（四）加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式

解決發(fā)展不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)的問(wèn)題，關(guān)鍵在于加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整，這既是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期過(guò)程，也是當(dāng)前最緊迫的任務(wù)。

促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)。推動(dòng)戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。建立促進(jìn)新能源利用的機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、項(xiàng)目配套、政策引導(dǎo)，擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求，防止太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)電設(shè)備制造能力的盲目擴(kuò)張。發(fā)展新一代信息技術(shù)，加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推動(dòng)三網(wǎng)融合取得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。大力發(fā)展高端裝備制造、節(jié)能環(huán)保、生物醫(yī)藥、新能源汽車、新材料等產(chǎn)業(yè)。擴(kuò)大技改專項(xiàng)資金規(guī)模，促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造升級(jí)。

以汽車、鋼鐵、造船、水泥等行業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，控制增量，優(yōu)化存量，推動(dòng)企業(yè)兼并重組，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度和規(guī)模效益。落實(shí)并完善促進(jìn)小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展的政策，進(jìn)一步減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，激發(fā)科技型小型微型企業(yè)發(fā)展活力。實(shí)施有利于服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展的財(cái)稅、金融政策，支持社會(huì)資本進(jìn)入服務(wù)業(yè)，促進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展提速、比重提高、水平提升。

推進(jìn)節(jié)能減排和生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)。節(jié)能減排的關(guān)鍵是節(jié)約能源，提高能效，減少污染。要抓緊制定出臺(tái)合理控制能源消費(fèi)總量工作方案，加快理順能源價(jià)格體系。綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工業(yè)、交通、建筑、公共機(jī)構(gòu)、居民生活等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和千家重點(diǎn)耗能企業(yè)節(jié)能減排，進(jìn)一步淘汰落后產(chǎn)能。加強(qiáng)用能管理，發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng)和分布式能源，實(shí)施節(jié)能發(fā)電調(diào)度、合同能源管理、政府節(jié)能采購(gòu)等行之有效的管理方式。

優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)，推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)能源清潔高效利用，安全高效發(fā)展核電，積極發(fā)展水電，加快頁(yè)巖氣勘查、開(kāi)發(fā)攻關(guān)，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加強(qiáng)能源通道建設(shè)。深入貫徹節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境基本國(guó)策。開(kāi)展節(jié)能認(rèn)證和能效標(biāo)識(shí)監(jiān)督檢查，鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能、節(jié)水、節(jié)地、節(jié)材和資源綜合利用，大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)。加強(qiáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)，著力解決重金屬、飲用水源、大氣、土壤、海洋污染等關(guān)系民生的突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題。努力減少農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染。嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品。

今年在京津冀、長(zhǎng)三角、珠三角等重點(diǎn)區(qū)域以及直轄市和省會(huì)城市開(kāi)展細(xì)顆粒物（PM2．5）等項(xiàng)目監(jiān)測(cè)，2015年覆蓋所有地級(jí)以上城市。推進(jìn)生態(tài)建設(shè)，建立健全生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，促進(jìn)生態(tài)保護(hù)和修復(fù)，鞏固天然林保護(hù)、退耕還林還草、退牧還草成果，加強(qiáng)草原生態(tài)建設(shè)，大力開(kāi)展植樹(shù)造林，推進(jìn)荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，嚴(yán)格保護(hù)江河源、濕地、湖泊等重要生態(tài)功能區(qū)。加強(qiáng)適應(yīng)氣候變化特別是應(yīng)對(duì)極端氣候事件能力建設(shè)，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)能力。堅(jiān)持共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任原則和公平原則，建設(shè)性推動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化國(guó)際談判進(jìn)程。我們要用行動(dòng)昭告世界，中國(guó)絕不靠犧牲生態(tài)環(huán)境和人民健康來(lái)?yè)Q取經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，我們一定能走出一條生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路。

促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。實(shí)施區(qū)域發(fā)展總體戰(zhàn)略和主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃，充分發(fā)揮各地特色和優(yōu)勢(shì)，進(jìn)一步提高區(qū)域發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性和基本公共服務(wù)均等化水平。認(rèn)真落實(shí)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)新10年的政策措施，加大實(shí)施中部地區(qū)崛起戰(zhàn)略的力度，加快推進(jìn)東北地區(qū)等老工業(yè)基地振興，積極支持東部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展、在更高層次上參與國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作。要加大對(duì)革命老區(qū)、民族地區(qū)、邊疆地區(qū)和貧困地區(qū)的扶持力度。

更好地發(fā)揮經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、上海浦東新區(qū)、天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)在改革開(kāi)放中先行先試的重要作用。制定和實(shí)施海洋發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。加強(qiáng)和完善跨區(qū)域合作機(jī)制，消除市場(chǎng)壁壘，促進(jìn)要素流動(dòng)，引導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)有序轉(zhuǎn)移，推動(dòng)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)良性互動(dòng)、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化。要遵循城市發(fā)展規(guī)律，從各地實(shí)際出發(fā)，促進(jìn)大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。根據(jù)資源環(huán)境和人口承載能力，優(yōu)化全國(guó)生產(chǎn)力布局，形成合理的城鎮(zhèn)體系和與國(guó)土規(guī)模、資源分布、發(fā)展?jié)摿ο噙m應(yīng)的人口布局。各類城市都要夯實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，改善人居環(huán)境，加強(qiáng)管理服務(wù)，提升城鎮(zhèn)化質(zhì)量和水平。

更加注重把在城鎮(zhèn)穩(wěn)定就業(yè)和居住的農(nóng)民工有序轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌擎?zhèn)居民；放寬中小城市落戶條件，合理引導(dǎo)人口流向，讓更多農(nóng)村富余勞動(dòng)力就近轉(zhuǎn)移就業(yè)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)民工的人文關(guān)懷和服務(wù)，著力解決農(nóng)民工在就業(yè)服務(wù)、社會(huì)保障、子女入園上學(xué)、住房租購(gòu)等方面的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，逐步將城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)覆蓋到農(nóng)民工。關(guān)愛(ài)留守兒童、留守婦女和留守老人。讓農(nóng)民無(wú)論進(jìn)城還是留鄉(xiāng)，都能安居樂(lè)業(yè)、幸福生活。

4. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development

The key to solving the problems of imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development is to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic restructure. This is both a long-term task and our most pressing task at present.

