-oriented poverty alleviation for disabled persons is being strengthened. The Chinese government included poverty alleviation and development of disabled persons in relevant programs, and made disabled people a priority when carrying out poverty alleviation policies and measures. Poverty-stricken disabled people were included in the overall poverty monitoring, and a statistics system for development-oriented poverty alleviation for disabled people in contiguous poverty-stricken areas was set up. The assistance to and poverty alleviation for disabled people in agricultural sector was strengthened in a bid to increase their incomes. Local governments also supported disabled people by providing agricultural technology services or helping them found special cooperatives, strengthened the skill training in agricultural production and business management for disabled people in rural areas, assisted rural families with one or more disabled members to buy and use agricultural machines, and accelerated the improvement of conditions for the supply of gas to them for daily use by giving preferences and increasing subsidies. The renovation of dilapidated houses of poor families with one or more disabled members was given high priority, and the proportion of renovated houses of poor families with one or more disabled members in the total of renovated houses in the year was higher than the proportion of existing dilapidated houses of poor families with one or more disabled members in all dilapidated houses. According to the Project Plan for Screening Illnesses Among Newborn Babies in Poverty-stricken Areas in 2013, local governments conducted screening for phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism and hearing loss among 490,000 newborn babies in rural areas, and provided the sick babies with rehabilitation aids in 14 national contiguous poverty-stricken areas involving 200 counties in 21 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government). In 2013 some 1.206 million disabled people in rural areas got rid of poverty and 122,000 rural families with one or more disabled members renovated their houses. |
| 加快推進(jìn)無障礙建設(shè)與改造。貫徹實施《無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)條例》，城鄉(xiāng)無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)深入開展。2013年，共為13.6萬戶貧困殘疾人家庭進(jìn)行無障礙改造，為65.7萬殘疾人發(fā)放了殘疾人機動輪椅車燃油補貼。落實方便殘疾人出行規(guī)定，中國民航局研究修訂《殘疾人航空運輸辦法（試行）》，中國鐵路總公司在所有列車均設(shè)置殘疾人專座。全年安排4.8萬張殘疾人火車專票，改造生產(chǎn)1268節(jié)無障礙車廂。各市、縣全面開展無障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)。按照《網(wǎng)站設(shè)計無障礙技術(shù)要求》，對117家部委和省政府等網(wǎng)站開展無障礙專項評估，部分網(wǎng)站已按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開展了網(wǎng)站無障礙建設(shè)。推進(jìn)信息無障礙輔助器具研發(fā)，開展盲用輔助系統(tǒng)、讀屏軟件等無障礙相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究制定。啟動“美麗中國——2013中國政務(wù)信息無障礙公益行動”，對政府各部門政務(wù)網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行無障礙改造，開展城市信息無障礙體系建設(shè)。 | Access for disabled people is being improved. China has enacted the Regulations for Building a Barrier-free Environment, making efforts to remove environmental barriers in both urban and rural areas. In 2013 the Chinese government helped improve access for 136,000 families with one or more disabled members, and granted 657,000 disabled people fuel subsidies for motorized wheelchairs. In order to make disabled people's travelling more convenient, the China Civil Aviation Administration amended the Regulations of Air Transport for Disabled Persons (Trial), and the China Railway Corporation arranged special seats for disabled persons in every train, providing 48,000 special tickets for disabled persons and making 1,268 carriages barrier-free. Various cities and counties started to build a barrier-free environment. Some of the websites of 117 ministries and commissions as well as provincial governments claimed that they had become barrier-free in accordance with the Technical Norms for Designing Barrier-free Accessible Websites. China accelerated the R&D for assistance devices and began researching and laying down technical criteria for devices for the blind and screen readers. The Chinese government launched the "2013 Beautiful China Actions for Barrier-free Access to Government Information," improving the websites of various government departments, and began to build a barrier-free information system in the cities. |
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