We will improve and upgrade the industrial structure. We will promote the sound development of strategic emerging industries. We will accelerate the establishment of mechanisms that promote the use of new energy sources; strengthen overall planning, auxiliary projects and policy guidance; and expand domestic demand. We will prevent blind expansion in our capacity to manufacture solar energy and wind power equipment. We will develop next-generation information technology, strengthen network infrastructure, and make substantive progress in integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet. We will energetically develop the high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation, environmental protection, biopharmaceuticals, new-energy vehicles, and new materials industries. We will increase funding for technological upgrading projects, and press ahead with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

We will control increases in production capacity, improve existing production facilities, encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale, with the focus on the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, and cement industries. We will implement and improve policies to promote the growth of small and micro businesses, further reduce burdens on enterprises, and promote the vibrant growth of small and micro high-tech enterprises. We will implement fiscal, taxation, and financial policies that facilitate the development of the service sector and encourage nongovernmental investment in this sector, in order to promote faster development of the sector, increase its share in the economy, and facilitate its upgrading.

We will conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the ecological environment. The key to conserving energy and reducing emissions is to save energy, improve energy efficiency, and reduce pollution. We will promptly formulate and promulgate a work plan for appropriately controlling total energy consumption, and move quickly to base the energy pricing system on the market. We will use economic, legal, and the necessary administrative means to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, construction, public institutions, and people's homes, and in 1,000 key energy-intensive enterprises; and close down more outdated production facilities. We will tighten supervision of energy use, develop smart power grids and ensure the proper distribution of energy supplies, and implement effective administrative practices such as efficient electricity generation and distribution, energy performance contracting, and government procurement of energy-efficient goods and services.

We will optimize the energy structure, promote clean and efficient use of traditional energy, safely and effectively develop nuclear power, actively develop hydroelectric power, tackle key problems more quickly in the exploration and development of shale gas, and increase the share of new energy and renewable energy in total energy consumption. We will step up the construction of energy transportation routes. We will thoroughly implement the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. We will carry out certification of energy-efficient products and oversight and inspection of energy efficiency labeling; encourage economical use of energy, water, land, and materials as well as comprehensive use of resources; and vigorously develop a circular economy. We will strengthen environmental protection; strive to solve major environmental problems that directly affect people's lives, such as heavy metals, drinking water sources, air, soil, and marine pollution; reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources; and put hazardous chemicals under strict oversight and supervision.

We will start monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities, and extend the practice to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015. We will improve the ecology, establish a sound system of compensation for ecological damage, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and consolidate achievements in protecting virgin forests, turning vulnerable farmland into forests and grasslands, and stopping grazing to let grasslands recover. We will strengthen grassland ecological conservation; vigorously carry out afforestation; make progress in dealing with desertification and stony deserts and in improving terraced farmland; and strictly protect river sources, wetlands, lakes, and other priority functional ecological zones. We will strengthen capacity building to adapt to climate change, and especially to respond to extreme climate events, and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We will uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness, and play a constructive role in promoting international talks on climate change. We will show the world with our actions that China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its ecological environment and public health. We are definitely capable of taking a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people's living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment.

We will enhance balanced economic development among regions. We will implement the master strategy for regional development and the plan for developing functional zones, give full play to the distinctive strengths of each region, better coordinate development among regions, and make delivery of basic public services more equitable. We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures for the large-scale development of the western region in the new decade, work even harder to implement the strategy for the rise of the central region, more quickly revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, and actively support the eastern region in transforming its economy and participating in international competition and cooperation at a higher level. We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas.

We will encourage special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play their role of leading the way and exploring new paths in reform and opening up. We will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy. We will strengthen and improve inter-regional cooperation mechanisms, remove market barriers, facilitate the flow of factors of production, guide the orderly transfer of industries, and promote mutually reinforcing and coordinated economic development among regions.

We will actively yet prudently promote urbanization. We will promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as small towns in light of local conditions and in accordance with the laws governing urban development. On the basis of the carrying capacity of China's resources, environment and population, we will improve the distribution of the productive forces across the country, develop cities and towns rationally, and ensure that the geographical distribution of the population is suited to land availability, resources distribution, and development potential. We will strengthen the economic foundation and create job opportunities in all cities, improve their infrastructure and living environment, strengthen urban management and services, and raise the quality and level of urbanization.

We will give higher priority to registering rural migrant workers with stable jobs and permanent homes in cities or towns as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner. We will relax eligibility for registering as urban households in small and medium-sized cities, guide the rational flow of the population, and enable more surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment in nearby towns and cities. We should care more deeply for rural migrant workers and provide more services to them; resolve difficulties they have in securing employment services, obtaining social security benefits, getting their children enrolled in preschools and schools, and renting or purchasing homes; and gradually extend to them basic public services that are available to urban residents. We will take care of children, women and old people who are left behind by rural migrant workers who work in cities. We will enable rural residents to enjoy a happy life whether they go to the city or stay in the countryside.